Umjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa kwesoftware: Igayidi yezinyathelo eziyi-10

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Umjikelezo wokuthuthukisa isofthiwe yinqubo ehlelekile eqinisekisa ukudalwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
Kuhlanganisa izigaba ezifana nokuhlela, ukuklama, ukuqaliswa, nokugcinwa, ngasinye esibalulekile empumelelweni yephrojekthi.
Ukuxhumana nokuphathwa koshintsho kubalulekile ekugcineni ukuhambisana nekhwalithi ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa.
Ukubhala isigaba ngasinye kusiza ukugcinwa okufanele kanye nokuvela kwesofthiwe esikhathini esizayo.

Umjikelezo wokuphila wokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe: izigaba, amamodeli, nokhiye abasebenzayo

Uyini umjikelezo wokuthuthukisa isofthiwe?

Umjikelezo wokuphila kokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe (i-SDLC) uyindlela ehlelekile esetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zesofthiwe. Lo mjikelezo uqukethe uchungechunge lwezigaba ezihlanganisa yonke inqubo, kusukela ekuqalweni kokuqala kuya ekulethweni kokugcina kanye nokugcinwa komkhiqizo. Funda kabanzi ngezigaba zomjikelezo wokuphila kokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe.

Izinyathelo eziyi-10 ezibalulekile zomjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa kwesoftware

Izigaba zokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe

Paso	Descripción
I-1. Ukuhlela	Chaza izinjongo, ububanzi kanye nezinsiza ezidingekayo kuphrojekthi.
2. Ukuhlaziywa kwezidingo	Qoqa futhi ubhale phansi izidingo ezisebenzayo nezingasebenzi zesoftware.
I-3 Idizayini	Idala i-architecture yesistimu futhi ichaza isixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi.
4. Ukuqaliswa	Bhala ikhodi yomthombo ulandele i- izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihamba phambili.
5. Izivivinyo	Yenza iyunithi, ukuhlanganisa, nokuhlola ukwamukela ukuze uhlonze futhi ulungise iziphazamisi.
6. Ukuthunyelwa	Ilungiselela isofthiwe ukuthi ikhishwe futhi iyifaka endaweni yokukhiqiza.
7. IMantenimiento	Nikeza ukusekela futhi wenze intuthuko eqhubekayo ngemva kokukhululwa.
8. Shintsha ukuphathwa	Lawula futhi ubhale izinguquko ezenziwe kwisofthiwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
9. Ukuphathwa kwekhwalithi	Iqinisekisa ukuthi isofthiwe ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi ezimisiwe.
10. Ukuvala iphrojekthi	Linganisa i impumelelo yephrojekthi kanye nemibhalo yezifundo ezifundwe kumaphrojekthi azayo.

I-1. Ukuhlela

Ukuhlela kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile emjikelezweni wokuphila kokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe. Phakathi nalesi sigaba, izinhloso zephrojekthi ziyachazwa , ububanzi buyasungulwa, futhi izinsiza ezidingekayo ziyahlonzwa. Kubalulekile ukubandakanya bonke abathintekayo, njengethimba lokuthuthukisa, abasebenzisi bokugcina, kanye nabaxhasi bephrojekthi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu uhambisana nemigomo kanye nokulindelwe. Thola ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe kuyini.

2. Ukuhlaziywa kwezidingo

Ukuhlaziywa kwezimfuneko kuyisigaba esibalulekile emjikelezweni wokuphila kokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe, njengoba kubeka isisekelo sempumelelo yephrojekthi. Phakathi nalesi sigaba, izidingo zokusebenza zesofthiwe kanye nezingasebenzi ziyaqoqwa futhi zibhalwe phansi. Izidingo zokusebenza zichaza izici kanye nemisebenzi okumele ibe nayo isofthiwe, kanti izidingo ezingasebenzi zibhekana nezici ezifana nokusebenza, ukuphepha, kanye nokusebenziseka kalula. Hlola ubuchwepheshe obuguquguqukayo ekuthuthukisweni.

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I-3 Idizayini

Esigabeni sokuklama somjikelezo wokuphila kokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe , ukwakheka kwesistimu kuyadalwa futhi isikhombimsebenzisi somsebenzisi siyachazwa . Inhloso eyinhloko ukuhumusha izidingo eziqoqiwe zibe umklamo ohlangene nosebenzayo. Phakathi nalesi sigaba, kwenziwa izinqumo ezibalulekile mayelana nesakhiwo sesofthiwe, ukukhethwa kobuchwepheshe, kanye namaphethini okuklama okufanele asetshenziswe. Funda ngezindlela zokuthuthukisa isofthiwe zakudala.

