Kuyini i-bandwidth nokuthi ungayilinganisa kanjani ekuxhumekeni kwakho

Informatec Digital » Izinsiza » Kuyini i-bandwidth nokuthi ungayilinganisa kanjani ekuxhumekeni kwakho

Ukuqonda ngokugcwele ukuthi iyini i-bandwidth, ilinganiswa kanjani, nokuthi ithuthukiswa kanjani Akuyona nje eyabantu abanolwazi lwezokuxhumana; uma wazi ukuthi ungayichaza kanjani, uzokwazi ukukhetha uhlelo lwakho kangcono. thola ukuthi uma umqhubi wakho engalethi yini, nquma ukuthi udinga ukushintsha i-router yakho noma umane ulungise inethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya ukuze iyeke ukuhamba kancane lapho yonke indlu ixhuma ngesikhathi esisodwa.

I-athikili ehlobene:

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Iyini ngempela i-bandwidth?

Ngokombono wamanethiwekhi edatha, i-bandwidth iyinani eliphezulu lokudlulisa enokuxhumana ngaphakathi kwesikhathi esithile. Ngamanye amazwi, inani eliphezulu ledatha elingageleza phakathi kwedivayisi yakho nenethiwekhi ngomzuzwana owodwa. Ngokuvamile ivezwa ku izingcezu ngomzuzwana (b/s) futhi, njengoba leyo yunithi ihluleka, kusetshenziswa iziphindaphindo zayo: Ama-Kbps, ama-Mbps, ama-Gbps noma ngisho nama-Tbps ngezixhumanisi ezisheshayo kakhulu.

Indlela ebonakalayo yokuqonda lokhu ukucabanga ngomgwaqo noma ipayipi lamanzi.I-bandwidth ifana nenani lemizila noma ubukhulu bepayipi: lapho imizila miningi noma ubukhulu bukhula, kulapho izimoto noma amalitha amaningi angadlula khona ngesikhathi esisodwa. Isimiso esifanayo siyasebenza kumanethiwekhi: nge-bandwidth eyengeziwe, ungadlulisela idatha eyengeziwe ngesikhathi esisodwa, okuholela ekulandeni okusheshayo, ekusakazeni okushelelayo, kanye nezimpikiswano ezimbalwa nge-Wi-Fi ekhaya.

Ekuxhumaneni kwanamuhla kwe i-fiber optic (FTTH), i-bandwidth etholakalayo iphakeme kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nobuchwepheshe obudala njenge-ADSL noma ikhebula lethusi. Lokhu akusho nje kuphela umthamo owengeziwe, kodwa futhi nokuzinza okukhulu: ijubane lihlala linjalo kakhulu, ngisho nangesikhathi sokusebenza kakhulu.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-bandwidth "iwumthamo omkhulu wethiyori"akuyona into oyisebenzisayo ngempela nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ukuxhumeka kwakho kungase kulinganiswe ngama-600 Mbps, kodwa uma ubuka ividiyo ye-HD efonini yakho njengamanje, cishe usebenzisa ingxenye encane kakhulu yalowo mthamo.

I-bandwidth kumaza omsakazo, ikhompyutha kanye ne-WiFi

Umqondo we-bandwidth awuzange uvele kwi-inthanethiEkuqaleni, kungokwensimu ye amaza e-analog kanye nezimpawuKulo mongo, ububanzi be-bandwidth yesignali buwububanzi bemvamisa lapho iningi lamandla ayo ligxilile khona. Lilinganiswa ku i-hertz (Hz) futhi ibhekisela kumafrikhwensi aphakathi kwamaphoyinti amabili okusika lapho isignali isenezinga lamandla eliwusizo.

Lapho leli gama liqala ukusebenza njengekhompyutha kanye namanethiwekhi, yaguqulwa ukuze ichaze inani ledatha elingadluliselwa ngeyunithi yesikhathiakusekho ku-Hz, kodwa ngama-bits ngomzuzwana. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, uma sikhuluma nge-bandwidth yenethiwekhi noma i-bandwidth yedijithali, sibhekisela kulelo khono lokudlulisa ulwazi phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezimbili.

