- Ulimi lokuhlela olutolikiwe, olugxile entweni elengeza ukusebenzisana namandla emakhasini ewebhu, olusebenza kakhulu esipheqululini.
- Ihlanganisa ne-DOM ukuze iguqule okuqukethwe, iphendule izehlakalo zabasebenzisi, futhi yenze izicelo ezikude ngaphandle kokulayisha kabusha ikhasi.
- Izinzuzo ezibalulekile: ukusebenzisana kwesikhathi sangempela, ukuqinisekiswa kwefomu, ukugqwayiza, nolwazi oluthuthukisiwe lomsebenzisi.
- I-ecosystem ebanzi: imitapo yolwazi nezinhlaka (React, Angular, Vue) kanye nezinkundla zewebhu nezinhlelo zokusebenza zamaselula njenge-React Native.
Ezweni lohlelo lwewebhu, iJavaScript iwulimi oluyisisekelo nolunamandla lokuhlela oluvumela ukudalwa kokuxhumana kanye nokuguquguquka kumawebhusayithi. Iwubuchwepheshe obubalulekile kubathuthukisi nabahleli bezinhlelo, futhi kunezinsiza eziningi ezitholakalayo zeJavaScript , njengoba inikeza ikhono lokulawula nokuphatha izakhi zekhasi lewebhu, ukwenza izibalo, ukuqinisekisa amafomu, ukudala izithombe ezinyakazayo, nokunye okuningi. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi iyini iJavaScript, ukuthi isetshenziswa kanjani, nokuthi kungani ibaluleke kangaka ekuthuthukisweni kwewebhu kwanamuhla.
Yini i-JavaScript
I-JavaScript iwulimi lokuhlela olusezingeni eliphezulu, oluhunyushwayo, nolugxile ezintweni. Ekuqaleni yadalwa nguBrendan Eich ngo-1995 ngenhloso yokwengeza ukusebenzisana emakhasini ewebhu. Ngokungafani nezilimi zokuhlela eziseceleni kweseva njenge-PHP noma i-Python , i-JavaScript isebenza ngqo kusiphequluli sewebhu somsebenzisi, okwenza kube ithuluzi elinamandla lokudala okuhlangenwe nakho kwesikhathi sangempela nokuxhumana.
Uma uvakashela iwebhusayithi esebenzisa i-JavaScript, ikhodi ye-JavaScript efakwe ekhasini iyalandwa futhi isetshenziswe kusiphequluli sakho sewebhu. Lokhu kuvumela ikhodi ukuthi isebenzisane nesakhiwo se -HTML sekhasi , iguqule okuqukethwe kwayo, iphendule imicimbi yomsebenzisi, futhi yenze izicelo kumaseva akude ukuze ithole noma ithumele idatha.
Ngamafuphi, i-JavaScript iwulimi lokuhlela olusebenza kusiphequluli sewebhu futhi ikuvumela ukuthi udale amawebhusayithi asebenzisanayo naguquguqukayo, okwenza kube lula ukuhlela okuqhutshwa yimicimbi.
Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-JavaScript
I-JavaScript isiwulimi lokuhlela olubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwewebhu yesimanje ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo eziningi. Ezinye zezinzuzo eziphawuleka kakhulu zokusebenzisa i-JavaScript zifaka:
- Ukusebenzisana kwesikhathi sangempela: I-JavaScript inika amandla ukudalwa kwezinto ezisebenzisanayo ekhasini lewebhu, ihlinzeka ngolwazi oluhehayo nolushukumisayo kubasebenzisi.
- Ukuqinisekiswa kwefomuNge-JavaScript, ungaqinisekisa idatha efakwe kumafomu ewebhu ngaphambi kokuyithumela kuseva, isibonelo, usebenzisa izinkulumo ezivamileLokhu kuthuthukisa ukunemba nokuvikeleka kwedatha efakwe abasebenzisi.
- I-DOM Manipulation: I-Document Object Model (DOM) imele isakhiwo i-HTML kusuka ekhasini lewebhu. I-JavaScript ikuvumela ukuthi ufinyelele futhi usebenzise i-DOM yekhasi, inikeze amandla okushintsha okuqukethwe kanye nesitayela sekhasi lewebhu.
- Izithombe nemiphumela yokubukaI-JavaScript isetshenziswa kakhulu ukudala ukugqwayiza, izinguquko, nemiphumela ebonakalayo emakhasini ewebhu, okuthuthukisa ulwazi lomsebenzisi nobuhle besayithi.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu: Nge izinhlaka nemitapo yolwazi Njenge-React, Angular, kanye ne-Vue.js, i-JavaScript isiyinketho edumile yokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza eziphelele zewebhu.
