- I-ROM isitoreji esingaguquguquki esigcina idatha ebalulekile.
- Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-ROM: i-PROM, i-EPROM, i-EEPROM nememori ye-flash.
- Ihluka ku-RAM ekuphikeleleni kwedatha, isivinini, kanye nokusebenza.
- Ibalulekile kumakhompyutha, omakhalekhukhwini, ama-consoles kanye nezinto zikagesi zasendlini.
I-ROM (Inkumbulo Yokufunda Kuphela) uhlobo olubalulekile lokugcina kumadivayisi kagesi namakhompyutha, okuqinisekisa ukuthi imishini inolwazi oludingekayo ukuze iqalise futhi isebenze kahle. Ngokungafani ne -RAM (Inkumbulo Yokufinyelela Okungahleliwe) , eguquguqukayo futhi evumela idatha ukuthi ibhalwe futhi iguqulwe, i-ROM igcina ulwazi unomphela. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iye yathuthuka, futhi kuye kwathuthukiswa izinhlobo ezahlukene ezinamakhono athuthukisiwe, njenge -PROM , EPROM , kanye ne -EEPROM . Ukuze uqonde kangcono umongo we-ROM, kuyasiza futhi ukwazi nge -RAM nokuthi isebenza kanjani.
Ake sihlole kabanzi ukuthi iyini inkumbulo ye-ROM, imisebenzi yayo, izinhlobo ezahlukene ezikhona, nokuthi ihluke kanjani kumemori ye-RAM. Uma uke wazibuza ukuthi ikhompuyutha yakho noma ezinye izisetshenziswa zikwazi kanjani ukuvula nokwenza imisebenzi yazo eyisisekelo ngaphandle kokucushwa kwangaphambilini, uzothola zonke izimpendulo lapha.
Iyini inkumbulo ye-ROM?
Igama elithi ROM lisho ukuthi "Inkumbulo Yokufunda Kuphela." Luhlobo lwenkumbulo engaguquki, okusho ukuthi igcina ulwazi olugciniwe ngisho nalapho idivayisi icishiwe. Isici sayo esiyinhloko ukuthi idatha equkethe ayikwazi ukuguqulwa kalula, okwenza kube kuhle kakhulu ukugcina imiyalelo eyisisekelo njenge- firmware yekhompyutha kanye ne-BIOS .
Kusukela yasungulwa, imemori ye-ROM ibilokhu isetshenziswa kumakhompyutha, omakhalekhukhwini, kuma-consoles emidlalo yevidiyo, nakwamanye amadivayisi lapho kubalulekile khona ukuba nedatha engashintshi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukubaluleka kwale memori kubonakala nasekuhlukanisweni kwayo kanye nezici zayo, okungahlolwa ngokuningiliziwe esigabeni sememori yekhompyutha.
ROM Memory Imisebenzi
Imemori ye-ROM yenza imisebenzi eminingana ebalulekile kumishini kagesi. Ezinye ezibaluleke kakhulu yilezi:
- Isitoreji se-Firmware: Iqukethe isofthiwe eyisisekelo edingekayo ukuze uqalise idivayisi.
- Iqinisekisa ukuzinza: Igcina imiyalelo okungafanele ishintshwe umsebenzisi ukuze kugwenywe ukwehluleka kwesistimu.
- Ivumela i-BIOS ukuthi isebenze: Kumakhompyutha, i-BIOS equkethwe ku-ROM iyadingeka ukuqalisa i-hardware nokulayisha uhlelo lokusebenza. Le nqubo ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle komshini, okugqamisa ukubaluleka kokuqonda ukuthi usebenza kanjani.
- Igcina idatha ebalulekile: Amadivayisi afana nama-consoles wegeyimu nomakhalekhukhwini asebenzisa ama-ROM ukuze agcine izilungiselelo ezibucayi.
Izinhlobo zememori ye-ROM
Kukhona ukuhlukahluka okuningana okuhlukene kwememori ye-ROM, ngayinye enezici ezithile ezinikeza amazinga ahlukene okuguquguquka nokuhlela kabusha:
- I-ROM: Lena inguqulo endala futhi evamile, enedatha engakwazi ukuguqulwa uma isirekhodiwe.
- I-PROM (Inkumbulo Efundwayo Kuphela Ehlelwayo): Ingahlelwa kanye kuphela ngemva kokukhiqiza.
- I-EPROM (Inkumbulo Efundeka Kuphela Elungisekayo): Ingasulwa futhi ihlelwe kabusha kusetshenziswa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet.
- I-EEPROM (Inkumbulo Efundeka Kuphela Esuseka Ngogesi): Ikuvumela ukuthi usule ngogesi futhi uhlele kabusha idatha, enikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu.
- Imemori ye-Flash: Okuhlukile kwesimanje kwe-EEPROM evumela ukubhala okuningi nokusula imijikelezo ngokushesha okukhulu.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-ROM nememori ye-RAM
Nakuba i-ROM ne-RAM zombili ziyingxenye yesitoreji kumishini kagesi, zinezinjongo nezici ezihluke kakhulu:
- Ukuphikelela kwedathaInkumbulo ye-ROM ayiguquguquki, okusho ukuthi igcina idatha lapho idivayisi ivaliwe. I-RAM, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iyaguquguquka futhi ilahlekelwa ekuqukethe lapho uhlelo luvaliwe.
- Amandla okushintshaI-ROM ifundeka kuphela noma inokuhlelwa kabusha okulinganiselwe, kuyilapho i-RAM ivumela ukufunda nokubhala okunamandla kwedatha.
- Isivinini: I-RAM ishesha kakhulu kune-ROM njengoba isetshenziselwa ukufinyelela idatha ngesikhathi sangempela.
- Indawo kanye nomsebenziI-ROM itholakala ebhodini lomama futhi igcina i-firmware, kuyilapho i-RAM isetshenziswa uhlelo lokusebenza nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo.
Ukubaluleka kwememori ye-ROM kumadivayisi wesimanje
Namuhla, inkumbulo ye-ROM isalokhu iyingxenye ebalulekile enanini elikhulu lamadivayisi kagesi:
- Amakhompyutha: Aqukethe i-BIOS noma i-UEFI, enesibopho sokuqalisa uhlelo.
- Omakhalekhukhwini: Bagcina isistimu yokusebenza nezilungiselelo zedivayisi.
- Ukududuzwa komdlalo wevidiyo: I-ROM isetshenziselwa ukugcina imidlalo ne-firmware.
- Amadivayisi: Imishini eminingi yansuku zonke, efana nomabonakude nama-microwave, inememori ye-ROM nesofthiwe yayo yangaphakathi.
Nakuba intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe iholele kubuchwepheshe bememori obuguquguqukayo njengememori ye-flash, i-ROM iyaqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekile ekubaleni kanye ne-elekthronikhi. Amandla ayo okugcina aphephile kanye nokuqina kuqinisekisa ukuthi amadivayisi asebenza kahle kusukela ngesikhathi evuliwe, ngaphandle kokudinga ukucushwa okwengeziwe.
