- Uhlelo lwe-DNS lusebenza njengomhumushi oguqula amagama esizinda abe amakheli e-IP ukuze apheqululwe.
- Ukushintsha amaseva enkampani yenethiwekhi ngezinketho zomphakathi kunciphisa ukubambezeleka futhi kuthuthukisa ubumfihlo.
- Ukucushwa kungasetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke ku-router noma ngakunye kudivayisi ngayinye.
- Kunezinsizakalo ezikhethekile ezibeka phambili isivinini, ukuvikelwa kwe-malware, noma ubumfihlo baseYurophu.
Cishe uke wabhekana nalokhu: ngisho noma uxhumano lwe-fiber optic olusezingeni eliphezulu, amanye amawebhusayithi athatha isikhathi eside ukulayisha, noma ukuphequlula kuzwakala kungaphenduli. Sivame ukushesha ukuthenga ama-repeater, ama-signal booster, noma ngisho nokulwa nezintambo ukuze sithole ama-megabytes ambalwa engeziwe, kodwa kukhona ukulungiselelwa kwangaphakathi okuvame ukunganakwa okungenza umehluko omkhulu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ngisho nesenti elilodwa.
Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi isivinini se-inthanethi sincike kuphela ku-bandwidth, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi isivinini isiphequluli sakho esithola ngaso indlela yaso kuwebhu sincike kumaseva e-DNS. Uma usebenzisa amaseva e-DNS azenzakalelayo anikezwa yinkampani yakho yocingo, cishe ubhekene nesithiyo esingabonakali ekuxhumaneni kwakho kwe-inthanethi , njengoba lawa maseva engewona asebenza kahle kakhulu noma aqaphela ubumfihlo njalo.
Ukuze ugweme ukubhajwa yi-jargon yobuchwepheshe, cabanga ukuthi i-DNS (Domain Name System) ifana nohlu loxhumana nabo efonini yakho. Awazi izinombolo zocingo zabangani bakho, uyazazi amagama abo kuphela; kahle, kwenzeka into efanayo kwi-inthanethi. Sibhala amagama okulula ukuwakhumbula, njenge-google.com, kodwa imishini iqonda izinombolo kuphela, amakheli e-IP adumile . Iseva ye-DNS inesibopho sokwenza lokho kuhumusha okusheshayo.
Inkinga iphakama uma iseva eyenza ukuhumusha ihamba kancane. Uma umbuzo uthatha isikhathi eside kunokulindelekile, uzozizwa sengathi iwebhusayithi ayilayishi, noma ngabe uxhumano lwakho lushesha kakhulu. Ngokushintsha izilungiselelo ze-DNS ku-router yakho , unganciphisa ukubambezeleka kokuphendula , okwenza ikhasi lokuqala lilayishe ngokushesha futhi libushelelezi.
Iningi lethu lisebenzisa amaseva e-DNS anikezwa yi-Movistar, i-Vodafone, noma i-Orange ngoba nje eza elungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Kodwa-ke, ukukhetha amaseva omphakathi kunezinzuzo ezingaphezu kwesivinini:
- Ubumfihlo obuthuthukisiweUmhlinzeki wakho wesevisi ye-inthanethi angaqopha yonke iwebhusayithi oyivakashelayo. Ngokusebenzisa izinsizakalo ezifana ne-Cloudflare, esusa amalogi zingakapheli amahora angama-24, uvimbela inkampani ekubeni nomlando onemininingwane womsebenzi wakho wokuphequlula.
- Sala kahle ekuvinjelweniNgezinye izikhathi, abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo ze-inthanethi bavimba amawebhusayithi athile ngezizathu zomthetho noma zokuphatha ezihlobene ne-DNS. Ukushintsha iseva yakho kuvame ukukuvumela ukuthi wenze lokhu. dlula lezi zihlungi futhi ufinyelele okuqukethwe okuvinjelwe.
- ukuphepha okusebenzayoAmanye amaseva e-DNS awagcini nje ngokuhumusha amagama, kodwa futhi asebenza njengesivikelo, evimba ngokuzenzakalelayo ukufinyelela kumawebhusayithi aziwa ngokusabalalisa ikhodi enonya. i-malware, i-phishing, noma i-spyware.
Akuwona wonke amaseva e-DNS afanayo; kuye ngokuthi ufunani (isivinini, ukuphepha, noma ubumfihlo), eyodwa noma enye izokufanela kangcono:
- I-Cloudflare (1.1.1.1/1.0.0.1)Lezo ezisemfashinini kakhulu manje ngoba zivame ukuba phezulu ezilinganisweni zesivinini. Zilungele uma ufuna impendulo esheshayo ephezulu nokuthi abayithengisi idatha yakho.
- I-DNS Yomphakathi ye-Google (8.8.8.8/8.8.4.4)Inketho eqinile nethembekile kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Nakuba kuyi-Google, ukusebenza kwayo akunaphutha futhi kuyindlela ephephile uma ufuna ukugwema izinkinga.
- I-Quad9 (9.9.9.9 / 149.112.112.112)Indlela engcono kakhulu uma ungumthandi wezokuphepha. Ivimba ama-domain anonya ngenxa yayo ubuhlakani bokusongela ngesikhathi sangempela
- I-OpenDNS (208.67.222.222 / 208.67.220.220)Iwusizo kakhulu kulabo abanezingane ekhaya, njengoba ikuvumela ukuthi ulungiselele izihlungi zokuqukethwe kwabantu abadala ngesandla noma ngokuzenzakalelayo.
