Izinhlelo ze-antivirus eziyingozi: okufanele uzigweme nokuthi ungayivikela kanjani i-PC yakho

Informatec Digital » Izinsiza » Izinhlelo ze-antivirus eziyingozi: okufanele uzigweme nokuthi ungayivikela kanjani i-PC yakho

Ukuxhuma kwi-inthanethi namuhla ngaphandle kokuvikelwa okuncane kufana nokushiya umnyango wakho wangaphambili uvulekile. Iwebhu igcwele i-malware, ukukhwabanisa, kanye nokuhlaselwa okudinga nje ukunganaki okwesikhashana ukuze kungene kukhompyutha yakho, kwebiwe idatha yakho, noma kuze kuyenze ingasetshenziswa. I-Windows 10 kanye ne-Windows 11 zifaka injini yazo yokuphepha, i-Microsoft Defender, enikeza isisekelo esinengqondo, kodwa abasebenzisi abaningi bakhetha ukufaka izixazululo zezinkampani zangaphandle, bekholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuzobenza bavikeleke kakhulu.

Inkinga ukuthi akuzona zonke izinhlelo ze-antivirus ezisebenza kahle ngokulinganayo, zithembekile, noma zithembekile . Ezinye ziyahluleka ukuthola izinsongo, ezinye zinovalo olukhulu, zikhiqiza imiphumela eminingi engamanga, kanti ezinye ziyizinhlelo ezinonya ezizenza amathuluzi okuphepha. Kulesi sihloko, sizobuyekeza ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo ze-antivirus eziyingozi ngempela (ngenxa yobuthakathaka noma ukukhwabanisa), lokho okushiwo ama-lab afana ne-AV-Comparatives kanye ne-AV-Test, yiziphi izinhlobo ze-malware ezikhona, nokuthi ungayivikela kanjani i-PC yakho ezingibeni ezivame kakhulu.

Izinhlelo ze-antivirus ezibuthakathaka ezigcwele imiphumela emibi engamanga: lezo okufanele uzigweme

Ukuhlola okuzimele kuyindlela ethembeke kakhulu yokunquma ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo ze-antivirus ezisebenza kahle nokuthi yiziphi ezingaphumeleli. Amalabhorethri afana ne-AV-Comparatives (Austria) kanye ne-AV-Test (Germany) abeka amasudi okuphepha ahamba phambili ezimweni zangempela: amawebhusayithi anonya, izinsongo ze-zero-day, i-malware eyaziwayo, ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza, kanye nokusebenza lapho kubhekene nemiphumela emibi engamanga.

Nakuba cishe zonke izinjini zokuthola namuhla zisebenzisa ifu ukwabelana ngeziginesha nokuhlaziya, umenzi ngamunye usebenzisa injini yakhe kanye nezizindalwazi zakhe . Lokhu kubonakala emazingeni okuthola futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, enanini lamafayela asemthethweni aphawulwe ngephutha njenge-malware. Ukuhlanganiswa kwalezi zici ezimbili kuphumela kwamanye amagama, ngokusekelwe kudatha, okungcono angatholakali.

Ngokusho kwemiphumela yakamuva evela ku-AV-Comparatives, i-Quick Heal ingenye yezibonelo ezicacile ze-antivirus engaphumeleli . Ekuhlolweni kwayo kokuvikela kwangempela, le software ikwazile ukuvimba cishe u-94,2% wezinsongo. Ngamanye amazwi, ilahlekelwe cishe u-5,8% we-malware. Ngomkhiqizo okufanele ube umugqa wakho wokugcina wokuzivikela, lokho kuyiphutha elikhulu.

Esinye isimo esiphawulekayo yiPanda Security, eyayingumhlinzeki wezokuphepha ohamba phambili eSpain iminyaka eminingi . Ezivivinyweni ezihlaziyiwe, iPanda ithole cishe amasampula angu-97,4%, kodwa ngenxa yalokho, ikhiqize inani elikhulu kakhulu lemiphumela engamanga uma kuqhathaniswa nabancintisana nayo. Abasebenzisi abaningi bayikhumbula ngezikhathi zakudala kusukela enkathini yeWindows 98, kodwa kusukela ekuhlulekeni okukhulu kokutholwa nokususwa kwenqwaba eyabhekana nakho ngo-2009 ngeWindows XP, ayizange ikwazi ukubuyisa idumela layo ezivivinyweni ezidinga kakhulu.