Amanethiwekhi e-WiFi ahlanganisa ngokoqobo womabili amazweNgakolunye uhlangothi, sine-bandwidth ku-hertz (ububanzi bemvamisa etholakalayo ku-spectrum yomsakazo), kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-bandwidth ngama-bits ngomzuzwana (inani ledatha esingayidlulisela sisebenzisa lawo ma-frequency). Amanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi asekhaya ngokuvamile asebenza ku- 2,4 GHz futhi I-5 GHzIbhendi ye-5 GHz ineziteshi eziningi kanye nomkhawulokudonsa omkhulu we-spectral, okuvumela ukuthutha ulwazi olwengeziwe nokufinyelela amazinga aphezulu edatha, ngezindleko zokumbozwa okuncane.

Isignali ye-WiFi ihlelwe ngeziteshi.Futhi yilapho izinkinga zingavela khona: uma uhlala esakhiweni samafulethi futhi ama-router amaningi aseduze esebenzisa isiteshi esifanayo, ukuphazamiseka kwenzeka futhi i-bandwidth ephumelelayo iyawa. Ngokufinyelela izilungiselelo ze-router yakho (ngokubonisana nencwadi yayo noma umhlinzeki wakho wesevisi ye-inthanethi), ungakwazi shintsha isiteshi se-WiFi ngesandla ukukhetha engagcwele kakhulu futhi uthole amandla angempela.

Umehluko phakathi komkhawulokudonsa, isivinini, ukubambezeleka, kanye ne-broadband

Elinye lamaphutha avame kakhulu ukudideka i-bandwidth nesivinini se-inthanethiNakuba izikhangiso eziningi zizisebenzisa ngokushintshana, azifani ncamashi. I-bandwidth umthamo omkhulu we-"pipe" yedatha, kuyilapho isivinini singu izinga langempela lapho idatha idluliselwa khona ngesikhathi esithileUngase ube nesivinini esinciphile esingu-300 Mbps, kodwa uma okwamanje ulanda ku-80 Mbps, leso isivinini sakho esisebenzayo.

Ijubane langempela lincike ezintweni eziningiIzici ezifana nenani lamadivayisi abelana ngoxhumano, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzisa idatha, ukuminyana kwenethiwekhi, ibanga eliya kuseva, njll., zingathinta i-bandwidth. Ngakho-ke, i-bandwidth ephezulu ayiqinisekisi ukuthi uzohlala ubona isivinini esiphezulu esinqunyiwe ezivivinyweni.

Ukubambezeleka kungenye indlela ehlukile kodwa ebaluleke ngokulinganayoNakuba i-bandwidth ibhekisela ekutheni ungadlulisela malini, ukubambezeleka kulinganisa isikhathi esithathayo ukuze iphakethe ledatha lihambe lisuka kukhompyutha yakho liye endaweni yalo futhi libuyele emuvaIlinganiswa ngama-millisecond (ms). Inethiwekhi ene-bandwidth ephezulu kodwa ukubambezeleka okuphezulu kungaba yiphupho elibi kumakholi wevidiyo nemidlalo eku-inthanethi: idatha ifika sekwephuzile, futhi uzobona ukubambezeleka lapho ukhuluma noma uhambisa umlingiswa wakho esikrinini.

Uma sibuyela esifanisweni somgwaqoI-bandwidth ingaba inani lemizila, kanye ne-latency isikhathi esithatha imoto ukuhamba ibanga eliphakathi kokuhamba nokufika. Imoto ingahamba emgwaqweni omkhulu (i-bandwidth ephezulu), kodwa uma kukhona ukuminyana kwezimoto, amarobhothi, noma izindlela eziphambukayo (i-latency ephansi kanye nokuminyana), kusazothatha isikhathi eside ukufika.