- I-DNS0 (208.110.81.0 / 185.253.5.0)Isiphakamiso saseYurophu esinamathela ngokuqinile ku- Imithethonqubo yobumfihlo ye-EU, ilungele labo abathanda ukuthi idatha yabo ingaphumi kuleli zwekazi.
Unezinketho ezimbili: kwenze ku-router ukuze kuthinte wonke amadivayisi asendlini, noma kwenze idivayisi ngedivayisi uma ufuna idivayisi eyodwa kuphela isheshe.
Izilungiselelo zerutha (Kuthinta inethiwekhi yonke)
Ukufinyelela izilungiselelo ze-router yakho kuyindlela elula kakhulu. Ngokuvamile kuzodingeka uthole ikheli le-IP le-router yakho bese ungena ngegama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi (ngokuvamile etholakala kusitika ngaphansi kwedivayisi). Uma usungene ngemvume, bheka isigaba se-WAN, Network, noma i-DHCP. Lapho uzobona izinkambu ze-DNS eziyinhloko nezesibili; mane ufake izinombolo esikhundleni seseva yakho ye-DNS oyikhethile bese ulondoloza izinguquko. Khumbula ukuthi amanye ama-router avela kubahlinzeki bezinsizakalo ze-inthanethi abanjengoDigi noma i-Orange angase abe nale nketho evinjiwe, lapho kuzodingeka usebenzise i-router yomuntu wesithathu.
Ukucushwa kumadivayisi eselula nama-PC
Uma ungakwazi ukuthinta i-router, ungakhathazeki. Ungakwenza kanje:
- Windows 11Iya kuzilungiselelo > Inethiwekhi ne-inthanethi > Izakhiwo zakho zokuxhumeka bese kusabelo se-DNS khetha i-Manual ukuze ufake ama-IP.
- macOSIya ku-Izintandokazi Zesistimu > Inethiwekhi > Okuthuthukisiwe bese kuthebhu ye-DNS ufaka amakheli usebenzisa inkinobho ethi +.
- AndroidKuye ngenguqulo, ungaya kuzilungiselelo > Inethiwekhi ne-inthanethi > i-DNS yangasese bese ufaka i-host (njenge-one.one.one.one) noma ukwenze ngesandla kuzilungiselelo zenethiwekhi ye-WiFi ngokukhetha I-Static IP.
- I-iPhone (i-iOS)Izilungiselelo > I-WiFi > thepha u-"i" wenethiwekhi yakho > Lungiselela i-DNS > Manual bese wengeza amaseva.
Uma ufuna ukuya phambili, kufanele ufunde nge -DNS nge-HTTPS (DoH) . Ngokuvamile, imibuzo ye-DNS ihamba ngombhalo ocacile, futhi noma ubani onokufinyelela ku-inthanethi angabona ukuthi yimaphi amawebhusayithi owavakashelayo. I-DoH ibhala ngemfihlo le mibuzo, iyiguqule ibe yithrafikhi evamile ye-HTTPS. Iziphequluli ezifana ne-Firefox ne-Chrome sezivele ziyayisekela, zengeza ungqimba olunamandla lokungaziwa .
Kubalulekile ukungadidanisi lokhu ne-VPN. Nakuba i-DNS ifana nokudweba amakhethini ukuvimbela abanye ukuthi bangaboni lokho okubukayo, i -VPN elungiselelwe ku-router yakho iwumhubhe ophephile ofihla yonke imisebenzi yakho kanye nekheli lakho langempela le-IP. Ukushintsha i-DNS yakho akufihli yonke ithrafikhi yakho ngendlela i-VPN ebingafihli ngayo.
Nakuba izilungiselelo ze-DNS ziwusizo kakhulu, khumbula ukuthi ukusebenza okuphelele kuncike kwezinye izici. Qiniseka ukuthi i-router yakho isendaweni ephakeme, ephakathi nendawo , kude nezindonga ezijiyile noma ama-microwave. Kungumqondo omuhle futhi ukuhlola ukuthi i-firmware isesikhathini, futhi uma unamadivayisi esimanje, beka phambili ibhendi engu-5 GHz ukuze uthole isivinini noma ibhendi engu-2.4 GHz ukuze uthole ububanzi obukhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukulungisa i-Wi-Fi yakho yasekhaya ukuze ugweme ukuphazamiseka okuvela komakhelwane kungathuthukisa kakhulu uxhumano.
Ukushintsha amaseva akho e-DNS kungenye yezinguquko ezilula nezisebenza kahle kakhulu ongayenza ekuxhumaneni kwakho kwe-inthanethi yasekhaya. Kukuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise izikhathi zokuphendula, uhlunge okuqukethwe okunonya, futhi uthole ubumfihlo obuthile kumhlinzeki wakho wesevisi ye-inthanethi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhetha isivinini se-Cloudflare noma ukuphepha kwe-Quad9, lokhu kulungiswa okuncane kokucushwa kuthuthukisa ulwazi lwakho lokuphequlula kuwo wonke amadivayisi akho ngaphandle kokudinga ukuthuthukela ezinhlelweni ezibiza kakhulu.