Kukhona futhi nendaba ye- Malwarebytes njenge-antivirus eyinhloko . Izinga layo lokutholakala licishe libe ngu-98,1%, kodwa ihlushwa inani elingalingani lemiphumela engamanga. Njengesixazululo esiphelele se-antivirus, akuyona inketho efanelekile; noma kunjalo, inengqondo ephelele njengenketho yesibili yokuskena okufunwayo, njengoba injini yayo yokulwa ne-malware ivame ukubona izinsongo ezisele ezingatholakali eminye imikhiqizo.

Esigabeni esiphakathi kukhona amagama afana ne -K7 kanye ne-Trend Micro . Amanani abo okutholwa aphelele aphezulu impela (99,3% kanye no-99,5%), kodwa inkinga yabo ikwenye indawo: inani lemiphumela engamanga . Uma i-antivirus iphawula konke njengokunonya , ingozi ayisekho kakhulu kwi-malware uqobo lwayo, kodwa kunalokho ukuthi izogcina ivimbile izinhlelo ozidingayo, abashayeli, imitapo yolwazi yesistimu, noma amadokhumenti akho.

Kungani izinto ezingamanga ezinhle nazo ziyingozi

Kungase kubonakale sengathi i-antivirus ethola "okuningi kakhulu" ingcono kuneyodwa engaphumeleli, kodwa ukudlula kwemiphumela engamanga kungabangela izinkinga eziningi kunalokho ezixazululayo . Impendulo engamanga iwukuthi i-antivirus inquma ukuthi ifayela, uhlelo lokusebenza, noma iwebhusayithi evumelekile ngokuphelele iyisongo.

Uma lokhu kwenzeka ngezinye izikhathi kumane kuyinkathazo, kodwa uma injini yenza amaphutha ngokuphindaphindiwe, kungavela izimo ezingathi sína kakhulu : ukuvimba izinhlelo zomsebenzi, ukungakwazi ukufaka isofthiwe ebalulekile, ukuchitha isikhathi uhlola izexwayiso ezingamanga, kanye, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukususwa kwamafayela esistimu ebalulekile.

Kube nezigameko ezibhalwe phansi lapho ezinye izinhlelo ze-antivirus ziye zahlukanisa khona imitapo yolwazi ye-DLL engeyezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisemthethweni kanye ne-Windows uqobo . Umphumela uba ukuthi izinhlelo ezithile ziyeka ukuvula ngokuzumayo, noma uhlelo luqala ukungasebenzi kahle kuze kube yilapho luhluleka ukuqala. Ukuthola kabusha ikhompyutha kulesi simo kungadinga ukulungiswa okuphelele kwesistimu noma ukufakwa kabusha okuhlanzekile.

Yingakho amalabhorethri afana ne-AV-Comparatives kanye ne-AV-Test ebeka ukubaluleka okukhulu ebhalansini phakathi kokutholwa kanye nokuhle okungamanga . Akukhona nje ukuvimba yonke i-malware, kodwa ukwenza kanjalo ngaphandle kokuphula uhlelo noma ukuthinta umkhiqizo womsebenzisi. Indlela yabo isobala, iyahlolwa (esimweni se-AV-Comparatives, enesitifiketi se-ISO 9001), futhi iqashelwa kabanzi embonini.

Kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi ukubuyekezwa kokuhlela kwemikhiqizo ethile kusekelwe kudatha eqondile , hhayi ubandlululo lomuntu siqu. Ukusebenza okungekuhle kohlelo lwe-antivirus embikweni akusho ukuthi akusizi ngalutho; kusho ukuthi nje, uma kuqhathaniswa nabancintisana nabo ekuhlolweni okufanayo, kubonise imikhawulo eminingi: amazinga okutholwa aphansi noma imiphumela eminingi engamanga.

Izinhlelo ze-antivirus ezihlulekayo ekuphepheni: icala likaBkav nabanye

Uma sibheka imiphumela ye-AV-Test, sithola elinye igama eliphakamisa ukukhathazeka: i-Bkav . Le antivirus ingene emakethe izithengisa njengesixazululo sokuqala esisekelwe ku-Artificial Intelligence, ekwazi ukuhlola konke okungena nokuphuma kukhompyutha ukuze kumiswe izinsongo ngokubikezela.

Ephepheni, i-Bkav ithembisa ukuvikelwa okunezingqimba eziningi kwamanethiwekhi, izinhlelo zokusebenza, kanye nedatha ngokumelene ne-malware yakudala, i-ransomware, abavukuzi, ama-keylogger, i-adware, nezinye izinsongo ezifanayo. Inkinga iwukuthi, uma ihlolwa elabhorethri, imiphumela ayihambisani nenkulumo-ze.

