- I-Raspberry Pi iyindawo efanelekile yokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela ekhaya kanye ne-IoT ngenxa yokusebenzisa kwayo amandla aphansi, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nesistimu enkulu yesofthiwe evulekile.
- Amapulatifomu afana ne-Home Assistant, i-Domoticz, i-OpenHAB noma i-Mycroft akuvumela ukuthi udale ama-smart hubs, abasizi bezwi kanye namasango e-IoT ngaphandle kokuthembela efwini.
- Amamodeli ahlukahlukene e-Raspberry Pi kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwawo nama-microcontrollers kwenza kube lula amaphrojekthi angakhula ekhaya, kwezolimo, embonini kanye nasempilweni.
- Ukuphepha (izibuyekezo, ukubethela, amanethiwekhi ahlukaniswe, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-SSD) kubalulekile uma usebenzisa i-Raspberry Pi njengehabhu lamadivayisi ahlakaniphile.
I -Raspberry Pi isibe ubuchopho obuphelele bokwakha zonke izinhlobo zamadivayisi ahlakaniphile ekhaya, emsebenzini, noma kumaphrojekthi e-IoT athuthukile. Kusukela kuphaneli yokuthinta elula kuya ekulawuleni izibani kuya esangweni lezimboni eliqoqa idatha yezinzwa, le khompyutha encane inikeza amathuba amaningi ngaphandle kokuchitha imali eningi.
Uma unesifiso sokusetha ikhaya elihlakaniphile eliguquguqukayo, elizimele efwini futhi elinokulawula okuphelele kwedatha yakho, ukuhlanganisa i-Raspberry Pi namapulatifomu afana ne -Home Assistant , i-Domoticz, i-OpenHAB, i-Mycroft, noma ezinye izixazululo ezikhethekile ezifana ne-PiDome noma i-Calaos kuwummese wangempela we-Swiss Army. Ake sibheke ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi yini ongayenza, ukuthi iyiphi isofthiwe etholakalayo, nokuthi konke kuhambisana kanjani nomhlaba we-Internet of Things.
I-Raspberry Pi njengesikhungo samadivayisi ahlakaniphile
I-Raspberry Pi iwumndeni wamakhompyutha ebhodi elilodwa (ama-SBC) adalwe e-UK futhi asekelwe kusakhiwo se-Arm, aklanywe kusukela ekuqaleni ukuthi angabizi, asebenziseka ngezindlela eziningi, futhi alula ukuwasebenzisa. Empeleni, lokhu kusho ukuthi ngezindleko ezinengqondo kakhulu, unomshini okwazi ukusebenza amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngesonto njengobuchopho bekhaya lakho elixhunyiwe, iseva yokuzenzakalela, noma isango le-IoT.
Isisekelo kanye nenkampani ngemuva kwale phrojekthi bachithe iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi beklama amadivayisi aqoshwe kahle , anezinguqulo ezisukela kumabhodi akudala (i-Pi 2, 3, 4, 5, 3A+, 3B+) kuya kumamodeli asebenza ngesikhathi sangempela, anamandla aphansi kakhulu njenge-Raspberry Pi Pico nomndeni wama-chip e-RP2. Lokhu kuholele ohlelweni oluchumayo: izigidi zabasebenzisi, izifundo eziningi, kanye nomphakathi osebenzayo ozimisele ukusiza cishe kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi, kusukela emfundweni kuya emikhiqizweni yezentengiselwano.
Ngaphezu kwamabhodi ngokwawo, i-Raspberry Pi inikeza izesekeli ezisemthethweni nezenkampani yangaphandle (izinsiza zikagesi, amakesi, amakhamera, izibonisi, ama-HAT, njll.) futhi igcina inethiwekhi ebanzi yabasabalalisi abaqinisekisiwe kanye nabalingani bokuklama. Kulabo abafuna ukwengeza "ubuhlakani" ohlelweni lomkhiqizo noma lokuzenzakalela ekhaya, inikeza isisekelo esizinzile ngokusekelwa, izitifiketi, kanye nokuthembeka kwesikhathi eside.