Okwamanje, i-Broadband iyindlela yokumaketha kanye nokulawula.Isetshenziselwa ukubhekisela ku- uxhumano lwe-inthanethi olusheshayo ezidlula umkhawulo othile womthamo omncane. ESpain, isibonelo, i-broadband engaguquki ibhekwa njengeqala ngesivinini sokulanda esingama-30 Mbps. Okusho ukuthi, i-broadband "uhlobo" lokuxhumeka okusheshayo; i-bandwidth inani elithile ledatha uxhumano olungalihambisa ngomzuzwana.

Indlela i-bandwidth esebenza ngayo kunethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya

Ekhaya, konke kuzungeza i-router.Yilesi sikhathi lapho uxhumano lwakho nomhlinzeki (i-fiber, ikhebula, i-ADSL, i-4G/5G ehleliwe…) lusatshalaliswa khona phakathi kwamadivayisi akho: amakhompyutha, amaselula, ama-Smart TV, ama-consoles, izipikha ezihlakaniphile, amakhamera e-IP, ukuzenzekela kwasekhaya, njll. Zonke zine-bandwidth efanayo evunyelwene ngayo.

Uma amakhompyutha amaningi esebenzisa i-inthanethi ngesikhathi esisodwaI-bandwidth ihlukaniswe phakathi kwabo. Uma isamba sezicelo zabo sisondela noma sidlula umthamo otholakalayo, kuvela i-buffer ukuminyanaUkulanda kuyehla, amavidiyo ayayeka ukulayisha, amakholi evidiyo ayancishiswa noma anqunywe, imidlalo iyabambezeleka... kanye nemibuzo ethi "ubani olanda okuthile?" iqala ekhaya.

Ama-router esimanje avame ukufaka izici zokuphathwa kwethrafikhi (i-QoS, ikhwalithi yesevisi). Ngabo, ungakwazi beka phambili izinhlobo ezithile zethrafikhi (isibonelo, izingcingo zevidiyo noma imidlalo eku-inthanethi) uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye ezingabalulekile kangako (ukulanda okukhulu, amakhophi agciniwe, izibuyekezo zangemuva). Ngale ndlela, ngisho noma kunomkhawulokudonsa olinganiselwe, imisebenzi ezwela ukuphazamiseka ihlala izinzile.

Inethiwekhi yakho yendawo ingaphinde ikhawulele umkhawulokudonsa wakho osebenzayoI-router endala, izintambo ze-Ethernet zezinga eliphansi, ama-adaptha enethiwekhi aphelelwe yisikhathi, noma indawo yokufinyelela ye-Wi-Fi engafanele ingakuvimbela ngisho nokusondela ekusebenziseni i-bandwidth yakho evunyelwene ngayo. Sivame ukusola umhlinzeki uma inkinga isemishini yethu.

Ukuze uthole okuningi kusixhumanisi, kungakuhle usebenzise Ukuxhumeka kwezintambo ze-Ethernet Kumadivayisi ayisihluthulelo (i-PC yomsebenzi, ikhonsoli, i-smart TV), beka i-router endaweni emaphakathi futhi ephakemeGwema ukuyifihla emakhabetheni avaliwe, futhi uma idivayisi yakho ine-dual-band, sebenzisa ibhendi engu-5 GHz ngalokho okusebenzisa amandla amaningi bese kushiya i-2,4 GHz yamaselula akude kanye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela ekhaya.

Amayunithi: ama-bits, ama-byte, i-Mb/s, i-MB/s nokuthi kungani kunokudideka okungaka

Elinye lamaphuzu anika abantu ubuhlungu obukhulu kakhulu Kumayelana nokuqonda ukuthi kungani umhlinzeki wakho we-inthanethi ekhuluma nge-Mbps kodwa isiphequluli sakho noma umphathi wokulanda ubonisa isivinini ku-MB/s. Isihluthulelo ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwazo. i-bit (b) kanye ne-byte (B)Ibhayithi yakhiwe 8 izingcezu, futhi iningi lesitoreji namafayela lilinganiswa ngama-byte, kuyilapho amanethiwekhi evame ukuvezwa ngama-bits.