Embikweni wakamuva, i-Bkav yiyona kuphela uhlelo lwe-antivirus "olwehlulekile" ukuhlolwa kwe-AV-Test . Ithole amaphuzu amathathu kwangu-6 kokubili ekuvikeleni nasekusebenzisekeni kahle, okubonisa ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle. Uma sibheka izinombolo, injini yayo ithole cishe u-88,5% wezinsongo, kanti isilinganiso sezinye izinhlelo sidlule ngokunethezeka u-97,5%.

Ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu, i-Bkav ikhiqize amaphutha aphindwe kahlanu kunesilinganiso sezimbangi zayo . Ngamanye amazwi, ayiboni kahle i-malware futhi ayiwahloniphi ngokugcwele amafayela asemthethweni. Okwamanje, umkhiqizo ongcono ukuwugwema uma ufuna ukwethemba isofthiwe yakho yokuphepha, yize kuzodingeka sibone ukuthi izinguqulo zesikhathi esizayo ziyathuthuka yini.

Kanye ne-Bkav, i-AV-Test iphinde ibone i-eScan, i-K7 Security, kanye ne-AhnLab njengezinketho ezingaphansi kwezifanele , njengoba zingafinyeleli amaphuzu aphezulu okuvikela. Lokhu akusho ukuthi zisengozini ngokuphelele, kodwa uma ubheka ukutholakala kwezinketho zamahhala nezikhokhelwayo ezithola amaphuzu aphelele, akunasizathu sokuthatha ingozi.

I-antivirus engamanga: lapho usongo luzifihla njengesivikelo

Ngaphandle kwezinhlelo ze-antivirus ezibuthakathaka, kukhona okunye okukhathazayo nakakhulu: lokho "kwe-antivirus" empeleni okuyi-malware . Lolu hlobo lwesofthiwe lwaziwa ngokuthi i-antivirus engalungile noma isofthiwe ye-antivirus mbumbulu, futhi yakhelwe ngokuqondile ukukhohlisa umsebenzisi.

Lo mkhonyovu uvame ukusebenza ngendlela efanayo kakhulu: isisulu sivakashela iwebhusayithi noma sivula ifayela elibangela isexwayiso sokuphepha mbumbulu esikrinini, sithi ikhompyutha igcwele izifo. Kusukela lapho, uhlelo lunikeza "ukulungisa" inkinga ngokushintshana ngokufaka ithuluzi elicatshangelwayo noma ukukhokhela ilayisensi.

Ezimweni eziningi, umgomo ukwesabisa abantu ngokwanele ukuze bakhokhele into abangadingi , noma engasebenzi ngisho. Kwezinye, ngaphezu kokukhwabanisa kwezezimali, isofthiwe mbumbulu ngokwayo ifaka i-malware yangempela: ama-Trojans, i-spyware, i-ransomware, noma i-backdoors ukulawula ikhompyutha kude.

Ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokubhekana nalolu hlobo "lokuvikela" olunonya, ochwepheshe bezokuphepha abafana nalabo baseKaspersky batusa ukulandela iziqondiso eziyisisekelo:

• Gcina uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zisesikhathiniFaka njalo amabala okuphepha I-Windows, isiphequluli, isifundi se-PDF, ama-plugin afana ne-Flash (uma usawasebenzisa) nanoma yiluphi olunye uhlelo olusengozini yokuhlaselwa.
• Buyekeza isofthiwe yakho ye-antivirus esemthethweni njalo. Futhi, uma ungakwazi, vumela izibuyekezo ezizenzakalelayo ukuze amasignesha alandwe ngokuzenzakalelayo.
• Qaphela imiphumela ethile yenjini yokuseshaikakhulukazi ezivela ezixhumanisini ezixhasiwe ezithembisa "ukuhlanza i-PC yakho" ngokuyisimangaliso noma "ukuyisheshisa".
• Faka ikheli lewebhusayithi yomenzi ngokwakho. kubha yesiphequluli, esikhundleni sokuvela kumabhena noma izixhumanisi ezingabazisayo.
• Ungavuli okunamathiselwe obungakulindele., noma ngabe kubonakala sengathi bavela kumuntu oxhumana naye owaziwayo, ngaphandle kokubuza lowo muntu ukuthi ngabe ubathumele ngempela yini kuwe.
• Cabanga kabili ngaphambi kokuchofoza izixhumanisi kuma-imeyili, imiyalezo, noma ezinkundleni zokuxhumana.ikakhulukazi uma bekuthembisa izipho, ukulandwa "okuqhekekile", noma okuqukethwe okukhangayo.

