Kuyini i-bandwidth nokuthi ungayilinganisa kanjani ekuxhumekeni kwakho

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Ukuqonda i-bandwidth, ukuthi ilinganiswa kanjani, nokuthi ungayithuthukisa kanjani akusikho nje kwabachwepheshe benethiwekhi; uma wazi ukuthi ungayichaza kanjani, ungakhetha uhlelo lwakho ngempumelelo, uthole ukuthi umhlinzeki wakho akalethi nini , unqume ukuthi udinga ukushintsha i-router yakho, noma umane ulungise inethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya ukuze iyeke ukwehla lapho yonke indlu ixhuma ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Iyini ngempela i-bandwidth?

Ngokombono wokuxhumana kwedatha, i-bandwidth iyinani eliphezulu lokudlulisa lokuxhumana esikhathini esithile. Ngamanye amazwi, inani eliphezulu lolwazi olungageleza phakathi kwedivayisi yakho nenethiwekhi ngomzuzwana owodwa. Ngokuvamile ivezwa ngama -bits ngomzuzwana (bps), futhi njengoba leyo yunithi inganele, kusetshenziswa iziphindaphindo zayo: Kbps, Mbps, Gbps, noma ngisho ne-Tbps ukuze kuxhunywe ngokushesha kakhulu.

Indlela ebonakalayo yokuqonda lokhu ukucabanga ngomgwaqo noma ipayipi lamanzi . I-bandwidth ingaba inani lemizila noma ubukhulu bepayipi: uma imizila eminingi noma ubukhulu bukhulu, kulapho izimoto noma amalitha amaningi angadlula khona ngesikhathi esisodwa. Okufanayo kusebenza kumanethiwekhi: nge-bandwidth eyengeziwe, ungadlulisela idatha eyengeziwe ngesikhathi esisodwa, okuhunyushwa kube ukulanda okusheshayo, ukusakaza okushelelayo, kanye nezimpikiswano ezimbalwa nge-Wi-Fi ekhaya.

Ekuxhumaneni kwesimanje kwe-fiber optic (FTTH) , i-bandwidth etholakalayo iphakeme kakhulu kunaleyo enikezwa ubuchwepheshe obudala njenge-ADSL noma ikhebula lethusi. Lokhu akusho nje kuphela umthamo omkhulu kodwa futhi nokuzinza okukhulu: ijubane lihlala lihambisana kakhulu, ngisho nangesikhathi samahora aphezulu.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-bandwidth "iwumthamo omkhulu wethiyori ," hhayi lokho okusebenzisayo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ukuxhumeka kwakho kungase kulinganiswe ngama-600 Mbps, kodwa uma ubuka ividiyo ye-HD efonini yakho njengamanje, cishe usebenzisa ingxenye encane kakhulu yalowo mthamo.

I-bandwidth kumaza omsakazo, ikhompyutha kanye ne-WiFi

Umqondo we-bandwidth awuzange uvele ku-inthanethi . Uvela emkhakheni wamagagasi e-analog kanye nezimpawu . Kulowo mongo, i-bandwidth yesignali ububanzi bemvamisa lapho iningi lamandla ayo ligxilile khona. Ilinganiswa nge -hertz (Hz) futhi ibhekisela kuma-frequency aphakathi kwamaphuzu amabili okusika lapho isignali isenezinga lamandla elisebenzisekayo.

Lapho leli gama lingena ezweni lokubala kanye nokuxhumana , laguqulwa ukuze lichaze inani ledatha elingadluliselwa ngeyunithi yesikhathi , hhayi ku-Hz, kodwa ngama-bits ngomzuzwana. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, uma sikhuluma nge-bandwidth yenethiwekhi noma i-bandwidth yedijithali, sibhekisela kulowo mthamo wokudlulisa ulwazi phakathi kwamaphuzu amabili.

Kumanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi, womabili la mazwe axhumene ngokoqobo : ngakolunye uhlangothi, sine-bandwidth ku-hertz (ububanzi bemvamisa etholakalayo ku-spectrum yomsakazo), kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-bandwidth ngama-bits ngomzuzwana (inani ledatha esingayidlulisela sisebenzisa lawo ma-frequency). Amanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi asekhaya ngokuvamile asebenza ku- 2,4 GHz kanye ne -5 GHz . Ibhendi ye-5 GHz ineziteshi eziningi kanye ne-bandwidth enkulu ye-spectral, okuvumela ukudluliswa kolwazi olwengeziwe kanye namazinga aphezulu edatha , ngezindleko zokumbozwa okuncishisiwe.

Izimpawu ze-WiFi zihlelwe ngeziteshi , futhi yilapho izinkinga zingavela khona: uma uhlala esakhiweni samafulethi futhi ama-router amaningi aseduze esebenzisa isiteshi esifanayo, ukuphazamiseka kwenzeka futhi i-bandwidth esebenzayo yehla kakhulu. Ngokufinyelela izilungiselelo ze-router yakho (ngokubonisana nencwadi yayo noma umhlinzeki wakho wesevisi ye-inthanethi), ungashintsha isiteshi se-WiFi ngesandla ukuze ukhethe esingenaminyaminya eminingi futhi uthole i-bandwidth yangempela.

Umehluko phakathi komkhawulokudonsa, isivinini, ukubambezeleka, kanye ne-broadband

Elinye lamaphutha avame kakhulu ukudideka i-bandwidth nesivinini se-inthanethi . Nakuba izikhangiso eziningi zizisebenzisa ngokushintshana, azifani ncamashi. I-bandwidth yikhono eliphezulu "lepayipi" yedatha, kuyilapho ijubane liyisilinganiso sangempela lapho idatha idluliselwa khona nganoma yisiphi isikhathi . Ungase ube nesivinini esinqunyiwe esingu-300 Mbps, kodwa uma okwamanje ulanda ku-80 Mbps, leso yisivinini sakho esisebenzayo.

Isivinini sangempela sincike ezintweni eziningi : ukuthi mangaki amadivayisi abelana ngoxhumano, yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzisa idatha, ukuminyana kwenethiwekhi, ibanga kusuka kuseva, njll. Ngakho-ke, i-bandwidth ephezulu ayiqinisekisi ukuthi uzohlala ubona isivinini esiphezulu osikhokhelayo ekuhlolweni kwesivinini.

Ukubambezeleka kuwumqondo ohlukile kodwa obaluleke ngokulinganayo . Nakuba ukubambezeleka kubhekisela ekutheni ungadlulisela idatha engakanani, ukubambezeleka kulinganisa isikhathi esithathwa yiphakethe ledatha ukuhamba lisuka kudivayisi yakho liye endaweni yalo futhi libuye . Lilinganiswa ngama-millisecond (ms). Inethiwekhi ene-bandwidth ephezulu kodwa ukubambezeleka okuphezulu kungaba yiphupho elibi kumakholi wevidiyo nemidlalo eku-inthanethi: idatha ifika sekwephuzile, futhi uzobona ukubambezeleka lapho ukhuluma noma uhambisa umlingiswa wakho esikrinini.

Uma sibuyela esibonelweni somgwaqo omkhulu , i-bandwidth ingaba inani lemizila, kanti i-latency ingaba isikhathi esithatha imoto ukuhamba ibanga eliphakathi kwendawo eqala kuyo nendawo eya kuyo. Imoto ingahamba emgwaqweni omkhulu (i-bandwidth ephezulu), kodwa uma kukhona ukuminyana kwezimoto, amalambu omgwaqo, noma izindlela eziphambukayo (i-latency embi kanye nokuminyana), kusazothatha isikhathi eside ukufika.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-broadband iyigama lokumaketha nokulawula . Isetshenziselwa ukubhekisela ekuxhumaneni kwe-inthanethi okushesha kakhulu okwedlula umkhawulo othile womthamo omncane. ESpain, isibonelo, i-broadband engaguquki ibhekwa njengeqala ngesivinini sokulanda esingama-30 Mbps. Ngamanye amazwi, i-broadband "uhlobo" lokuxhumeka okusheshayo; i-bandwidth inani elithile ledatha elingadluliselwa uxhumano ngomzuzwana.