4. Ukuqaliswa

Ukuqaliswa kuyisigaba somjikelezo wokuphila kwesofthiwe lapho kubhalwa khona ikhodi yomthombo . Phakathi nalesi sigaba, abathuthukisi bahumusha umklamo olimini oluthile lokuhlela, belandela imikhuba emihle kanye nezindinganiso zokubhala amakhodi. Ukugcina indlela ye-modular nehlelekile kubalulekile, ukuhlukanisa ikhodi ibe izingxenye ezingasetshenziswa kabusha nezilondolozekayo. Funda ngokulawulwa kwenguqulo ekuthuthukisweni.

5. Izivivinyo

Ukuhlola kuyingxenye ebalulekile yomjikelezo wokuphila kokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe, njengoba kusiza ukuhlonza nokulungisa amaphutha ngaphambi kokuba isofthiwe ikhishwe emphakathini . Phakathi nalesi sigaba, kwenziwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlolwa, njengokuhlolwa kweyunithi, ukuhlolwa kokuhlanganiswa, kanye nokuhlolwa kokwamukelwa. Umgomo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isofthiwe isebenza kahle futhi ihlangabezana nezidingo ezimisiwe. Imikhuba emihle kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwesofthiwe okuphephile.

6. Ukuthunyelwa

Ukufakwa kwesofthiwe kuyisigaba somjikelezo wokuphila kwesofthiwe lapho isofthiwe ilungiselelwa ukukhishwa futhi ifakwe endaweni yokukhiqiza . Phakathi nalesi sigaba, imisebenzi efana nokucushwa kweseva, ukufakwa kokuxhomekeka, kanye nokufuduka kwedatha (uma kudingeka) iyenziwa. Umgomo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isofthiwe isebenza kahle futhi ngokuzinzile endaweni yokukhiqiza. Izinzuzo zokuthuthukiswa kwezingxenyekazi eziningi.

7. IMantenimiento

Ukugcinwa kwesofthiwe kuyisigaba esiqhubekayo emjikelezweni wokuphila kokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe oqala ngemva kokukhishwa komkhiqizo. Phakathi nalesi sigaba, kunikezwa ukwesekwa futhi kwenziwa intuthuko eqhubekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isofthiwe iyaqhubeka nokusebenza kahle futhi ihlangabezana nezidingo zomsebenzisi ezishintshayo. Lokhu kungafaka ukulungiswa kwamaphutha, ukusetshenziswa kwezici ezintsha, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza.

8. Shintsha ukuphathwa

Ukuphathwa koshintsho kuyisici esibalulekile somjikelezo wokuphila kokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe, njengoba kuvumela ukulawulwa kanye nokubhalwa kwezinguquko ezenziwe kwisofthiwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Phakathi nalesi sigaba, kumiswa izinqubo nezinqubo zokucela, ukuhlola, ukuvuma, kanye nokusebenzisa izinguquko ohlelweni. Umgomo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinguquko zenziwa ngendlela elawulwayo futhi azithinti kabi ukuzinza kanye nobuqotho besofthiwe.

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9. Ukuphathwa kwekhwalithi

Ukuphathwa kwekhwalithi kuyisici esibalulekile somjikelezo wokuphila kokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe, okuhloswe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isofthiwe ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi ezimisiwe. Phakathi nalesi sigaba, kuchazwa futhi kusetshenziswe izilinganiso zekhwalithi ukuhlola isofthiwe ngokuya ngokusebenza, ukusebenza, ukusebenziseka, kanye nokuphepha. Umgomo ukuhlonza nokulungisa amaphutha nezinkinga zekhwalithi ngaphambi kokuba isofthiwe ikhishwe emphakathini. Izindinganiso ze-ISO zokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe.

10. Ukuvala iphrojekthi

Ukuvalwa kwephrojekthi kuyisigaba sokugcina somjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe, lapho impumelelo yephrojekthi ihlolwa futhi izifundo ezifundiwe zibhalwa phansi. Phakathi nalesi sigaba, ukubuyekezwa okubuyela emuva kuyenziwa ukuze kuhlaziywe ukuthi yini esebenze kahle, yini engathuthukiswa, kanye nezincomo zamaphrojekthi azayo. Umgomo uwukubamba ulwazi olutholiwe futhi wabelane ngalo neqembu kanye nenhlangano yonkana. .

