Ukufaka i-MX Linux 25 Infinity: Umhlahlandlela ophelele, izici ezintsha, namathiphu

Informatec Digital » Izinsiza » Ukufaka i-MX Linux 25 Infinity: Umhlahlandlela ophelele, izici ezintsha, namathiphu

I-MX Linux ithole udumo njengenye yalezo zinhlelo ezenza impilo ibe lula ngaphandle kokudinga umshini osezingeni eliphezulu. Ngokusekelwe ku-Debian kanye nomphumela womsebenzi wokubambisana phakathi kwemiphakathi ye-antiX ne-MEPIS, ivelele ngenhlanganisela yayo elinganiselayo yokuzinza , ukusebenza, kanye nobulula . Kuhlelo lwayo olusha lwama-25, i-"Infinity," le phrojekthi igxile ekwenzeni izinto zibe zesimanje, amathuluzi okuhlunga, kanye nokwenza kube lula ukufakwa kwabasebenzisi bazo zonke izigaba zamakhono.

Lokhu kukhishwa, okusekelwe ku- Debian 13 “Trixie” , manje sekuyatholakala ukuze kuhlolwe umphakathi, okunikeza umbono walokho esizokubona enguqulweni yokugcina: ama-desktops abuyekeziwe, isifaki esiguquguqukayo, ukwesekwa okuvuthiwe kwehadiwe yakamuva, kanye nezinsiza ezivuselelwe. Nakuba kuyi-beta , inikeza umbono ocacile wesiqondiso sesistimu nokuthi ihlose ukulinganisela kanjani isiko le-MX nezidingo zamanje.

Iyini i-MX Linux 25 “Infinity” futhi inikeza ini uma iqhathaniswa nezinhlelo ezedlule?

Ukuthuthela ku- Debian 13 “Trixie” kuletha izinguquko ezinkulu: abathuthukisi bakhethe ukufaka ama-repository abo esikhundleni se-Debian ezenzakalelayo, ngenhloso yokuthola ukulawula ijubane lesofthiwe nokunikeza ulwazi oluhlangene kakhudlwana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke izinhlelo manje zisebenzisa i-systemd ngokuzenzakalelayo , yize ezinye izinguqulo ezigcina i-SysVInit zisatholakala kulabo abakhetha leyo filosofi yokuqalisa.

Umoya we-MX uhlala uqinile: uhlelo olusheshayo, oluphephile, nolusebenziseka kalula olwenzelwe amakhompyutha aphansi, kodwa lusamukela izici zesimanje. Ukuhlanganiswa kwesisekelo se-Debian namathuluzi aso (i-MX Tools) kwenza imisebenzi yokuphatha yansuku zonke ibe lula kakhulu, kungcono uma usaqala noma ufuna into esebenza ngaphandle kokuhlupheka. Uma umgomo wakho ukusetha iseva, hlola ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux okungcono kakhulu kwamaseva.

• Abasebenzisi abafuna ukuzinza ngombono omusha: Isisekelo esibuyekeziwe, amadeskithophu esimanje nezinsiza eziphucuziwe.
• Labo abakwazisa ukukhetha uhlelo lokuqalisaKukhona izinhlelo ezine-systemd nezinye ezigcina i-SysVInit.
• Amaphrofayili anehadiwe entsha: okuhlukile okune-kernel ethuthukisiwe yokuhambisana kwakamuva.
• Amaqembu omakadebona Bayazazisa izindawo ezingasindi njenge-Fluxbox, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukufinyelela ku-ecosystem ye-MX.

Amadeskithophu kanye ne-kernel: ukukhanya, amandla kanye ne-Wayland lapho kubalulekile

Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokunambitheka okuhlukahlukene nezidingo, i-MX Linux 25 “Infinity” inikeza izindawo ezintathu eziyinhloko zedeskithophu. Zonke zibuyekezwa zibe yizinguqulo zakamuva kanye nentuthuko elungisiwe kahle ebonakala ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke.

• I-Xfce 4.20Ihlala iyimodeli ye-flagship. Ilula, izinzile, nayo yonke into oyidingayo ngaphandle kwama-frill. Kuhle uma ufuna ukusebenza nempilo yebhethri enhle kukhompuyutha yakho ephathekayo.
• I-KDE Plasma 6.3.6: isinyathelo esiya phambili kwezobuhle, ukusebenza nokusekelwa kwesimanje. I-Wayland iseshini ezenzakalelayo, ushintsho olukhulu kulabo abafuna ukuzizwisa okushelelayo kwezithombe.
• I-Fluxbox 1.3.7: inketho ye-ultralight yemishini endala kakhulu noma yalabo abakhetha indawo encane futhi elungiseka kakhulu.