Kumanethiwekhi sivame ukusebenzisa i-Kb/s, i-Mb/s noma i-Gb/s (ama-kilobits, ama-megabits nama-gigabits ngomzuzwana)Ngokuphambene nalokho, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezilanda amafayela zivame ukubonisa isivinini ku-KB/s, MB/s, noma GB/s (ama-kilobytes, ama-megabytes, nama-gigabytes ngomzuzwana). Njengoba i-1 B = 8 b, uxhumano lwe-200 Mb/s luvumela, okungcono kakhulu, ukulandwa kwe- I-25 MB / s (200 ihlukaniswe ngo-8).

Ezinye izinto ezibhekisela kuzo ezifanelana nokucaciswa:

• 1 b/s = 1 bit ngomzuzwana
• 1Kb/s ≈ amabhithi ayi-1.000 ngomzuzwana
• I-1 Mb / s ≈ amabhithi ayi-1.000.000 ngomzuzwana
• 1 Gbps ≈ amabhithi ayi-1.000.000.000 ngomzuzwana

Uma ubona izikhangiso ezifana nokuthi “i-fiber engu-600 Mb”Bakhuluma nge 600 megabit ngomzuzwanaIsivinini sokulanda osibona kuma-megabyte sizoba cishe yilelo nani lihlukaniswe ngo-8, kususwe ukulahlekelwa okuncane ngenxa yezinqubo kanye nama-header. Yingakho kuyinto evamile ukuthi isiphequluli sakho sibonise "ama-megabyte ngomzuzwana" ambalwa kunesivinini esikhangisiwe.

Indlela yokukala umkhawulokudonsa wokuxhumeka kwakho

Ukulinganisa i-bandwidth yakho yangempela kubalulekile ukuze wazi ukuthi uxhumano lwakho lusebenza kahle yini.Akwanele ukuthembela esivivinyweni esikhangisiwe; kufanele uhlole ukuthi yini ngempela oyitholayo ekhaya lakho noma ehhovisi.

Indlela elula ukusebenzisa isivivinyo sejubane esiku-inthanethiAmawebhusayithi afana ne-Speedtest.net, Fast.com, nPerf, noma ngisho nokuhlolwa okunikezwa yi-Google uqobo uma usesha "ukuhlolwa kwesivinini" akukhombisa isivinini sokulanda, isivinini sokulayisha, kanye nokubambezelekaAbaqhubi abaningi banikeza nokuhlolwa kwabo ukuhlola imigqa yakho.

Ukuze isivivinyo sibe esithembekile, kumele kulandelwe imikhuba embalwa emihle.Xhuma ikhompyutha yakho ku-router nge ikhebula le-ethernetVala izinhlelo ezisebenzisa idatha (ukusekela ama-cloud, ukusakaza, ukulanda), nqamula amanye amadivayisi kunethiwekhi, bese uphinda isivivinyo. ngezikhathi ezahlukene zosukuNgale ndlela ungabona ukuthi ijubane lehla kakhulu yini ngesikhathi samahora aphezulu ngenxa yokuminyana.

Uma ulinganisa nge-WiFi bese ubona imiphumela emibi kakhulu kunangekhebulaInkinga kungenzeka kakhulu ngokuxhumeka okungenantambo: ukuphazamiseka, ukugcwala kweziteshi, ibanga elide, izindonga ezijiyile, njll. Kuleso simo, kungaba ngumqondo omuhle ukushintsha isiteshi se-Wi-Fi, ukusebenzisa ibhendi ye-5 GHz lapho kungenzeka khona, noma ucabangele ukwelula isignali ngesistimu ye-mesh.

Ezindaweni zobuchwepheshe noma zezinkampani, kunezindlela ezithuthukisiwe zokusebenzisa njengoba iPerf, iNetperf noma i-qPerfLawa mathuluzi akuvumela ukuthi ulinganise umthamo wangempela phakathi kwamaphuzu amabili kunethiwekhi yangaphakathi, ulingise ithrafikhi, futhi uhlaziye ukusebenza ngaphansi komthwalo. Imiyalo efana ne ping y traceroute ukuhlola ukubambezeleka nokuthola izithiyo ezingaba khona endleleni eya kumaseva athile.

