- Ukusetshenziswa kwezikripthi ze-Bash kuvumela ukwenziwa ngcono kokuphathwa kwesistimu ngokusebenzisa ukulandelana kwemiyalo kumafayela ombhalo.
- Ukuguquguquka kukaBash kwenza kube lula ukuphatha abasebenzisi, ukudala ama-backups ahleliwe, nokuqapha izinsiza zesistimu.
- Ukusebenzisa izakhiwo zokulawula, iziguquguquko, kanye nezimvume zokwenza kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni amathuluzi aqinile okwenza ngokuzenzakalela.
Cabanga ukuthi impilo yakho yansuku zonke njengomphathi wesistimu iphelela ekuphindaphindeni imiyalo efanayo kukhonsoli kaninginingi, njengokungathi ugwetshwe ukugeza izitsha ngesandla uma kukhona umshini wokuwasha izitsha eduze kwakho. inqubo okuzenzakalelayo Yileli thuluzi elisisiza ukuthi sinikeze umshini umsebenzi okhathazayo, sinciphise kakhulu amaphutha abantu futhi sikhulule isikhathi semisebenzi yokudala noma eyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukuze kufezwe lokhu, ukubhala nge-Bash kwethulwa njengesixazululo esifanele. Ngokuyisisekelo, kuqukethe ukubhala uchungechunge lwemiyalelo kufayela lombhalo ocacile elisetshenziswa uhlelo lokusebenza ngokulandelana, okuvumela noma ngubani owaziyo ukusebenzisa umhleli wombhalo ukuthi... thuthukisa ukuphathwa kwamaseva akho futhi kuthuthukise umkhiqizo jikelele wendawo yakho yokusebenza ye-Linux.
Uyini ngempela umbhalo weBash?
Uma sikhuluma ngoBash, sibhekisela ku- I-Bourne Again ShellIskripthi singumhumushi womyalo osebenza njengebhuloho phakathi komsebenzisi kanye ne-kernel yesistimu yokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, iskripthi siyifayela elinesandiso se-.script. .sh equkethe uhlu lwemiyalo igobolondo eliyicubungula ngokulandelana. Empeleni, kufana neresiphi yokupheka lapho izithako ziyimiyalo yokugcina futhi umphumela uba umsebenzi ozenzakalelayo ngaphandle kokungenela komuntu.
Ngokomlando, leli khono lokwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo selivele likhona ezinhlelweni ze-Unix kusukela ngawo-70, kodwa ngokufika kwe-Bash ngo-1989, inqubo yaba lula kakhulu. Namuhla, iningi lokusabalalisa kwe-Linux lisebenzisa lo mhumushi, okuqinisekisa ukuthi iskripthi esibhalwe namuhla sizoba ukuguquguquka futhi uvumelane nezimo ezizungezile ezahlukeneIsebenza ngisho naku-Mac noma ku-Windows uma une-terminal ehambisanayo.
Izimiso eziyisisekelo zokudala iskripthi sakho sokuqala
Ukuze uqale ukuhlela, isinyathelo sokuqala ukudala ifayela lombhalo ocacile. Ungasebenzisa abahleli abalula abanjengo I-Nano, i-Vim noma i-EmacsKubalulekile ukuthi umugqa wokuqala wefayela ube yilowo obizwa ngokuthi sheba: #!/bin/bashLo mugqa utshela uhlelo ukuthi lusebenzise umhumushi we-Bash ukuze lusebenzise ikhodi elandelayo.
Umqondo oyinhloko ukuphathwa okuguquguqukayo. Ku-Bash, awudingi ukumemezela uhlobo lwedatha; umane unikeze igama kanye nenani usebenzisa uphawu lokulingana, uqinisekisa ukuthi Ungashiyi izikhala phakathi kwe-variable kanye nesibonakalisoUkuze ubize noma ufunde leyo datha kamuva, mane uyiqale ngophawu lwedola ($Isibonelo, uma uchaza i-variable yokubingelela, uhlelo luzokhumbula lowo mbhalo futhi luwubonise njalo uma uwubiza.
Ukulawulwa kokugeleza kanye nokufakwa kwedatha
Ukuze umbhalo ube nobuhlakani, udinga ukwenza izinqumo. Yilapho... izakhiwo zokulawula ezifana ne-if-elseokuvumela izenzo ezithile ukuthi zenziwe kuphela uma kuhlangatshezwane nesimo esithile. Ngokufanayo, i-loops for y while Zibalulekile ekudluleni ohlwini lwezinto, njengeqoqo lamagama abasebenzisi noma uhlu lwamaseva, okuvumela ukuthi umyalelo owodwa uphindwe kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukuze senze iskripthi sisebenziseke, sisebenzisa umyalo read, evumela bamba okokufaka komsebenzisi ngekhibhodi bese uyigcina ku-variable. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umyalo echo Kuyindlela ejwayelekile yokubonisa ulwazi esikrinini, okwenza kube lula ukuxhumana nomuntu oqhuba inqubo futhi kusiza kakhulu ngesikhathi sesigaba sokulungisa amaphutha ekhodi.