Ngokuphathelene ne-kernel, izinhlelo ezijwayelekile zisebenzisa i-kernel ye-Debian engu-6.12 LTS (ikakhulukazi, engu-6.12.48 ngokusho kwamanothi okukhululwa), okwanele ezimweni eziningi ngaphandle kokumangala. Kulabo abadinga ukusunduza imikhawulo yehadiwe yakamuva kakhulu , kunezinhlobo ze-AHS (Advanced Hardware Support) ezethula i-Liquorix . Lapha uzobona izinkomba ze- Liquorix 6.16 kuhlelo lwe-Xfce AHS kanye, kwamanye amanothi okukhululwa, i-Liquorix 6.15 ye-AHS ngokujwayelekile; kuzo zombili izimo, umgomo uyafana: ukuhambisana okungcono kanye nokuphendula kwihadiwe yesimanje.

Umehluko obalulekile uma uhlelo lwakho lusebenzisa i-Secure Boot: Izinhlelo ezijwayelekile zisekela i-UEFI Secure Boot ngenxa yama-kernel asayinwe yi-Debian, kodwa izinhlobo ze-AHS ezine-Liquorix azisekeli i-Secure Boot. Le mininingwane kufanele ihlolwe ngaphambi kokufakwa, ikakhulukazi kuma-laptop ezinkampani noma kumadivayisi ane-firmware enemingcele.

Inqubo yokufaka nokufaka: nansi indlela yokufaka i-MX Linux 25 "Infinity"

Isifaki se-MX siza nezinguquko eziningana ezisebenzayo ezenza kube lula kokubili ukufakwa okuhlanzekile kanye nokufuduka kusuka kwezinye izinsiza. Inketho entsha yokufaka kabusha ngenkathi ugcina isiqondisi sakho sasekhaya iyisici esivelele, esilula kakhulu uma ufuna ukuvuselela uhlelo lwakho ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa idatha yakho ku-/home.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-wizard ingalungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo i-zram swap , okubonakala kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezine-RAM elinganiselwe njengoba kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwediski ezimweni ezincishisiwe zememori. Noma ubani onemishini encishisiwe yezinsiza uzosazisa kakhulu lesi sici.

Esinye isici esisha okufanele usiqaphele ukusekelwa kwe-Secure Boot ezinhlelweni ezingama-64-bit uma usebenzisa ama-kernel asayinwe yi-Debian. Uma ukhetha i-AHS ene-Liquorix, khumbula ukuthi i-Secure Boot ngeke itholakale , ngakho kuzodingeka uyikhubaze ku-UEFI uma i-firmware yakho ingavumeli okuhlukile.

Ukuze wenze ukufaka okuhlanzekile, inqubo evamile ilula futhi ijwayelekile: landa i- MX Linux 25 “Infinity” ISO esemthethweni, dala idrayivu ye-USB ebhuthwayo (isibonelo, usebenzisa i-Ventoy, i-Rufus, noma i-balenaEtcher), qalisa kuyo, bese uqalisa isifaki. Uma uhlela ukusebenzisa i-Windows noma okunye ukusatshalaliswa eceleni kwesistimu yakho ekhona, gcina ngokucophelela ukwahlukanisa noma sebenzisa isici esithi " Shintsha okunye ukufakwa kwe-Linux" , esigwema ukulungisa ukwahlukanisa ngesandla. Kodwa-ke, kule nguqulo ye-beta, isici sokufaka esikhundleni asisebenzi nezinhlelo ezibethelwe.

Ngesikhathi senqubo, umfakisi uzocela indawo yesikhathi sakho, ukwakheka kwekhibhodi, kanye negama lomsebenzisi , futhi uzokuvumela ukuthi ukhethe uhlelo lokuhlukanisa. Kumakhompyutha anamuhla, kuvamile ukusebenzisa i-GPT kanye ne-EFI partition ye-UEFI. Uma uvula i-Secure Boot, qiniseka ukuthi ukhetha uhlelo oluhambisanayo (hhayi i-AHS ene-Liquorix). Ngemva kokukopisha amafayela nokulungiselela umphathi we-boot, uhlelo luzobe selulungele ukuqala kwalo kokuqala.

Njengesibuyekezo se-beta, kuye kwabikwa ezinye izinkinga ezibonakalayo kumfaki ngaphansi kwezimo ezilula (isibonelo, izithonjana ezingabonisi). Lokhu akuthinti ukufakwa ngokwako, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kungase kube nezinkinga ezincane zobuhle ithimba elizozilungisa.