Indlela i-bandwidth esebenza ngayo kunethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya

Ekhaya, konke kugxile ku-router . Yilapho uxhumano lwakho nomhlinzeki (i-fiber, ikhebula, i-ADSL, i-4G/5G ehleliwe…) lusatshalaliswa khona phakathi kwamadivayisi akho: amakhompyutha, omakhalekhukhwini, ama-Smart TV, ama-game consoles, izipikha ezihlakaniphile, amakhamera e-IP, izinhlelo zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela ekhaya, njll. Zonke zabelana nge-bandwidth efanayo evunyelwene ngayo.

Uma amadivayisi amaningi esebenzisa i-inthanethi ngesikhathi esisodwa , i-bandwidth yabelwana phakathi kwawo. Uma inani lezicelo zawo lisondela noma lidlula umthamo otholakalayo, kuvela ukuminyana : ukulanda kuyehla, amavidiyo ayama ukuze alayishe, izingcingo zevidiyo ziyavalwa noma ziyayeka, imidlalo iyalibala... kanye nemibuzo ethi "ubani olanda okuthile?" iqala ukukhala ngemuva.

Ama-router esimanje ngokuvamile afaka izici zokuphathwa kwethrafikhi (i-QoS, ikhwalithi yesevisi) . Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ubeke phambili izinhlobo ezithile zethrafikhi (njengezingcingo zevidiyo noma imidlalo eku-inthanethi) kunezingabalulekile kakhulu (njengokulanda okukhulu, ama-backup, noma izibuyekezo zangemuva). Ngale ndlela, ngisho nangomkhawulokudonsa olinganiselwe, imisebenzi ezwela ukuphazamiseka ihlala izinzile.

Inethiwekhi yakho yendawo inganciphisa ne-bandwidth yakho esebenzayo . I-router endala, izintambo ze-Ethernet zezinga eliphansi, ama-adaptha enethiwekhi aphelelwe yisikhathi, noma indawo yokufinyelela ye-Wi-Fi engafanele ingakuvimbela ngisho nokusondela ekusebenziseni i-bandwidth yakho enkontileka. Sivame ukusola umhlinzeki uma inkinga isemishini yethu.

Ukuze uthole okuningi ngokuxhumeka kwakho , kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise ukuxhumeka kwekhebula le-Ethernet kumadivayisi ayisihluthulelo (i-PC yomsebenzi, ikhonsoli, i-smart TV), ubeke i-router endaweni ephakathi nendawo ephakeme , gwema ukuyifihla emakhabetheni avaliwe, futhi uma idivayisi yakho ine-dual-band, sebenzisa i-5 GHz band ukuze uthole lokho okusebenzisa i-bandwidth eningi bese ushiya i-2,4 GHz ukuze uthole amaselula akude kanye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela ekhaya.

Amayunithi: ama-bits, ama-byte, i-Mb/s, i-MB/s nokuthi kungani kunokudideka okungaka

Enye yezinto ezidida kakhulu abantu ukuqonda ukuthi kungani umhlinzeki wabo we-inthanethi ekhuluma nge-Mbps kodwa isiphequluli sabo noma umphathi wokulanda ubonisa isivinini ku-MB/s. Isihluthulelo ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwe-bit (b) ne-byte (B) . I-byte yakhiwe ngama -bits angu-8 , futhi iningi lesitoreji namafayela lilinganiswa ngama-byte, kuyilapho amanethiwekhi evame ukuvezwa ngama-bits.

Kumanethiwekhi, sivame ukusebenzisa i-Kb/s, Mb/s, noma i-Gb/s (ama-kilobits, ama-megabits, nama-gigabits ngomzuzwana) . Kodwa-ke, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezilanda amafayela zivame ukubonisa isivinini ku-KB/s, MB/s, noma i-GB/s (ama-kilobytes, ama-megabytes, nama-gigabytes ngomzuzwana). Njengoba i-1 B = 8 b, uxhumano lwe-200 Mb/s luvumela, esimweni esihle kakhulu, ukulandwa okungaba ngu- 25 MB/s (200 ihlukaniswe ngo-8).