Amagciwane abhubhisa kakhulu emlandweni: umthelela wangempela we-malware

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi kungani ukukhetha isofthiwe efanele ye-antivirus nokugcina uhlelo lwakho lusesikhathini kubaluleke kangaka, umuntu udinga ukubheka umlando wokuqubuka okukhulu kwe-malware . Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, amagciwane nezikelemu kubize izigidigidi zamaRandi futhi kwabhidliza wonke amanethiwekhi amabhizinisi nezinhlangano zomphakathi.

Esinye sezimo ezibuhlungu kakhulu kwakuyi -Mydoom , ebhekwa njengobhubhane lwe-malware olubiza kakhulu kuze kube manje. Ngo-2004, yabangela umonakalo olinganiselwa cishe ku-$38.000 billion (ngaphezu kuka-$52.000 billion olungisiwe ngenxa yokwehla kwamandla emali). Ngobuchwepheshe, kwakuyisibungu esasisakazeka nge-imeyili enkulu; ngesinye isikhathi, sasibalelwa ku-25% wawo wonke ama-imeyili asakazwa ku-inthanethi.

I-Mydoom ikhiphe amakheli e-imeyili kumakhompyutha anegciwane, yawathumela ngokuzenzakalelayo kulabo oxhumana nabo, yawaguqula aba yingxenye ye-botnet esetshenziselwa ukuqalisa ukuhlaselwa kwe-distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) . Naphezu komvuzo osemthethweni wama-$250.000, umdali wayo akakaze akhonjwe esidlangalaleni. Futhi okukhathazayo kakhulu, isabonakala emikhankasweni yobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi namuhla, ikhiqiza cishe u-1% walowo mgwaqo ononya emhlabeni jikelele.

Esinye isibungu esidumile kwakunguSobig , kusukela ngo-2003, okulinganiselwa ukuthi sabangela umonakalo ongaba yizigidigidi ezingama-30.000 zamaRandi. Savela ngezindlela eziningana (kusukela ku-A kuya ku-F) futhi sazifihla njengesofthiwe esemthethweni ezinamathiselweni ze-imeyili . Sakwazi ukuphahlaza izinhlelo ezinkampanini zezindiza ezifana ne-Air Canada futhi saphazamisa ukusebenza kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezimboni.

I-Klez , yona, yathelela cishe ama-7,2% awo wonke amakhompyutha emhlabeni wonke ngo-2001 (cishe imishini eyizigidi ezingu-7). Yathumela ama-imeyili izenza abathumeli abaziwayo, yazama ukukhubaza amanye amagciwane afakiwe, futhi yathuthuka yaba izinhlobo ezinolaka kakhulu. Yahlala isebenza iminyaka eminingi, okubonisa ukuthi kunzima kangakanani ukuqeda ngokuphelele i-malware ethile.

Igama abantu abaningi abakhumbulayo cishe yi- ILOVEYOU . Lasakazeka ngo-2000 ngecebo elibi kakhulu lobunjiniyela bezenhlalo: lazenza incwadi yothando kufayela lombhalo elicatshangwayo. Lapho livulwa, lathunyelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo kubo bonke oxhumana nabo bomsebenzisi. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, lalimaza amakhompyutha angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-10. Umsunguli walo, u-Onel de Guzman wasePhilippines, akazange agwetshwe ngoba izwe lakhe lalingenawo imithetho ethile yobugebengu be-inthanethi.

Muva nje, i-WannaCry yayiyi-ransomware eyaletha ukubethela kwedatha phambili kwabezindaba. Ngo-2017, yasakazeka emahoreni ambalwa emazweni angu-150, yathelela amakhompyutha angaba ngu-200.000 kanye nezibhedlela, amabhizinisi, kanye nezinhlangano zikahulumeni ezikhubazeke. Lokhu kuhlasela kwamiswa kuphela lapho umcwaningi waseBrithani ethola ngephutha "ushintsho oluphuthumayo" kukhodi . Iningi lamakhompyutha athintekile lalinazo izinhlelo zokusebenza eziphelelwe yisikhathi, isifundo ochwepheshe abasaqhubeka nokusigcizelela namuhla.