Buyekeza kusuka kunguqulo yangaphambilini: nge-MX Updater noma nge-terminal

Uma usuvele usebenzisa i-MX Linux, asikho isidingo sokufaka kabusha ukuze ujabulele ukuthuthukiswa. Indlela elula ukusebenzisa ithuluzi lesithombe i-MX Updater , elilandela i-apt-notifier. Le nsizakalo ikuvumela ukuthi uhlole, ulande, futhi ufake amaphakheji ngokuchofoza okumbalwa nje, futhi uma ufuna, khetha i-apt noma i-nala njenge-backend yakho yokuphatha iphakheji.

Labo abakhetha i-terminal bangakhetha ukuvuselelwa okuphelele kwama-repository nama-package . Umyalo olandelayo uvuselela ama-index futhi usebenzise zonke izinguquko ezitholakalayo ngokugcwele:

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade && sudo apt full-upgrade

Ngokwakhela phezu kwesisekelo se -Debian 13 , i-MX iphinde isebenzise ifomethi ye -deb822 yemithombo yokugcina, okuholela kumafayela e -.sources acacile futhi aphephile . Uma ukhetha ifomethi yendabuko ye-.list , ungakhathazeki: ukuhambisana kuyagcinwa , ngakho ungasebenzisa kokubili ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Isincomo sethu: Ngaphambi kokwenza isibuyekezo esikhulu, yenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yefolda yakho kanye nanoma iyiphi idatha ebucayi. Inqubo yokuthuthukisa ivame ukuhamba kahle, kodwa kufanelekile ukuthatha ingozi yokulahlekelwa amafayela akho.

Amathuluzi e-MX nezinguquko zohlelo: I-Qt6, isithuthukisi esisha, nokuhlanza okucolisekile

Enye yentuthuko ebaluleke kakhulu ukufuduka kwe-MX Tools ku-Qt6 , okuhlanganisa izinsiza zayo eziyinhloko nobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zedeskithophu namuhla. Lokhu kushintsha akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa isisekelo kodwa futhi kuvula indlela yokusebenza kanye nokuthuthukiswa kolwazi lomsebenzisi.

I-apt-notifier yakudala ithathelwa indawo yi-mx-updater , uhlelo lokusebenza oluguquguqukayo kakhulu, ngaphezu kwe-apt, olungasebenzisa i -nala ukuphatha amaphakheji ane-ergonomics eyengeziwe kanye nesivinini. Lokhu kuyamukeleka kakhulu ezinhlelweni lapho izibuyekezo ziyingxenye evamile yenqubo.

Ngasohlangothini lokulungisa, i-MX Cleanup ithola izici ezintsha : manje isingakwazi ukubona nokususa abashayeli be-DKMS abangasetshenziswanga kanye nezincwadi zolimi ezingadingekile . Ziyizinto ezincane, yebo, kodwa zisiza ukugcina uhlelo lusebenza kahle, lulula, futhi lungenazo izinto eziningi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Kukhona nezinguquko kukhathalogi ezenzakalelayo: I-Audacious ithatha indawo ye-Deadbeef njengesidlali somsindo; endaweni ye-KDE, i-Qimgv ithatha indawo ye-Gwenview njengesibukeli sesithombe; kanti ku-Xfce, i-Engrampa ithatha indawo ye-File Roller njengomphathi wefayela ocindezelwe. Izindikimba ezintsha, ubuciko, kanye nokuhumusha nakho kungeziwe , okwenza i-distro ibe yamuva ngokwemigomo yokuvumelana okubonakalayo kanye nokusekelwa kolimi.

systemd vs SysVInit: izindlela ezimbili zokuqalisa uhlelo

Ngokomlando, i-MX Linux inikeze abasebenzisi izinketho zokukhetha ukuthi bakhetha kanjani ukuqala uhlelo lwabo. Ku-"Infinity," i-systemd iyindlela ezenzakalelayo kuzo zonke izinhlelo, ihambisana nezidingo zezinhlelo zokusebenza zesimanje kanye nemisebenzi yokusebenza. Noma kunjalo, iphrojekthi igcina izinguqulo nge-SysVInit kulabo ababeka phambili indlela yakudala kanye nokulawula okuhlanganisiwe okunikezayo.

Empeleni, lokhu kusho ukuthi ungakhetha uhlelo olufanela kangcono izintandokazi noma izidingo zakho. Ezinye izinhlobo, njengezinguqulo ezithile ze-KDE, zingatholakala kuphela nge-systemd, kanti ezinye, njenge-Xfce noma i-Fluxbox, ziyaqhubeka nokunikeza zombili izinketho. Lokhu kubili kuyisici esichazayo se-MX iphrojekthi ezimisele ukuyigcina.