Ezinye izinto ezibhekisela kuzo ezichaza :

• 1 b/s = 1 bit ngomzuzwana
• 1Kb/s ≈ amabhithi ayi-1.000 ngomzuzwana
• I-1 Mb / s ≈ amabhithi ayi-1.000.000 ngomzuzwana
• 1 Gbps ≈ amabhithi ayi-1.000.000.000 ngomzuzwana

Uma ubona izikhangiso ezifana nokuthi “i-fiber engu-600 Mb ,” zikhuluma ngama -megabit angu-600 ngomzuzwana . Isivinini sangempela sokulanda kuma-megabyte sizoba cishe yilelo nani lihlukaniswe ngo-8, kanye nokulahlekelwa okuncane ngenxa yezinqubo nama-header. Yingakho kuvamile ukuthi isiphequluli sakho sibonise ama-megabit ambalwa ngomzuzwana kunesivinini esikhangisiwe.

Indlela yokukala umkhawulokudonsa wokuxhumeka kwakho

Ukulinganisa i-bandwidth yakho yangempela kubalulekile ukuze wazi ukuthi uxhumano lwakho lusebenza kahle yini . Akwanele ukuthembela esivinini esikhangisiwe; kufanele uhlole ukuthi yini ngempela oyitholayo ekhaya noma ehhovisi.

Indlela elula ukusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwesivinini okuku-inthanethi . Amawebhusayithi afana ne-Speedtest.net, Fast.com, nPerf, noma ngisho ukuhlolwa kwesivinini okunikezwa yi-Google uma usesha "ukuhlolwa kwesivinini," azokukhombisa isivinini sakho sokulanda, isivinini sokulayisha, kanye nokubambezeleka . Abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo ze-inthanethi abaningi banikeza nokuhlolwa kwabo kwesivinini ukuhlola uxhumano lwakho.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlolwa kuthembekile, landela le mikhuba emihle kakhulu : xhuma ikhompyutha yakho ku-router usebenzisa ikhebula le-Ethernet , vala izinhlelo ezisebenzisa idatha (ama-backup amafu, ukusakaza, ukulanda), nqamula amanye amadivayisi kunethiwekhi, bese uphinda ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezahlukene zosuku . Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ubone ukuthi ijubane lehla kakhulu yini ngenxa yokuminyana ngesikhathi samahora aphezulu.

Uma ulinganisa nge-Wi-Fi bese ubona imiphumela emibi kakhulu kunokuxhumeka okunezintambo , inkinga kungenzeka kakhulu ohlangothini olungenantambo: ukuphazamiseka, ukugcwala kweziteshi, ibanga elide, izindonga ezijiyile, njll. Kuleso simo, kungaba ngumqondo omuhle ukushintsha isiteshi se-Wi-Fi, ukusebenzisa ibhendi ye-5 GHz lapho kungenzeka khona, noma ucabangele ukwelula isignali ngesistimu ye-mesh.

Ezindaweni zobuchwepheshe noma zezinkampani, kunezindlela ezithuthukisiwe zokusebenzisa njengoba iPerf, iNetperf noma i-qPerfLawa mathuluzi akuvumela ukuthi ulinganise umthamo wangempela phakathi kwamaphuzu amabili kunethiwekhi yangaphakathi, ulingise ithrafikhi, futhi uhlaziye ukusebenza ngaphansi komthwalo. Imiyalo efana ne ping y traceroute ukuhlola ukubambezeleka nokuthola izithiyo ezingaba khona endleleni eya kumaseva athile.