Ukulinganisa nokuqapha umkhawulokudonsa wenethiwekhi ezindaweni zobungcweti

Kumanethiwekhi ezinkampani, ukulinganisa i-bandwidth akuyona into eyenzeka kanye kuphela, kodwa inqubo yokuqapha eqhubekayo.Umgomo ukuhlonza ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza, abasebenzisi, kanye nezingxenye zenethiwekhi ezisebenzisa amandla amaningi, ukubona ukungalingani kwezokuphepha, nokuhlela ukunwetshwa ngaphandle kokungena ngokungaboni.

Ukuqapha i-bandwidth kuvumela abaphathi ukwabela kuqala izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile (njenge-VoIP, i-videoconferencing, noma izinhlelo zokuphatha amabhizinisi), kuvimbela ithrafikhi engabalulekile noma engagunyaziwe ukuthi ivimbele inethiwekhi, thola amabhodlela futhi uthole ukuziphatha okungavamile okungase kubonise ukuhlaselwa kwe-DDoS noma ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ze-malware.

Izindlela ezimbili ezisetshenziswa kabanzi zokuqoqa idatha yethrafikhi yi-SNMP kanye ne-NetFlow. Nge SNMPAmathuluzi okuqapha abuza njalo amadivayisi enethiwekhi (ama-router, amaswishi) ngezibalo zokusetshenziswa ku-interface yawo, okuhlanganisa ama-byte athunyelwe namukelwe. I-NetFlow (kanye nezinhlobo ezifana ne-jFlow, i-sFlow noma i-IPFIX), imishini ithumela ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana "nokugeleza" kwethrafikhi: amakheli e-IP omthombo nendawo oya kuyo, amachweba, iphrothokholi, isikhombimsebenzisi sokufaka kanye nekhwalithi yamanani enkonzo.

Ukuhlaziya lolu lwazi kwembula ukuthi ubani osebenzisa ini futhi niniAbathumeli nabamukeli abayinhloko, amaphrothokholi asetshenziswa kakhulu, izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinhloko, iziqongo ze-bandwidth kanye nezigodi, njll. Amathuluzi ezentengiselwano afana ne-WhatsUp Gold, phakathi kwabanye, asebenzisa i-NetFlow kanye nenkampani ukunikeza amagrafu, izexwayiso ezisekelwe emkhawulweni kanye nemibiko yomlando ewusizo kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukutshalwa kwezimali noma ukulungisa izilungiselelo.

Ngaphezu kokusebenza, ukuqapha i-bandwidth kuyisihluthulelo sokuphephaIthrafikhi engavamile eya emachwebeni angavamile, ukwanda okungazelelwe kokuxhumeka okuphumayo, noma ukugeleza okukhulu endaweni efanayo kungabonisa ukutheleleka, ukuchithwa kwe-cryptomining okufihliwe, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingagunyaziwe (i-shadow IT), noma ukuphika ukuhlaselwa kwezinsizakalo.

Indlela i-bandwidth encishiswa futhi ikhokhiswa ngayo

Uma ubhalisela i-inthanethi yasekhaya, umqhubi uvame ukukuthengisela uhlelo olunomkhawulo ophezulu "ofika ku-X Mbps"Lokho kusho ukuthi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, ukuxhumana kwakho kungafinyelela lelo nani, kodwa Akuqinisekisiwe ukuthi uzohlala uphequlula ngaleso sivinini esiqondile.Isivinini sangempela sizohluka kuye ngesikhathi sosuku, ukuminyana kwenethiwekhi, ubuchwepheshe bokufinyelela, nezinye izici.

Ezweni lebhizinisi, izivumelwano zivame ukuba nzima kakhulu.Izinkampani zokuxhumana zinikeza izinsizakalo nge umkhawulokudonsa omncane oqinisekisiweIzivumelwano zezinga lesevisi (ama-SLA) ezinesikhathi sokusebenza esizinikele kanye nezilinganiso zokusebenza ezithile zibalulekile kumabhizinisi athembele ekuxhumekeni emisebenzini yawo yansuku zonke.