Ukuphathwa kwemvume kanye nokusebenza kwayo
Iphutha elivame kakhulu phakathi kwabaqalayo ukuzama ukusebenzisa iskripthi bese bethola ukuthi uhlelo alunayo imvume yokwenza kanjalo. Ukuze silungise lokhu, sidinga ukusebenzisa umyalo chmod +x kulandelwa igama lefayela. Lokhu kunezela igama khipha imvumeukuvumela ifayela ukuthi lisuke ekubeni umbhalo olula liye ohlelweni olusebenzisekayo.
Ukuze siqalise iskripthi, singasebenzisa indlela ehlobene ./mi_script.sh noma uyibize ngqo nge bash nombre_del_archivo.shKunconywa ukuhlela zonke izikripthi kufolda ethile, ngoba, uma umsebenzi usulungiselelwe, lawa mafayela aba yi- insindiso yomphathi wesistimu ngezikhathi eziphuthumayo.
Imiyalo ebalulekile yokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela
Amandla eqiniso e-Bash alele ekuhlanganisweni kwemiyalo yangaphakathi neyangaphandle. Ukuze siqondise futhi siphathe amafayela, sithembele kuma-classics afana cd, ls, cp y mvKodwa-ke, umlingo uyenzeka uma sisebenzisa amathuluzi okuphatha umbhalo afana grep, awk, sed kanye no-cutokukuvumela ukuthi uhlunge amalogi, useshe amaphethini athile kumafayela okucushwa, noma ukhiphe idatha enembile kusuka kusizindalwazi.
Ngokuphathelene nokuphathwa kohlelo, imiyalo efana top, ps y systemctl Zibalulekile ekuphatheni izinqubo nezinsizakalo. Uma sifuna ukuthatha okuzenzakalelayo siye kwelinye izinga, singasebenzisana namanethiwekhi ngokusebenzisa ssh o scpokusivumela, isibonelo, ukuthi sikhiphe imiyalo kumaseva akude noma ukudlulisa amakhophi agciniwe kumshini wangaphandle ngendlela ezenzakalelayo ngokuphelele.
Izibonelo ezisebenzayo zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela okuthuthukisiwe
Omunye wemisebenzi ekhathazayo kakhulu ukudala ama-akhawunti amaningi. Esikhundleni sokusebenzisa adduser Ngamunye ngamunye, singakha iskripthi esithola uhlu lwamagama nokusetshenziswa useradd kanye chpasswd ukuze lungiselela abasebenzisi namaqembu amaningi konke ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lokhu kuwusizo kakhulu lapho kusetshenziswa izindawo zokusebenza zamaqembu amasha.
Esinye isibonelo esivamile ukuphathwa kokusekelayo. Singahlela iskripthi esidala amafayela acindezelwe nge tar yezinkomba ezibalulekile ezifana /etc o /homeibanika usuku oluzenzakalelayo bese ibathumela kuseva ekude. Ukuze kugwenywe ukudinga ukungenelela komuntu, kusetshenziswa okulandelayo: ishejuli yemisebenzi ye-cronokuvumela ukuthi isipele sisebenze, isibonelo, njalo ebusuku ngo-3:00 AM.
Okokugcina, ukuqapha izinsiza kubalulekile. Ngokuhlanganisa df -h y awkKungenzeka ukudala iskripthi esiqapha isikhala sediski futhi, uma ukusetshenziswa kudlula iphesenti elibalulekile (njenge-90%), thumela ngokuzenzakalelayo i-imeyili yesexwayiso kumphathi, ngaleyo ndlela kuvinjelwe uhlelo ukuthi lungawi ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesitoreji.
Ukwazi kahle la mathuluzi kuguqula ukuphathwa kweseva kusuka emsebenzini owenziwa ngesandla kanye nowenza amaphutha kube inqubo ebushelelezi neyobungcweti. Kusukela ekuphatheni abasebenzisi kuwo wonke amakhulu emishini nge-SSH kuya ekuqapheni impilo yehadiwe njalo, ukubhala nge-Bash kuyisisekelo okwakhelwe phezu kwaso. ukusebenza kahle kunoma iyiphi indawo ye-GNU/Linux.
Okuqukethwe