Ukulinganisa nokuqapha umkhawulokudonsa wenethiwekhi ezindaweni zobungcweti

Kumanethiwekhi ezinkampani, ukulinganisa i-bandwidth akuyona into eyenzeka kanye kuphela, kodwa inqubo yokuqapha eqhubekayo . Umgomo ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza, abasebenzisi, kanye nezingxenye zenethiwekhi ezisebenzisa amandla amaningi, ukuthola ukungalingani kwezokuphepha, nokuhlela ukwanda ngaphandle kokungena ngokungaboni.

Ukuqapha i-bandwidth kuvumela abaphathi ukuthi babeke phambili izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile (njenge-VoIP, imihlangano yevidiyo, noma izinhlelo zokuphatha amabhizinisi), bavimbele ithrafikhi engabalulekile noma engagunyaziwe ukuthi ivimbele inethiwekhi, bathole izithiyo , futhi bathole ukuziphatha okungavamile okungase kubonise ukuhlaselwa kwe-DDoS noma ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ze-malware.

Amasu amabili asetshenziswa kabanzi ekuqoqeni idatha yethrafikhi yi-SNMP kanye ne-NetFlow . Nge -SNMP , amathuluzi okuqapha abuza njalo amadivayisi enethiwekhi (ama-router, amaswishi) ngezibalo zokusetshenziswa kwezixhumi zawo, kufaka phakathi amabhayithi athunyelwe futhi amukelwe. Nge -NetFlow (kanye nezinhlobo ezifana ne-jFlow, i-sFlow, noma i-IPFIX), amadivayisi athumela ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nokuhamba kwethrafikhi: amakheli e-IP omthombo kanye nendawo oya kuyo, amachweba, iphrothokholi, isixhumi esibonakalayo esingenayo, kanye nekhwalithi yamanani enkonzo.

Ukuhlaziya lolu lwazi kwembula ukuthi ubani osebenzisa ini nokuthi nini : abathumeli abakhulu nabamukeli, amaphrothokholi asetshenziswa kakhulu, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivelele, iziqongo ze-bandwidth kanye nezigodi, njll. Amathuluzi ezentengiselwano afana ne-WhatsUp Gold, phakathi kwabanye, asebenzisa i-NetFlow kanye nedatha efanayo ukunikeza amagrafu, izexwayiso ezisekelwe kumkhawulo, kanye nemibiko yomlando ewusizo kakhulu ekuthetheleleni ukutshalwa kwezimali noma ukulungiswa kokulungiswa.

Ngaphezu kokusebenza, ukuqapha i-bandwidth kuyisihluthulelo sokuphepha . Ithrafikhi engavamile eya emachwebeni angajwayelekile, ukwanda okungazelelwe kokuxhumeka okuphumayo, noma ukugeleza okukhulu endaweni efanayo kungaveza ukutheleleka, ukufihlakala kwe-crypto, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingagunyaziwe (i-shadow IT), noma ukuhlaselwa kokunqatshelwa kwenkonzo.

Indlela i-bandwidth encishiswa futhi ikhokhiswa ngayo

Uma ubhalisela i-inthanethi yasekhaya, umhlinzeki uvame ukukuthengisela uhlelo olunomkhawulo wesivinini esiphezulu "ofika ku-X Mbps ." Lokhu kusho ukuthi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, uxhumano lwakho lungafinyelela leso sivinini, kodwa akuqinisekisiwe ukuthi uzohlala uphequlula ngaleso sivinini esiqondile . Isivinini sangempela sizohluka kuye ngesikhathi sosuku, ukuminyana kwenethiwekhi, ubuchwepheshe bokufinyelela, nezinye izici.

Ezweni lebhizinisi, izinkontileka zivame ukuba nzima kakhulu . Izinkampani zokuxhumana zinikeza izinsizakalo ezine- bandwidth encane eqinisekisiwe , izivumelwano zezinga lesevisi (ama-SLA) ezinesikhathi sokusebenza esizinikele kanye nezilinganiso zokusebenza ezithile. Lokhu kubalulekile kumabhizinisi athembele ekuxhumekeni emisebenzini yawo yansuku zonke.