Kukhona futhi imodeli yokukhokhisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-bandwidth. esikhundleni sesilinganiso esilinganiselwe. Isibonelo, umhlinzeki we-web hosting angase akhokhise ikhasimende ngokusekelwe enanini ledatha elidluliselwe yisayithi labo phakathi nenyanga. Kulesi simo, ukulinganisa ngokunembile ukusetshenziswa kubalulekile ekulawuleni izindleko kanye nokulinganisa izinhlelo ezifanele.

Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni zobungcweti, ukwazi isivinini esijwayelekile sesixhumanisi akwanele.Kuyadingeka ukubuyekeza imibiko yokusetshenziswa njalo, ubone ukuthi umkhawulo ufinyelelwa njalo yini, bese unquma ukuthi kungcono yini ukuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa (izinto eziza kuqala, ukuhlukaniswa, ukugcinwa kwesikhashana) noma ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokukhuphuka izinga nokunciphisa umthamo owengeziwe.

Izinkinga ezivamile ezihlobene nomkhawulokudonsa

Uma i-bandwidth inganele, izimpawu zibonakala ngokushesha.Imisebenzi okufanele isheshe iqala ukuthatha isikhathi eside kakhulu, kuvela izikhathi zokulinda, kuvela amaphutha ohlelo lokusebenza, ama-backup ayahluleka, futhi, ngokuvamile, kuba nomuzwa wokuhamba kancane njalo lapho usebenza nenethiwekhi.

Ku-VoIP (izingcingo ze-inthanethi), i-bandwidth ephansi ibangela ikhwalithi yomsindo ephansiUmsindo ongacacile, ivolumu ephansi, ama-echo, noma ngisho namakholi awehlisiwe. Izinhlelo eziningi zezwi zilungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ikhwalithi ngokusekelwe kumthamo otholakalayo; uma lo mthamo uphansi kakhulu, ukwethembeka kuyancishwa ukuze kugcinwe ucingo, kuze kube yilapho lungasetshenziswa.

Izingcingo zevidiyo zinzima kakhulu kunezingcingo zezwi.Ngoba zihlanganisa umsindo nevidiyo ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngaphandle komkhawulokudonsa owanele, umphumela uba izithombe eziqandisiwe, ukulungiswa okuphansi, ukubambezeleka kwemizuzwana embalwa, futhi, esimweni esibi kakhulu, ukunqanyulwa okuphindaphindiwe. Amapulatifomu e-videoconferencing athuthukisiwe alungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukulungiswa kanye ne-bitrate ngokusekelwe kulokho okutholakalayo, kodwa kunomkhawulo ongokoqobo ongenakudlulwa.

Izinsizakalo zokusakaza, njengezinkundla zevidiyo ezifunwayo, nazo zinezidingo ezincane kakhulu.Isibonelo, okungenani 4 Mbps yevidiyo ye-HD Futhi nakakhulu nge-4K. Abadlali abaningi basebenzisa i-buffering: balanda ingxenye yokuqukethwe kusengaphambili ukuze bakhokhele ukwehla kwesivinini okungenzeka okwesikhashana. Uma uxhumano luhamba kancane kakhulu, ividiyo izothatha isikhathi eside ukuqala noma izoma njalo ukuze iqhubeke nokugcwalisa i-buffer.

Abadlali be-inthanethi nabo abakhululekile.Nakuba ukubambezeleka kuyipharamitha ebaluleke kakhulu yokudlala imidlalo, ukuntuleka komkhawulokudonsa kungabangela ukubambezeleka kokuthumela nokwamukela ulwazi lomdlalo, okuholela ekungavumelanini, "ukuthunyelwa kwe-teleportation," kanye nokukhahlela kweseva. Izinhlangano ezifana ne-FCC zize zancoma isivinini esincane esiseduze ne-4 Mbps emidlalweni yabadlali abaningi yesikhathi sangempela ku-HD, yize empeleni into ebalulekile ukuthi umugqa uzinzile futhi awugcwele ezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, ukuba ne-bandwidth eningi kakhulu akuvamile ukubangela izinkinga zobuchwephesheOkuwukuphela kwenkinga yimali: ukukhokhela umthamo omkhulu kunalokho okudingayo kungase kungabi wusizo. Isihluthulelo usayizi ofanele: ukuqinisekisa i-margin efanelekile yeziqongo zethrafikhi, kodwa ngaphandle kokwandisa umugqa ngokweqile.