Elinye igama elibalulekile yi- Zeus , eyavela ngo-2007 njengenkundla yokweba imali. Yayingemuva kokuhlaselwa kwe-malware yasebhange okungaba ngu-44% futhi yangena ku-88% wezinkampani ze-Fortune 500, kanye nezinhlangano ezingaba ngu-2.500 emazweni angaba ngu-200. Yayisebenza njenge-botnet ezinikele ekubambeni iziqinisekiso zasebhange nasekukhipheni ama-akhawunti . Amalungu angaphezu kwe-100 enethiwekhi aboshwa ngo-2010, kodwa enye yekhodi yayo isasebenza kuma-Trojans amanje.

Futhi akufanele sikhohlwe izibungu ezifana ne -Code Red , eyatholwa okokuqala ngo-2001, eyathelela cishe izinhlelo eziyisigidi emahoreni ambalwa nje. Yayihlala ku-RAM kuphela, okwenza kube nzima ukuyithola, futhi yaqala ukuhlasela kwe-DDoS, okuhlanganisa nolunye olubhekiswe kuwebhusayithi ye-White House. Noma i-SQL Slammer , kusukela ngo-2003, eyagcwalisa i-inthanethi ngokukhetha ngokungahleliwe amakheli e-IP, ukusebenzisa ubuthakathaka, nokuphindaphinda ngesivinini esikhulu, ukuqeda ama-ATM nezinsizakalo zasebhange.

Ngo-2013, i-CryptoLocker yabonisa umhlaba ukuthi imodeli yakudala ye-ransomware ingaba nenzuzo kangakanani: ukubhala amafayela ngemfihlo, ukubonisa inothi lesihlengo elinesikhathi sokubala phansi, kanye nokukhokha ngenkani. Yathinta amakhompyutha angaphezu kuka-250.000 futhi yasebenzisa i-Gameover Zeus botnet ekusabalalisweni kwayo ngobuningi. Ifomula yayo isalokhu iyisisekelo sokuhlaselwa kwe-ransomware kwanamuhla okuqondiswe kumabhizinisi.

Futhi ngaphandle kwento exakile, i- Sasser worm , eyabhalwa ngumfundi waseJalimane oneminyaka engu-17 ubudala, yavala izigidi zamakhompyutha ngo-2004 ngokusebenzisa ubuthakathaka bohlelo lokusebenza ngaphandle kokuthi umsebenzisi achofoze noma yini. Le nsizwa yaboshwa ngemuva kokusolwa ngumuntu eyayimazi efuna umvuzo wokubanjwa kwayo.

Enye i-malware ephawule inkathi kanye nokuvela kwezinsongo

Ngaphandle kwaleyo "eyi-10 ephezulu," kunamagama amaningana anikeza umbono ocacile wokuthi i-malware ithuthuke kanjani. Isibonelo, i-Conficker yavela ngo-2009 futhi isathinta amakhompyutha amadala noma aphethwe kabi namuhla. Uma ingasebenza futhi ngezinga elikhulu, ingaba nomthelela omkhulu.

I-Stuxnet yayiyisigigaba se-malware enkundleni yezepolitiki. Yakhelwe ukucekela phansi ama-centrifuge enuzi ase-Iran, yabonisa ukuthi isofthiwe enonya ingasetshenziswa njengesikhali esingokoqobo ngokumelene nengqalasizinda yezimboni . Yayingaqondisi abasebenzisi basekhaya, kodwa yayiqondisa izinhlelo zokulawula eziqondile kakhulu (i-SCADA).

Ngo-1999, uMelissa wayengomunye wamagciwane okuqala okuthumela imiyalezo eminingi abonisa amandla awo okusabalala kabanzi. I-FBI ilinganisele umonakalo ongaba yizigidi ezingama-80 zamaRandi. Kwakulula kakhulu, kodwa kwanqoba amaseva e-imeyili emhlabeni jikelele.

Ngo-2007, i-Storm Worm yasakazeka ngama-imeyili aqukethe izindaba ezisolwayo mayelana neziphepho kanye nemicimbi yesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu. Kwakungenye yezibonelo zokuqala ezinkulu zobunjiniyela bezenhlalo ezivumelaniswe nezihloko zamanje , into esavamile nanamuhla ngama-imeyili azenza ama-ejensi asemthethweni, amabhange, noma izinkampani zeposi.

Namuhla, isimo sishintshile: izinsongo ziqondiswe kakhulu, ziyimfihlo, futhi zigxile enzuzweni yezezimali . I-ransomware yokuphanga kabili, ukuhlaselwa kwe-supply chain, ama-trojan asebhange athuthukile, kanye ne-malware ezama ukufihla ku-firmware noma ngaphansi kwesistimu yokusebenza manje sekuvamile ekuphepheni kwe-cybersecurity.