Kukhona futhi imodeli yokukhokhisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-bandwidth, esikhundleni sesilinganiso esilinganiselwe. Isibonelo, umhlinzeki we-web hosting angase akhokhise iklayenti ngokusekelwe enanini ledatha elidluliselwa yisayithi labo phakathi nenyanga. Kulesi simo, ukulinganisa ngokunembile ukusetshenziswa kubalulekile ekulawuleni izindleko nasekukhetheni uhlelo olufanele.

Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni zobungcweti, ukwazi isivinini esilinganiselwe sesixhumanisi akwanele . Kubalulekile ukubuyekeza njalo imibiko yokusetshenziswa, ubone ukuthi umkhawulo ufinyelelwa njalo, bese unquma ukuthi kungcono yini ukuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa (izinto eziza kuqala, ukuhlukaniswa, ukugcinwa kwesikhashana) noma ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuthuthukisa nokuthenga umthamo owengeziwe.

Izinkinga ezivamile ezihlobene nomkhawulokudonsa

Uma i-bandwidth inganele, izimpawu zibonakala ngokushesha . Imisebenzi okufanele isheshe iqala ukuthatha isikhathi eside kakhulu, kuvela izikhathi zokulinda, kuvela amaphutha ohlelo lokusebenza, ama-backup ayahluleka, futhi, ngokuvamile, kuba nomuzwa wokuvilapha okuqhubekayo lapho usebenza nenethiwekhi.

Ku-VoIP (izingcingo ze-inthanethi), i-bandwidth elinganiselwe ibangela ikhwalithi yomsindo ephansi : umsindo ongacacile, ivolumu ephansi, ama-echoes, noma ngisho nezingcingo ezilahliwe. Izinhlelo eziningi zezwi zilungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ikhwalithi ngokusekelwe ku-bandwidth etholakalayo; lapho i-bandwidth iphansi kakhulu, ukuthembeka kuyancishwa ukuze kugcinwe ucingo, kuze kube yilapho lungasetshenziswa.

Izingcingo zevidiyo zinzima kakhulu kunezingcingo zezwi ngoba zihlanganisa umsindo nevidiyo ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngaphandle komkhawulokudonsa owanele, umphumela uba izithombe eziqandisiwe, ukulungiswa okuphansi, ukubambezeleka kwemizuzwana embalwa, futhi, esimweni esibi kakhulu, ukunqanyulwa okuphindaphindiwe. Amapulatifomu emihlangano yevidiyo athuthukisiwe alungisa ngokuguquguqukayo ukulungiswa kanye ne-bitrate ngokusekelwe kulokho okutholakalayo, kodwa kunomkhawulo ongokoqobo ongenakudlulwa.

Izinsizakalo zokusakaza, njengezinkundla zevidiyo ezifunwayo, nazo zinezidingo ezincane kakhulu . Isibonelo, okungenani ama-4 Mbps avame ukunconywa kuvidiyo ye-HD kanye nokunye okuningi kakhulu ku-4K. Abadlali abaningi basebenzisa i-buffering: balanda ingxenye yokuqukethwe kusengaphambili ukuze bakhokhele ukwehla kwesivinini okungenzeka okwesikhashana. Uma uxhumano luhamba kancane kakhulu, ividiyo izothatha isikhathi eside ukuqala noma izoma njalo ukuze iqhubeke ne-buffering.

Abadlali be-inthanethi nabo abavikelekile . Nakuba ukubambezeleka kuyipharamitha ebaluleke kakhulu yokudlala, umkhawulokudonsa onganele kungabangela ukubambezeleka kokuthumela nokwamukela idatha yomdlalo, okuholela ekungavumelanini, "ukuthunyelwa kwe-teleportation," kanye nokunqanyulwa kweseva. Izinhlangano ezifana ne-FCC zincome isivinini esincane esingaba ngu-4 Mbps emidlalweni yabadlali abaningi ye-HD yesikhathi sangempela, yize empeleni, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuxhumana okuzinzile okungagcwali kakhulu ezinye izindlela.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, ukuba ne-bandwidth eningi kakhulu akuvamile ukubangela izinkinga zobuchwepheshe . Okuwukuphela kwenkinga yizezimali: ukukhokhela umthamo ongaphezu kwalokho okudingayo empeleni kungase kungabi wusizo. Isihluthulelo usayizi ofanele: ukuqinisekisa i-margin efanelekile yokwanda kwethrafikhi, kodwa ngaphandle kokukhulisa umugqa ngokweqile.