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nomjikelezo wokuthuthukisa isofthiwe

1. Yini ukubaluleka komjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe?

Umjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe ubalulekile ngoba uhlinzeka ngendlela ehlelekile nehlelekile yokudala isofthiwe yekhwalithi ephezulu. Isiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isofthiwe ihlangabezana nezidingo, ithembekile, iyalondolozeka, futhi iyakaleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe uvumela ukuphathwa kahle kwezinsiza, ukuxhumana okucacile phakathi kwamalungu eqembu, nokulethwa ngempumelelo komkhiqizo wokugcina.

2. Yiziphi izindlela ezisetshenziswayo emjikelezweni wokuthuthukiswa kwesoftware?

Kunezindlela ezahlukene ezingasetshenziswa emjikelezweni wokuphila kwesofthiwe, njengemodeli ye-waterfall, imodeli ephindaphindayo, imodeli ye-spiral, kanye nezindlela ze-agile ezifana ne-Scrum ne-Kanban. Indlela ngayinye inezimpawu zayo kanye nezindlela zayo, futhi ukukhetha indlela efanele kuncike ezidingweni ezithile zephrojekthi kanye nethimba.

3. Ikhwalithi iqinisekiswa kanjani emjikelezweni wokuthuthukiswa kwesoftware?

Ikhwalithi iqinisekiswa emjikelezweni wokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe ngokusebenzisa izinqubo zokuphatha ikhwalithi kuzo zonke izigaba zenqubo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuchaza amazinga ekhwalithi, ukwenza ukuhlola okubanzi, ukubuyekezwa kwamakhodi, ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa kwamabhuku. Ukwengeza, amathuluzi okuhlaziya amakhodi amile nokuhlola okuzenzakalelayo kusetshenziselwa ukuthola nokulungisa izinkinga.

4. Iyini indima yokubhala emjikelezweni wokuthuthukiswa kwesoftware?

Ukubhala imibhalo kudlala indima ebalulekile emjikelezweni wokuphila kokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe. Kunikeza ireferensi ecacile nephelele yethimba lokuthuthukisa, abasebenzisi bokugcina, kanye nababambiqhaza. Ukubhala imibhalo kuhlanganisa imininingwane yezimfuneko, imiklamo yezakhiwo , izincwadi zomsebenzisi, iziqondiso zokufaka, kanye nemibhalo yobuchwepheshe. Ukubhala imibhalo okuhle kwenza kube lula ukuqonda, ukugcinwa, kanye nokuguquka kwesofthiwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

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5. Izinguquko ziphathwa kanjani kumjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe?

Izinguquko kumjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe ziphathwa ngenqubo yokuphatha ushintsho. Lolu hlelo lubandakanya ukuchaza izinqubo zokucela, ukuhlola, ukugunyaza kanye nokuqalisa izinguquko ohlelweni. Amathuluzi okuphatha okushintsha njengamasistimu okulawula inguqulo kanye nezinhlelo zokulandelela udaba asetshenziselwa ukugcina irekhodi elinemininingwane yazo zonke izinguquko ezenziwe nokuqinisekisa ukuthi zenziwa ngendlela elawulwayo.

6. Kuyini ukubaluleka kokuxhumana emjikelezweni wokuthuthukiswa kwesoftware?

Ukuxhumana kubalulekile emjikelezweni wokuthuthukiswa kwesoftware. Ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo phakathi kwamalungu eqembu, abasebenzisi bokugcina, nababambiqhaza kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu uhambisana nemigomo yephrojekthi, uqonda izidingo, futhi usebenzisana kahle. Ukuxhumana okuvamile, ngemihlangano, imibiko yesimo, namathuluzi okubambisana, kuvumela izinkinga ukuba zisingathwe ngesikhathi futhi kugcina iphrojekthi isendleleni.

Isiphetho

Umjikelezo wokuphila kokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe uyinqubo ebanzi ehlanganisa konke kusukela ekuhleleni kuya ekugcineni umkhiqizo wesofthiwe. Ngokulandela izinyathelo eziyi-10 ezibalulekile ezichazwe kulesi sihloko, ungakha izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezihlangabezana nezidingo zomsebenzisi futhi ezihambisana nezindinganiso zomkhakha. Funda kabanzi ngendima yomphathi wokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Wenzani umphathi wokuthuthukisa isofthiwe?

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