Umehluko phakathi kwegciwane, isibungu, kanye ne-ransomware

Nakuba sivame ukuzisebenzisa ngokushintshana, amagciwane, izikelemu, kanye ne-ransomware azifani ncamashi . Ukuqonda umehluko kusiza ekuchazeni kangcono izindaba mayelana nokuhlaselwa kwe-inthanethi.

Empeleni, igciwane lekhompyutha lidinga ifayela le-host ukuze lisebenze . Ngokuvamile lifakwa kuma-executable, amadokhumenti, noma ama-macro. Uma umsebenzisi evula lelo fayela, igciwane liyasebenza, liphindaphindeke kwamanye amafayela, futhi lingaguqula, lisuse, noma lintshontshe ulwazi, kanye nokusebenza njengendawo yokungena ye-malware eyengeziwe.

I- worm yekhompyutha iyazimela: ayidingi senzo kumsebenzisi ngaphandle kokuba nesistimu esengozini. Isebenzisa amaphutha ohlelweni lokusebenza noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ukuze ingene kunethiwekhi, iziphindaphinde, futhi isakazeke. Yingakho nje iyingozi kangaka ezindaweni zezinkampani: ikhompyutha eyodwa engakalungiswa ingalimaza inethiwekhi yonke.

I-Ransomware ingaphezu nje kwendlela yokusabalalisa; uhlobo oluthile lwe-malware oluchazwa yinhloso yalo: ibethela amafayela noma ivimbele ukufinyelela kwesistimu futhi ifune inkokhelo ukuze ithole ukhiye wokususa ukubethela . Kwamanye amazwe , yaziwa ngokuthi "ukuthumba idatha." Ingalethwa ngehhashi leTrojan, i-worm, i-website exploit, noma i-imeyili ye-phishing.

Iningi "lamagciwane" amakhulu omlando ohlwini empeleni yizibungu, futhi namuhla i-ransomware iyisongo esibiza kakhulu emabhizinisini nakohulumeni . Ngokuvamile ihlanganisa ukusakazwa okuzenzakalelayo, ukubethela idatha, ukwebiwa kwangaphambili kolwazi oluyimfihlo, kanye nokusongela umphakathi.

Icala langempela: Kwenzekani uma injini eyodwa kuphela ye-VirusTotal ithola usongo?

Izimo ezinjengalezi ziya ngokuya zivamile: ulanda ifayela emthonjeni "ompunga" (isibonelo, i-activator ye-DLC yomdlalo) , ulilayishe ku-VirusTotal, bese ubona ukuthi injini eyodwa kuphela kwezingu-60 eliyimaka njenge-Trojan. Esibonelweni esifanayo, i-antivirus ye-Jiangmin imaka i-executable esetshenziswa ukwenza kusebenze ama-DLC e-The Sims 4, kanti ezinye izinjini zimaka njengehlanzekile.

Ezimweni ezinjalo, kuyayenga ukucabanga ukuthi kuyiphutha nje bese uqhubeka . Futhi kungenzeka, kodwa futhi kuyiqiniso ukuthi imifantu eminingi, ama-activator, kanye namathuluzi okudlula ilayisense kuphakathi kwezindlela zokutheleleka ezithandwa kakhulu yizigebengu ze-inthanethi. Zihlose abantu abathambekele ekuyekeni ukuqapha kwabo ukuze bathole okuthile "okukhululekile."

Inkambo ehlakaniphe kakhulu yokwenza lapho injini eyodwa imaka ifayela elisolisayo ukuhlanganisa izici eziningana : idumela lefayela (isikhathi esisakazwayo, inani labasebenzisi abalithumele), isiginesha yalo yedijithali (uma ikhona), umlando wewebhusayithi esakazwayo, futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuqonda okuvamile. Uma ifayela lihlose ukushintsha izingxenye zomdlalo noma zesistimu futhi lingaveli esitolo esisemthethweni, ingozi isivele iphezulu.

Nakuba ukuhlaziywa kobuchwepheshe ngezinye izikhathi kungase kuhilele ukuhlola ama-hashe, ukuziphatha kwe-sandbox, noma ama-heuristics, indlela ehlakaniphile yomsebenzisi ojwayelekile iwukungasebenzisi . Ukulahlekelwa yi-mod "yamahhala" noma i-DLC kungcono kakhulu kunokufaka ngephutha i-Trojan entshontsha iziqinisekiso zakho zasebhange noma ebhala ngemfihlo wonke amadokhumenti akho.

Izinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu ze-malware nokuthi zisebenza kanjani

Ngaphandle kwamagama athile, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yimiphi imindeni ye-malware evame kakhulu nokuthi ifunani . Lokhu kusiza ekuboneni ukuziphatha okusolisayo ngokushesha.

Igciwane lekhompyutha elivamile ligxile ekusakazeni nasekubangeleni umonakalo kumafayela nezinhlelo. Lingonakalisa amadokhumenti, lichithe izinhlelo, noma livule iminyango yangemuva kwezinye izihlaselo. Livame ukuthembela kuma-macro e-Office, ama-executable, noma imidiya esuswayo.

I-Ransomware , njengoba sekushiwo kakade, ibhala ngemfihlo okuqukethwe yikhompyutha yakho (noma inethiwekhi yonke) futhi ibonise inothi lesihlengo. Ezinye izinhlobo zithinta kuphela izinhlobo ezithile zamafayela, kanti ezinye zithinta lonke uhlelo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imodeli yokuphanga kabili iye yathandwa: ngaphezu kokubethela amafayela, yeba idatha futhi isongela ukuyishicilela uma inkokhelo ingenziwa.

Ama-computer worm agxila ekuhambeni kumanethiwekhi ngesivinini esikhulu , esebenzisa ubuthakathaka. Uma esengaphakathi, angenza noma yini kusukela ekususeni idatha kuya ekuhlanganiseni ikhompyutha kwi-botnet ezinikele ekuqaliseni ukuhlaselwa kwe-DDoS, ukumba ama-cryptocurrencies, noma ukuthumela ugaxekile.

AmaTrojan azifihla njengesofthiwe esemthethweni : ama-crack, abafaki bezinhlelo ezidumile, izibuyekezo ezicatshangelwayo, njll. Awaziphindiseli ngokwawo; adinga ukuthi uzisebenzise. Ukusuka lapho, angantshontsha idatha, avumele ukulawula kude ikhompyutha yakho, alande i-malware eyengeziwe, noma ahlole imisebenzi yakho.

I-Adware ibonisa izikhangiso ezingafuneki kusiphequluli sakho noma ohlelweni lwakho uqobo , ngokuvamile ngesimo sama-pop-up noma amabha wamathuluzi ongawacelanga. Ngaphandle kokucasula, ezinye izinhlobo ze-adware zilandelela umsebenzi wakho futhi ziqoqe idatha yomuntu siqu ngaphandle kwemvume yakho.

I-Spyware ikubheka buthule ( indlela yokususa i-spyware ): ithwebula ukuchofoza izinkinobho, ithathe izithombe-skrini, ibhale amawebhusayithi avakashelwe, bese ithumela lolo lwazi kuseva ekude. Ingangena ngokunyenya njengengxenye yohlelo oluthile, isebenzise ubuthakathaka bokuphepha, noma ikukhohlise ngokusebenzisa i-phishing.

Ama-botnet ayinethiwekhi yamadivayisi athelelekile alawulwa umhlaseli . Ngayinye yalawa madivayisi (ama-bot) ingaba yi-PC yakho, i-router yakho, noma ngisho nedivayisi ye-IoT. Uma ihlanganiswa, ingasetshenziswa ukuqalisa ukuhlasela okukhulu, ukusabalalisa i-malware, noma ukuqhuba imikhankaso emikhulu yogaxekile.

Ama-keylogger awuhlobo oluthile lwe-spyware oluqopha konke okuthayiphayo kukhibhodi yakho. Angaba nokusetshenziswa okusemthethweni (izilawuli zabazali, ukuqapha emabhizinisini) uma efakwe kahle futhi ngaphansi komthetho, kodwa ezandleni zezigebengu ayithuluzi elifanele lokweba amaphasiwedi, ulwazi lwasebhange, noma izingxoxo zangasese.

Izimpawu zokuthi ikhompyutha yakho ingase itheleleke

Nakuba izinsongo eziningi zamanje zizama ukunganakwa, kunezimpawu ezijwayelekile ezingakuxwayisa ukuthi kukhona into engavamile eyenzekayo ku-PC yakho:

• Uhlelo luhamba kancane kakhulu kunokujwayelekile ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile.
• Izinhlelo ezivula noma ezivala zodwa, noma eziphahlazeka njalo.
• Ukuvela kwezithonjana, izinqamuleli, noma amafayela ongakhumbuli uwafaka.
• Izikhangiso ezivelelayo noma ungaphequluli.
• Izinguquko ekhasini lasekhaya lesiphequluli noma enjinini yokusesha ezenzakalelayo ngaphandle kwemvume yakho.
• Imiyalezo yamaphutha angajwayelekile lapho uqala noma uvala ikhompyutha.