Esinye isitha sokusetshenziswa kahle kwe-bandwidth ukubambezeleka okuphezulu . Ngisho noma kunesixhumanisi esinamandla aphezulu, uma amaphakethe ethatha isikhathi eside ukuhamba aye futhi abuye kunethiwekhi, inethiwekhi ngeke igcwalise kahle, futhi i-goodput esebenzayo izoncipha. Lokhu kwenzeka, isibonelo, kuzixhumanisi zesathelayithi noma lapho kuneziningi ze-intermediate hops ezilungisiwe kabi.

Udinga i-bandwidth engakanani ngempela?

Akukho sibalo esisodwa somkhawulokudonsa womlingo esisebenza kuwo wonke umuntu . Okuzodingeka kuncike enanini labantu ekhaya lakho noma ehhovisi, ukuthi zingaki amadivayisi axhunyiwe ngesikhathi esisodwa, kanye nohlobo lwemisebenzi oyenzayo.

Ezinye izinkomba zomndeni ojwayelekile zingaba:

• I-5-10 Mbps: abantu ababili abasebenzisa izinto ezilula kakhulu (ukuphequlula, i-imeyili, amanethiwekhi omphakathi, ividiyo ethile esezingeni eliphansi).
• I-15-25 Mbps: abasebenzisi abangafika kwabangu-2-3 abanokusebenzisa okunamandla: ukusakaza i-HD, imidlalo eku-inthanethi ngezikhathi ezithile, izingcingo zevidiyo ezingavamile.
• I-50-100 Mbps: amakhaya anamadivayisi amaningi axhunyiwe ngesikhathi esisodwa, ukusakaza okunencazelo ephezulu kuma-TV amaningi, ukusebenza ngocingo, amakilasi aku-inthanethi.
• Ngaphezu kwe-100 Mbps: uma wenza ukusakaza okuningana kwe-4K, udlala ku-inthanethi ngokungathi sína, ulayisha amafayela amaningi amakhulu, noma usebenza nsuku zonke ngamathuluzi asekelwe efwini.

Emakhaya axhumene kakhulu noma emahhovisi amancane anabasebenzi abaningi , akuvamile ukubona ukuxhumana okungu- 300 Mbps, 600 Mbps, noma ngisho ne-1 Gbps . Kuleso simo, okubalulekile akuyona nje i-bandwidth eluhlaza, kodwa futhi nekhwalithi ye-router, ikhebula langaphakathi, kanye nekhono lokuhlukanisa inethiwekhi ngomnyango noma ukusetshenziswa ukuvimbela ithrafikhi ukuthi ingaphazamisani.

Ngaphambi kokuthuthukisa uhlelo lwakho lwe-inthanethi ngokuphazima kweso ngoba inethiwekhi "iyahamba kancane ," kufanelekile ukuhlola ukusetha kwakho: qiniseka ukuthi i-router yakho ayinamandla anele, izintambo zanele, i-Wi-Fi ayixinene, futhi azikho izinqubo zangemuva ezihlanganisa i-bandwidth (ukwenza izipele ngokuzenzakalelayo, izibuyekezo, amakhamera e-IP alayisha ividiyo efwini, njll.). Ngokuvamile, ukwenza kahle lezi zici kuzokongela okungaphezu kokwengeza idatha eyengeziwe.

Kunoma ikuphi, ukukhetha uxhumano lwe-fiber optic (FTTH) uma lutholakala kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuqinisekisa ukuthi i-bandwidth izinzile, ngokushintshashintsha okuncane kuye ngesikhathi sosuku kanye nokubambezeleka okuphansi, okuthuthukisa kokubili ukulandwa okukhulu kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zesikhathi sangempela.