Esinye isitha sokusetshenziswa kahle kwe-bandwidth ukubambezeleka okuphezuluNgisho noma kunesixhumanisi esinamandla amakhulu, uma amaphakethe ethatha isikhathi eside ukuhamba aye futhi abuye kunethiwekhi, inethiwekhi ngeke igcwale kahle futhi i-throughput esebenzayo (i-goodput) izoncipha. Lokhu kwenzeka, isibonelo, ku izixhumanisi zesathelayithi noma uma kunezindlela eziningi zokugxuma eziphakathi ezingalungiswanga kahle.

Udinga i-bandwidth engakanani ngempela?

Ayikho inombolo eyodwa yomkhawulokudonsa womlingo osebenzela wonke umuntuOkuzodingeka kuncike enanini labantu endlini noma ehhovisi, ukuthi zingaki amadivayisi axhunyiwe ngesikhathi esisodwa, kanye nohlobo lwemisebenzi oyenzayo.

Ezinye izinkomba zemindeni evamile kungaba:

• I-5-10 Mbps: abantu ababili abasebenzisa izinto ezilula kakhulu (ukuphequlula, i-imeyili, amanethiwekhi omphakathi, ividiyo ethile esezingeni eliphansi).
• I-15-25 Mbps: abasebenzisi abangafika kwabangu-2-3 abanokusebenzisa okunamandla: ukusakaza i-HD, imidlalo eku-inthanethi ngezikhathi ezithile, izingcingo zevidiyo ezingavamile.
• I-50-100 Mbps: amakhaya anamadivayisi amaningi axhunyiwe ngesikhathi esisodwa, ukusakaza okunencazelo ephezulu kuma-TV amaningi, ukusebenza ngocingo, amakilasi aku-inthanethi.
• Ngaphezu kwe-100 Mbps: uma wenza ukusakaza okuningana kwe-4K, udlala ku-inthanethi ngokungathi sína, ulayisha amafayela amaningi amakhulu, noma usebenza nsuku zonke ngamathuluzi asekelwe efwini.

Uma sibheka izindlu ezixhumene kakhulu noma amahhovisi amancane anabasebenzi abaningiAkuvamile ukubona ukuxhumana phakathi 300 Mbps, 600 Mbps noma ngisho ne-1 GbpsKuleso simo, okubalulekile akuyona nje i-bandwidth eluhlaza, kodwa ikhwalithi ye-router, ikhebula langaphakathi, kanye nekhono lokuhlukanisa inethiwekhi ngeminyango noma ukusetshenziswa ukuze ithrafikhi ingaphazamisi omunye nomunye.

Ngaphambi kokuthi unyuse intela yakho ngokunganaki ngoba inethiwekhi "iyahamba kancane"Kuhle ukuhlola ukusetha kwakho: qiniseka ukuthi i-router yakho ayinamandla anele, ukuthi izintambo zanele, ukuthi i-Wi-Fi ayixinene, nokuthi azikho izinqubo zangemuva ezihlanganisa i-bandwidth (ukwenza izipele ngokuzenzakalelayo, izibuyekezo, amakhamera e-IP alayisha ividiyo efwini, njll.). Ngokuvamile, ukwenza ngcono lezi zici kusebenza kangcono kunokwandisa nje isabelo sakho sedatha.

Kunoma ikuphi, khetha uxhumano lwe-fiber optic (FTTH) uma selutholakala. Kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuqinisekisa ukuthi Umkhawulokudonsa ozinzile, ngokushintshashintsha okuncane kuye ngesikhathi sosuku kanye nokubambezeleka okuphansi, okuthuthukisa kokubili ukulandwa okuningi kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zesikhathi sangempela.