Ukuhambisana, Ukuvula Okuvikelekile, amakhosombe, neminye imininingwane ukuze uhlale ubhekile

Usekelo lwe -UEFI Secure Boot seluyatholakala kuma-edishini angu-64-bit anama-kernel asayinwe yi-Debian, okubalulekile uma i-firmware yakho ingakuvumeli ukuthi ukhubaze i-Secure Boot. Khumbula ukuthi ama-edishini e-AHS ane-Liquorix awasekeli i-Secure Boot , ngakho-ke uma uthembele kulesi sici, kuzodingeka usebenzise inguqulo ejwayelekile.

Olunye ushintsho olwenza ukuphathwa kube kwesimanje ukushintshela kufomethi ye - deb822 (.sources) yokuchaza ama-repository nama-key. Kucacile futhi kuphephile kakhulu kunefomethi endala ye-.list, yize, siphinda, ungaqhubeka nokusebenzisa indlela yendabuko uma uthanda. Ukuba nama-repository akho kunikeza i-MX ukulawula okwengeziwe kwisofthiwe elethayo, kulinganisela ukuzinza kanye nobusha.

Njengazo zonke izinguqulo ze-beta, i-“Infinity” iza nezixwayiso okufanele uzikhumbule: umfakisi angabonisa amaphutha amancane ezithonjaneni ezindaweni ezilula; eminye imisebenzi ye-mx-updater (njengokufihla izibuyekezo kuze kube yilapho kubuyekezwa okusha) ingase isebenze ngendlela engajwayelekile; ku-KDE, izenzo ezinelungelo lempande azihlanganisiwe ngokugcwele kumphathi wefayela; futhi umsebenzi wokufaka esikhundleni awusekeli amadiski abethelwe . Okungcono kakhulu, le nguqulo kufanele isetshenziselwe ukuhlola hhayi ezinhlelweni ezibalulekile.

Ukusebenza nokugcinwa: i-zram, ukuhlanza nokukhethwa kwemvelo

Uma okubaluleke kakhulu kuwe kuyisistimu esheshayo emshinini ophansi, khetha i-Fluxbox noma i-Xfce bese uvumela i-zram. Ukuhlanganiswa kwedeskithophu elula, i-LTS kernel, kanye nememori ecindezelwe kwenza umehluko omkhulu kuma-laptop amadala, ama-netbook, noma ama-desktop ane-RAM elinganiselwe.

Kumishini emisha, indawo yedeskithophu ye-KDE ene- Wayland ngokuzenzakalelayo inikeza ulwazi lwesimanje oluzizwa lulungele ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke. Uma ukhetha ne-AHS ne-Liquorix, uzothola ukwesekwa kwehadiwe yakamuva , yize lokhu kuza ngezindleko zokuqalisa okuphephile ngaphansi kwe-UEFI.

Kuyafaneleka ukusebenzisa i-MX Cleanup ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze ususe amaphakheji e-DKMS angasetshenziswanga kanye nezincwadi zolimi ongazidingi. Le misebenzi yokulungisa yokuvimbela igcina uhlelo lwakho lulula futhi luhlelekile ngomzamo omncane.

Landa futhi uhlanze izinketho zokufaka

Ukuze ufake kahle, mane nje ulande i-MX Linux 25 “Infinity” ISO esemthethweni , dala idrayivu ye-USB ebhuthwayo, bese ulandela i-wizard. Uma usuka kwenye indawo, isici sokufaka esikhundleni se-Linux sikusindisa ekuhlukaniseni ngesandla, uma nje ungathembeli ekubetheleni. Uma unesifiso sokugcina idatha yakho, inketho yokufaka kabusha ngenkathi ugcina i-/home ingenye yalezo zithuthukisi ezithandwa kakhulu emhlabeni wangempela.

Labo abakhetha ukuqhubeka isinyathelo ngesinyathelo kusukela ekufakweni kwangaphambilini kwe-MX bangasebenzisa i-MX Updater noma inqubo yesiphelo echazwe ngenhla. Kuzo zombili izimo, umphumela uba uhlelo olusesikhathini olunama- desktops akamuva , izindawo zokugcina zesimanje, kanye nezinsiza ezibhalwe kabusha ku-Qt6.

I-MX Linux 25 “Infinity” imele ukuvela okunenhloso ecacile: ukwenza kube yisimanje ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yi-essential eyenze yathandwa. Ngokusekelwe ku-Debian 13, enezindawo zedeskithophu zesimanje, ama-kernel azo zonke izinhlobo zokunambitheka (i-LTS ne-Liquorix), ukwesekwa kwe-Secure Boot lapho kusebenza khona, i-MX Tools ku-Qt6, kanye nezinsiza ezithuthukisiwe njenge-mx-updater kanye ne-MX Cleanup, iphakheji izwakala iqinile ngisho naku-beta. Uma udinga ukusatshalaliswa okuzinzile, okusheshayo, nokulula ukuyinakekela, lokhu kuyimbangi ephezulu enakekela kahle kokubili ihadiwe endala nentsha.