Kungani i-Raspberry Pi ifanelana kahle kakhulu nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela kwasekhaya kanye ne-IoT
Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu ze-Pi isilinganiso sayo sentengo nokusebenza . Kunezinhlobo ezingabizi kakhulu, njenge-Pi Zero, ezenzelwe ukuthunyelwa okukhulu noma ama-single node, kanye nezinguqulo ezinamandla kakhulu njenge-Pi 4 noma i-Pi 5 ezikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise iseva yokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela ekhaya, umthengisi we-MQTT, isizindalwazi, ngisho nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-AI emaphethelweni ngaphandle kokujuluka.
Ngokuphathelene nokuxhumeka, ibhodi lihlonyiswe kahle kakhulu: I-Wi-Fi ne-Bluetooth zijwayelekile kumamodeli akamuva, kukhona i-Ethernet port (kwezinye izimo i-Gigabit), i-HDMI yokuxhuma isibonisi, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, amaphini e-GPIO adumile, akuvumela ukuthi uxhume izinzwa ezihlakaniphile , ama-relay, amamojula okuxhumana, nazo zonke izinhlobo ze-elekthronikhi ezengeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iyahambisana nama -dongle e-USB e-Zigbee, Z-Wave, LoRaWAN, LTE, nokuningi, ukuze ukwazi ukukhuluma cishe noma yiluphi "ulimi" lwasekhaya oluhlakaniphile.
Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile indima yalo njengedivayisi "ehlala ivuliwe". I-Raspberry Pi yenzelwe ukusebenzisa amandla amancane kakhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuqhubekayo , okwenza ibe yiseva ezenzakalelayo yasekhaya, isango le-IoT, iseva yemidiya, noma ihabhu ezenzakalelayo esebenza amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngesonto. Akufani nokuba ne-PC enkulu esebenza ngaso sonke isikhathi; umthelela ebhilini lakho likagesi mncane kakhulu.
Konke lokhu kusekelwa umphakathi omkhulu womhlaba wonke , onezinkundla zokuxhumana, imibhalo esemthethweni, kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zamaphrojekthi aqediwe: ukunisela okuzenzakalelayo, iziteshi zesimo sezulu, izinhlelo zokuphepha, izinsimbi zomnyango ezihlakaniphile, amaphaneli okuthinta, abasizi bezwi bendawo, nokuningi. Uma unombono, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi othile usevele enze into efanayo futhi wayibhala phansi.
Izindima ezingadlalwa yi-Raspberry Pi endaweni ehlakaniphile
Kuphrojekthi yekhaya elihlakaniphile noma ye-IoT, i-Raspberry Pi ingathatha izindima eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa, noma igxile kweyodwa uma udinga okuthile okuqondile kakhulu. Empeleni, ukusetshenziswa okuvame kakhulu kugxile emisebenzini emithathu : isango, i-edge computing node, kanye neseva ye-home automation.
Njengesango le-IoT, i-Pi iqoqa idatha evela kuzinzwa kanye nama-actuator (izinga lokushisa, umswakama, i-CO₂, amakhamera, ama-motion detector, amamitha wamandla, njll.) bese iyithumela endaweni efanele: isevisi yamafu njenge-AWS, i-Azure, noma i-Google Cloud, noma iseva yendawo njenge-Home Assistant noma i-Node-RED. Ingahumusha futhi phakathi kwamaphrothokholi ahlukahlukene, isibonelo, kusukela ku-Zigbee kuya ku-MQTT.