Ku-Windows 10 no-11, ungahlola isimo sakho sokuvikela kusuka ku-"Windows Security ." Mane uthayiphe lelo gama kubha yokusesha yemenyu yokuqala bese uya ku-"Virus & threat protection" ukuze ubone ukuthi ukuskena kokugcina kwenziwe nini nokuthi kukhona yini izexwayiso ezisebenzayo ( thola ukuthi i-PC yami inegciwane yini ).

Izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuzivikela kusofthiwe ye-antivirus eyingozi kanye ne-malware

Ngaphandle kokukhetha i-antivirus ethembekile, iningi lokuzivikela kwakho lincike emikhubeni yakho . Umsebenzisi ohlakaniphile one-antivirus enhle uvame ukuvikeleka kangcono kunomsebenzisi ongenandaba one-suite engcono kakhulu emakethe.

Amanye amathiphu ayisisekelo afanele ukusetshenziswa njalo yilawa:

• Faka isivikeli magciwane esihle futhi usigcine sinolwaziI-Microsoft Defender iyisisekelo esiqinile nesikhululekile; ezinye izinketho ezikalwe kakhulu ku-AV-Comparatives kanye ne-AV-Test zifaka phakathi i-Avast Free, i-Kaspersky, i-McAfee, noma i-Bitdefender, kuye ngohlobo lwelayisensi oyifunayo.
• Ungavuli ama-imeyili noma izinamathiselo ezivela kubathumeli abangaziwa. Futhi qaphela amafayela obungawalindele, noma ngabe abonakala sengathi avela kothile omaziyo.
• Sebenzisa i-pop-up blocker bese ubuyekeza izilungiselelo zobumfihlo zesiphequluli sakho.ukunciphisa ukulandelela nokunciphisa ukuchayeka kumawebhusayithi angabazekayo.
• Gcina iWindows nezinye izinhlelo zisesikhathini nge-Windows Update kanye nezinhlelo zakho zokubuyekezaUkuhlasela okuningi okuphumelelayo kusebenzisa ubuthakathaka obuvele bunama-patches.
• Qinisekisa ukuthi i-User Account Control (UAC) ivuliweukuze uhlale ugunyaza izinguquko ezinkulu ohlelweni.
• Ku-Windows 10 kanye ne-11, qinisekisa ukuthi i-"Tamper Protection" ivuliwe.ukuvimbela i-malware ukuthi ikhubaze i-antivirus yakho noma ishintshe izilungiselelo zokuphepha ngemuva kwakho.
• Gwema ukufaka isofthiwe ephangiwe, imifantu, kanye nama-activatorngoba zingenye yezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokungena ngokungemthetho kuma-Trojans, ama-keylogger, kanye ne-ransomware.

Kwezinye izindawo zobungcweti, kunengqondo futhi ukwengeza izendlalelo zokuvikela ezingeni lehadiwe noma le-firmware , njengobuchwepheshe obuhlanganiswe kweminye imishini evela kubakhiqizi abanjengo-HP (isibonelo, i-HP Wolf Security). Lezi zinhlobo zezixazululo zihlose ukuthola nokulawula ukuhlaselwa noma ngabe uhlelo lokusebenza seluvele lusengozini.

Uma ungeza kukho konke lokhu ukusetshenziswa kwamaphasiwedi aqinile nahlukile, ukuqinisekiswa kwezinyathelo ezimbili uma kungenzeka, kanye nokuqonda okuthile ngenkathi uphequlula , uzonciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuthi uzithole usezandleni zezinhlelo zokulwa namagciwane eziyingozi, i-malware yasebhange, noma imikhankaso emikhulu ye-ransomware.

Ukukhetha i-antivirus efanele, ukuhambisana nezibuyekezo, nokusebenzisa imikhuba embalwa elula lapho uphequlula futhi uphatha amafayela akho kwenza umehluko omkhulu: iningi lezinhlekelele ezinkulu ze-malware emlandweni lixhaphaze izinhlelo ezindala nabasebenzisi abangaqaphile — amaphutha ongawagwema kalula namuhla uma wazi ukuthi yimiphi imikhiqizo okungafanele uyisebenzise, ​​kungani ungazethembi izinhlelo ezithile "ze-antivirus", nokuthi ungazibona kanjani izimpawu zokutheleleka ngesikhathi.