Isetshenziswa kanjani iJavaScript ekuthuthukisweni kwewebhu
I-JavaScript ingasetshenziswa ngezindlela ezahlukene ekuthuthukisweni kwewebhu, kuye ngezidingo zephrojekthi kanye nemitapo yolwazi nezinhlaka ezitholakalayo . Nazi ezinye zezindlela ezivamile i-JavaScript esetshenziswa ngazo:
1. I-JavaScript eshumekiwe
Indlela eyisisekelo kakhulu yokusebenzisa i-JavaScript ekhasini lewebhu ukusebenzisa ikhodi ye-JavaScript eshumekwe ngqo efayeleni le-HTML. Lokhu kufezwa ngokusebenzisa omaka beskripthi <script></script> ngaphakathi kwedokhumenti ye-HTML. Ngokwesibonelo:
<script>
// Ikhodi ye-JavaScript eshumekiwe
isixwayiso("Sawubona, mhlaba!");
</script>
Kulesi sibonelo, ikhodi ye-JavaScript engaphakathi kwethegi yeskripthi izosetshenziswa uma ikhasi lewebhu lilayisha.
2. Amafayela e-JavaScript angaphandle
Kumaphrojekthi amakhulu, ayinkimbinkimbi, kuvamile ukusebenzisa amafayela e-JavaScript angaphandle. Lawa mafayela agcinwa kumafayela ahlukene anesandiso .js futhi axhunywe kufayela le-HTML kusetshenziswa ithegi <script> ngemfanelo src. Isibonelo:
<script src="script.js"></script>
Ifayela script.js izoqukatha ikhodi ye-JavaScript edingekayo futhi izolayishwa lapho ikhasi lewebhu lilayisha.
3. I-JavaScript Frameworks Nemitapo yolwazi
I-JavaScript inezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlaka nemitapo yolwazi ezenza lula futhi zilulaze inqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu. Ezinye zezinhlaka ezithandwa kakhulu zifaka phakathi i-React, i-Angular, i-Vue.js, kanye ne-jQuery . Lezi zinhlaka zihlinzeka ngamathuluzi nezakhiwo ezichazwe ngaphambilini ezenza kube lula ukudalwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu eziyinkimbinkimbi nezikwaziyo ukulinganiswa.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa mayelana nokuthi Iyini i-JavaScript
1. Yini i-JavaScript?
I-JavaScript iyizinga eliphezulu, ulimi lohlelo olugxile entweni olusetshenziselwa ukwengeza ukusebenzisana namandla emakhasini ewebhu. Isebenza kusiphequluli sewebhu somsebenzisi futhi ivumela ukukhohliswa kokuqukethwe nesakhiwo sekhasi.
2. Yadalwa nini i-JavaScript?
IJavaScript yasungulwa ngo-1995 nguBrendan Eich ngenkathi esebenzela iNetscape Communications Corporation. Kusukela lapho, iye yavela futhi yaba ngolunye lwezilimi zokuhlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwewebhu.
3. Ingabe i-JavaScript iyafana ne-Java?
Naphezu kokuba namagama afanayo, iJavaScript neJava ziyizilimi ezimbili ezihlukene zokuhlela. IJavaScript iwulimi lokuhlela oluhunyushwayo olusetshenziswa kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwewebhu, kanti iJava iwulimi lokuhlela olusetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezicelo.
Iningi leziphequluli zewebhu zesimanje, njenge- Chrome , i-Firefox, i-Safari, ne-Edge, zisekela i-JavaScript. Lokhu kuvumela amawebhusayithi anokusebenza kwe-JavaScript ukuthi atholakale kubasebenzisi abaningi.
5. Ngingayifunda kuphi i-JavaScript?
Kunezinketho eziningi zokufunda i-JavaScript, kokubili ku-inthanethi nokungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi. Ezinye izinsiza ezidumile zifaka izifundo eziku-inthanethi, okokufundisa okusebenzisanayo, izincwadi, kanye nemibhalo esemthethweni. Kukhona futhi imiphakathi eku-inthanethi nezinkundla lapho ungathola khona usizo futhi wabelane ngolwazi nabanye abahleli bohlelo.
6. Ngingakwazi ukusebenzisa i-JavaScript ekuthuthukisweni kohlelo lokusebenza lweselula?
Yebo, ungasebenzisa i-JavaScript ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula usebenzisa izinhlaka ezifana ne-React Native noma i-Ionic. Lezi zinhlaka zikuvumela ukuthi ubhale ikhodi ye-JavaScript esebenza ngokomdabu kumadivayisi eselula, okwenza kube lula ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-cross-platform.
Isiphetho sokuthi Yini i-JavaScript
Yini i-JavaScript iwulimi lokuhlela oluyisisekelo ekuthuthukisweni kwewebhu yesimanje. Ikuvumela ukuthi udale ukusebenzisana, amandla kanye nokusebenza emakhasini ewebhu, okuthuthukisa ulwazi lomsebenzisi futhi kunikeze amathuba angapheli kubathuthukisi. Uma unentshisekelo ekuthuthukisweni kwewebhu, ukufunda i-JavaScript kubalulekile ukuze wandise amakhono akho futhi ube umhleli wewebhu ophelele.
Sithemba ukuthi le ndatshana ikunikeze ukuqonda okucacile nokuphelele kokuthi iyini i-JavaScript nokuthi kungani ibaluleke kangaka emhlabeni wohlelo lwewebhu. Manje sekuyithuba lakho lokungena emhlabeni othakazelisayo we-JavaScript futhi uhlole zonke izimanga ongazidala ngalolu limi lokuhlela olunamandla!