Endimeni yayo njengedivayisi yokubala enqenqemeni, i-Raspberry Pi icubungula futhi ihlunge ulwazi endaweni ngaphambi kokuluthumela kwezinye izinhlelo, okuyingxenye yolwazi . Cabanga, isibonelo, umugqa wokukhiqiza lapho imishini iqashwa khona: i-Pi ingahlaziya ukudlidliza, izinga lokushisa, noma ukusetshenziswa kwamandla futhi iqalise izexwayiso lapho ithola into engavamile, ngaphandle kokuya efwini ngokufunda ngakunye, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise ukubambezeleka kanye nokuxhomekeka kokuxhumeka.
Njengeseva yokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela ekhaya, i-Pi ingasebenzisa amapulatifomu afana ne -Home Assistant, i-Domoticz, i-OpenHAB, i-Jeedom, i-PiDome, noma i-LinuxMCE , ihlela izibani, ama-outlet, ama-blinds, ukulawula isimo sezulu, amakhamera, ama-alamu, kanye nezinhlelo zomsindo kusuka endaweni eyodwa. Ngesikrini sokuthinta, iba yiphaneli yokulawula ezinzile; ngokufinyelela okukude okuphephile, isebenza njengekhonsoli yasekhaya ephakathi kusuka noma kuphi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, idlala indima ebalulekile emfundweni kanye nasekwenzeni ama-prototyping: onjiniyela, abenzi, kanye nezikhungo zokuqeqesha bayisebenzisa ukuhlola imibono ngokushesha, ukufundisa izinhlelo, ama-elekthronikhi, kanye ne-IoT, futhi njengesisekelo semikhiqizo ekhiqizwa ngobuningi kamuva. Indlela yokufunda ilula kakhulu ukuyiphatha, okukhuthaza ukuzama ngaphandle kokwesaba.
Amaphrojekthi e-automation yasekhaya kanye ne-IoT nge-Raspberry Pi
Ngamagama asekhaya kuphela, enye yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezivame kakhulu ukulawula ikhaya elihlakaniphile kusetshenziswa i-Raspberry Pi, ukubonakaliswa kobuchwepheshe ekhaya . Isibonelo, uma unezibani, ama-plug, ama-thermostat, ama-blinds, namanye amagajethi asakazeke endlini yakho, ungasetha "iphaneli" encane ene-Pi 4 noma i-Pi 5 kanye nesikrini sokuthinta, ukuze ukhohlwe ukusebenzisa ifoni yakho njalo uma ufuna ukushintsha okuthile.
Isikrini sokuthinta esingu-7 noma esingu-10 intshi esine-resolution engu-1024x600 , esixhunywe nge-HDMI futhi sisebenza nge-Raspberry Pi uqobo, ngokuvamile sanele kule njongo. Amamodeli amaningi aklanyelwe ngqo i-Raspberry Pi futhi afaka nezipikha ezihlanganisiwe, okuvula umnyango wokulawula i-multimedia noma izimpendulo zezwi. Usayizi ube usuya ngokuya ngokuthanda komuntu siqu kanye nesikhala esitholakalayo: amasentimitha angu-7 ngokuvamile alula futhi ayimfihlo; amasentimitha angu-10 anikeza isikhala sesikrini esithe xaxa, kodwa angaba sikhulu uma ufuna ukusifaka odongeni.
Enye yamaphrojekthi ahlaba umxhwele kakhulu emkhakheni we-automation yasekhaya yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi "uMsizi we-Pi Smart Radio ," okwakhelwe ku-Raspberry Pi 4 futhi kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-SDR (umsakazo ochazwe yisoftware). Kulokhu kusetha, i-Pi iba umsizi wasekhaya osebenza ngezwi ofinyelelwa nge-walkie-talkie, ukucubungula imiyalo kanye nokubuyisela izimpendulo zezwi ngomsakazo. Kuyindlela ehlukile yokuba nomsizi ofanayo nowezohwebo, kodwa ngaphandle kokuthembela kumasevisi efu kanye nokulawula okuphelele kobumfihlo.