Indlela yokwandisa nokuthuthukisa i-bandwidth yakho

Uma ubona ukuthi uxhumano lwakho alukwazi ukusetshenziswa , kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ngaphambi (nangemva) kokubiza umqhubi wakho ukuthi athuthukise uhlelo lwakho.

Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuhlola ihadiwe yakho : i-router eneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-4-5 ubudala noma ene -firmware esiphelelwe yisikhathi ingaba yinselele, ikakhulukazi uma unoxhumano lwe-inthanethi olusheshayo. Ukuyishintsha ngemodeli yesimanje ngesizukulwane sakamuva se-Wi-Fi kuvame ukwenza umehluko omkhulu. Kuyasiza futhi ukusebenzisa izintambo ze-Ethernet zesigaba 6 noma ngaphezulu , futhi uma ikhaya lakho likhulu noma linezindonga eziningi, ukufaka ama-repeater noma izinhlelo ze-mesh kuzoqinisekisa ukumbozwa okuhle kuwo wonke amakamelo.

Okulandelayo, kufanelekile ukubheka izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi yakho . Nika amandla futhi ulungise i-QoS ku-router yakho ukuze ibeke phambili ithrafikhi ebalulekile (izingcingo zevidiyo, i-VoIP, imidlalo), khetha iziteshi ze-Wi-Fi ezingaxinene kakhulu , hlukanisa amanethiwekhi ezivakashi kunethiwekhi eyinhloko, futhi, lapho kungenzeka khona, khawulela noma uhlele ukulanda okuzenzakalelayo ukuthi kwenzeke ekuseni kakhulu.

Esinye isinyathelo esilula ukugwema ukugcwala okungadingekile : hlela ama-backup e-cloud ngaphandle kwamahora okusebenza, misa i-torrents lapho othile esemhlanganweni obalulekile, vala amathebhu nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidlala ividiyo ngemuva noma ezisebenzisa idatha ngokungadingekile, futhi uxhumane kancane nabanye abasebenzisi benethiwekhi.

Ngisho nangemva kokwenza konke lokhu kube ngcono, uma inethiwekhi yakho isahluleka , cishe kuzodingeka uthuthukele ohlelweni olune-bandwidth eyengeziwe . Ngaleso sikhathi, kungumqondo omuhle ukuqhathanisa okunikezwayo kwangempela, hlola ukuthi isivinini sokulayisha sanele yini kulokho okwenzayo (ukulayisha amavidiyo, ukuthumela okunamathiselwe okukhulu, umsebenzi onzima wokude), futhi uqaphele izithembiso "ezifika ku-X Mbps" ngaphandle kweziqinisekiso ezincane.

Izinsizakalo zemihlangano yevidiyo yobungcweti zisebenzisa amasu okwenza ngcono i-bandwidth ngokuzenzakalelayo: ipulatifomu ihlaziya uxhumano lwakho ngesikhathi sangempela futhi ilungisa ikhwalithi yevidiyo nomsindo ukuze kuncishiswe ukuphazamiseka. Uma inethiwekhi iminyene, yehlisa isinqumo ukuze kugcinwe ucingo oluzinzile; uma ithola i-bandwidth eyengeziwe etholakalayo, iyayandisa. Lolu hlobo lokuphatha okuhlakaniphile luvumela imihlangano ukuthi isetshenziswe ngisho nokuxhumana okungaphelele.

Ukuqonda i-bandwidth njengomthombo onqunyelwe odinga ukuphathwa — njengogesi, amanzi, noma indawo yokugcina izinto — kukusiza ukuthi uthole okuningi kuwo. Ukwazi ukuthi iyini, ikalwa kanjani, ukuthi iyithinta kanjani, nokuthi ungayithuthukisa kanjani kwenza kube lula ukukhetha uhlelo olufanele, ukumisa kahle inethiwekhi yakho, nokugwema izinkinga eziningi zakudala "ze-inthanethi yami imbi kakhulu" ezibangela amakhanda amaningi ekhaya nasehhovisi.