Indlela yokwandisa nokuthuthukisa i-bandwidth yakho

Uma ubona ukuthi uxhumano lwakho alusebenzi kahleKunezinto eziningana ongazenza ngaphambi (nangemva) kokushayela inkampani yakho yenethiwekhi ukuze uthuthukise uhlelo lwakho.

Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukuhlola ihadiwe.i-router eneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-4-5 ubudala noma ene- i-firmware ephelelwe yisikhathi Kungaba yisithiyo, ikakhulukazi uma unoxhumano lwe-inthanethi olusheshayo. Ukuyifaka esikhundleni semodeli yesimanje nge-Wi-Fi yakamuva kuvame ukwenza umehluko omkhulu. Kuyasiza futhi ukuyisebenzisa Izintambo ze-Ethernet zesigaba 6 noma ngaphezulu Futhi, uma indlu inkulu noma inezindonga eziningi, faka izinhlelo zokuphindaphinda noma ze-mesh ukuze ukumbozwa kufinyelele kuwo wonke amakamelo kusesimweni esihle.

Ngemuva kwalokho, kufanelekile ukubheka ukucushwa kwenethiwekhi.Yenza kusebenze futhi ulungise QoS Ku-router, ukuze ubeke phambili ithrafikhi ebalulekile (izingcingo zevidiyo, i-VoIP, imidlalo), khetha iziteshi ze-WiFi ezingaxinene kakhuluHlukanisa amanethiwekhi ezivakashi kunethiwekhi eyinhloko, futhi lapho kungenzeka khona, khawulela noma uhlele ukulanda okuzenzakalelayo ukuthi kwenzeke ekuseni kakhulu.

Esinye isinyathelo esilula ukugwema ukugcwala okungadingekileHlela ama-backup e-cloud ngaphandle kwamahora okusebenza, misa i-torrent lapho othile esemhlanganweni obalulekile, vala amathebhu nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidlala ividiyo ngemuva noma ezisebenzisa idatha ngokungadingekile, futhi uxhumane kancane nabanye abasebenzisi kunethiwekhi.

Yebo, ngisho nangemva kokwenza konke lokhu kube ngcono, inethiwekhi isahluleka., mhlawumbe yebo thuthukela ohlelweni olune-bandwidth eyengeziweNgaleso sikhathi, kungcono ukuqhathanisa okunikezwayo kwangempela, uhlole ukuthi isivinini sokulayisha sanele yini kulokho okwenzayo (ukulayisha amavidiyo, ukuthumela okunamathiselwe okukhulu, ukusebenza ngocingo okujulile) futhi uqaphele izithembiso "ezifika ku-X Mbps" ngaphandle kweziqinisekiso ezincane.

Amasu okwenza ngcono ngokuzenzakalelayo asetshenziswa kumasevisi ochwepheshe e-videoconferencing. Ngokuphathelene nomkhawulokudonsa: ipulatifomu ihlaziya uxhumano lwakho ngesikhathi sangempela futhi ilungisa ikhwalithi yevidiyo nomsindo ukuze kuncishiswe ukuphazamiseka. Uma inethiwekhi igcwala, yehlisa isinqumo ukuze kugcinwe ucingo oluzinzile; uma ithola umkhawulokudonsa omkhulu wamahhala, iyawukhulisa. Lolu hlobo lokuphatha okuhlakaniphile luvumela imihlangano ukuthi isetshenziswe ngisho noma uxhumano lungaphelele.

Ukuqonda i-bandwidth njengomthombo onqunyelwe okudingeka uphathwe —njengoba nje ubungenza ngogesi, amanzi, noma indawo yokugcina izinto — kukusiza ukuthi uthole okuningi kukho. Ukwazi ukuthi kuyini, kulinganiswa kanjani, ukuthi kuthinta ini, nokuthi ungayithuthukisa kanjani kwenza kube lula ukukhetha uhlelo olufanele, ukumisa kahle inethiwekhi yakho, nokugwema izinkinga eziningi zakudala "ze-inthanethi ezimbi" ezibangela amakhanda amaningi ekhaya nasehhovisi.