Lo msizi womsakazo uhlangana ne-Home Assistant ukulawula kude amadivayisi ahlakaniphile (izibani, ama-plug, izinzwa, njll.) ngenkathi egcina konke ukucubungula kusendaweni. Lokhu kukunikeza into efana ne-Alexa noma i-Google Assistant, kodwa ngenzuzo yokuthi kungokwakho, ungayishintsha, futhi ayithumeli umsindo kumaseva angaphandle.
Le phrojekthi iyingxenye yeqoqo elikhulu lamasethingi ahlakaniphile asebenzayo asekhaya asebenzisa i-Raspberry Pi : imisakazo ye-inthanethi kanye nezidlali ze-Bluetooth MP3, ama-jukebox esimanje, izinhlelo zokulawula i-sauna enezinzwa kanye nama-actuator (i-SaunaKit), ama-coffee roaster azenzakalelayo, kanye namadivayisi ahlukahlukene ahlanganisa ukuzenzekela kwasekhaya, umsindo, kanye nokulawula okude. Konke kuncike ekuguquguqukeni kwe-Pi kokuphatha okokufaka kanye nokuphumayo, ukuxhuma kunethiwekhi, nokusebenzisa isofthiwe yangokwezifiso.
Amapulatifomu amakhulu esofthiwe yasekhaya ehlakaniphile ku-Raspberry Pi
Ukuze uthole okuningi nge-Raspberry Pi njengobuchopho bokuzivumelanisa nekhaya noma isango le-IoT, udinga isofthiwe enhle. Ngenhlanhla, uhlelo lwamathuluzi avulekile okusebenza ngokuzenzakalela kwekhaya ku-Raspberry Pi lukhulu, lunezinketho cishe zazo zonke izinga lokunambitheka kanye nesipiliyoni.
Inkanyezi yamanje yi-Home Assistant, uhlelo oluzenzakalelayo oluvulekile olungafakwa njenge- Home Assistant OS (eyayikade i-Hass.io) , isithombe esithile se-Raspberry Pi esihlanganisa uhlelo lokusebenza, isikhombimsebenzisi sewebhu, injini ezenzakalelayo, kanye ne-ecosystem enkulu yezengezo. Ngalesi sixazululo, ulwazi lufana kakhulu nolwedivayisi yasekhaya: ukhanyisa isithombe ekhadini le-microSD noma i-SSD, futhi lapho usivula, uneseva ezenzakalelayo yasekhaya elungele ukusethwa.
I-Home Assistant ivelele ngokusekela kwayo inani elikhulu lokuhlanganiswa : izinhlelo zokulawula ukukhanyisa ezifana nePhilips Hue, Zigbee, Z-Wave, Samsung SmartThings, Sonos, izinsizakalo ezifana ne-IFTTT, amapulatifomu e-multimedia afana ne-Plex, ngisho nokuhlanganiswa ne-Alexa kanye ne-Google Assistant uma ufuna ukuhlanganisa i-cloud kanye nokulawula kwendawo. I-interface ihunyushwe ngesiSpanishi, inomphakathi omkhulu, futhi imibhalo yayo icwebezelisiwe kakhulu, okwenza kube yincomo ephezulu kunoma ubani ofuna ukuqala ngendlela efanele.
I-Domoticz ingenye indlela ethandwa kakhulu, elula futhi esetshenziswa kancane kakhulu , ilungele uma ufuna ukusizakala nge-Raspberry Pi ephansi kakhulu noma ukusetha okwenziwe kahle kakhulu. Ihambisana ne-Z-Wave, i-Zigbee, i-Philips Hue, namanye amadivayisi amaningi, ikuvumela ukuthi ulungiselele imithetho, izigcawu, kanye nemikhuba, futhi ungathumela izaziso nge-imeyili noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuthumela imiyalezo. Konke kuphathwa ngewebhu noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zezinkampani zangaphandle, okwenza kube lula kakhulu.
I-OpenHAB, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iyipulatifomu yokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela ekhaya enomlando omude kanye nemibhalo ebanzi ikakhulukazi ye-Raspberry Pi . Ingumthombo ovulekile, inezinhliziyo zomphakathi othembekile, inikeza ukuhlanganiswa okutholakalayo okungaphezu kuka-200, futhi inezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula ze-Android ne-iOS. Igxile ekubeni "inhlama" ehlanganisa abakhiqizi abahlukene, amaphrothokholi, kanye nobuchwepheshe, ngokusetha okulula uma ulandela iziqondiso zayo zesinyathelo ngesinyathelo.
Ezinye izixazululo ezithakazelisayo zifaka phakathi i-Calaos (uhlelo lokusebenza oluphelele lokuzenzakalela kwasekhaya olunokusekelwa kwama-touchscreen, izinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu kanye neseva yewebhu, kanye nemibhalo eminingi ngesiFulentshi), i-Jeedom (ephinde ibe nomthombo ovulekile, enenketho yamadivayisi alungiselelwe kusengaphambili kulabo abangafuni ukusetha konke kusukela ekuqaleni), i-PiDome (eqondiswe ngqo ku-Raspberry Pi, enephaneli engenziwa ngokwezifiso) kanye ne-LinuxMCE, ehlanganisa imisebenzi yesikhungo se-multimedia kanye ne-home automation ekusabalalisweni kwe-Linux okuguquguqukayo kakhulu.
Abasizi bezwi kanye nokulawula ulimi lwemvelo ku-Raspberry Pi
Ngaphandle kwamapulatifomu endabuko okuzenzakalelayo kwekhaya, kunezinhlelo eziguqula i-Raspberry Pi ibe umsizi wezwi ohlakaniphile we-DIY ophelele . Isibonelo esaziwa kakhulu yi-Mycroft, umsizi womthombo ovulekile osebenza ku-Linux futhi onesithombe esikhethekile se-Pi, kanye nezinguqulo ezilungele ukusetshenziswa zokusabalalisa okujwayelekile njenge-Raspberry Pi OS.
Nge-Mycroft, ungakha "isipikha esihlakaniphile" sakho esisekelwe ku-Raspberry Pi usebenzisa imakrofoni ye-USB, isipikha, kanye nekhadi le-microSD . Ukusuka lapho, ungafaka amakhono (amamojula asebenzayo) anikeza izici ezifana nokuphakelwa kwezindaba, ukulawula imidiya, ukusesha iwebhu, kanye, nokuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela ekhaya ukulawula izibani, ama-plug, noma amanye amadivayisi ngezwi.
Inketho enamandla kakhulu ukuhlanganisa i-Mycroft ne-Home Assistant noma i-Plasma Bigscreen OS. I-Plasma Bigscreen iyisistimu eyenzelwe ukuguqula i-Raspberry Pi ibe yi -PC yeshashalazi yasekhaya ene-interface efana ne-Android TV , futhi ihlanganisa ne-Mycroft njengejwayelekile. Ngale ndlela, ngokufakwa okukodwa, ungaba nesikhungo semidiya, umsizi wezwi, kanye nephaneli yokulawula ehlakaniphile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ixhunywe ku-TV egumbini lokuphumula noma esikrinini sokuthinta esifakwe odongeni.
I-Pi Smart Radio Assistant eshiwo ngenhla ingenye indlela ehlukile: esikhundleni sokusebenzisa imakrofoni eqondile, ithembele kumsakazo we-SDR kanye nama-walkie-talkie ukudala isiteshi sezwi esihlukaniswe nge-decentralized esingaxhunyiwe efwini , sigcina ingqondo yomsizi ohlakaniphile kodwa sigxile kubumfihlo kanye nezimo lapho ukumbozwa kwedatha kungaqinisekisiwe.
I-Raspberry Pi njengesango le-IoT kanye neseva
Ngomongo obanzi we-Internet of Things, i-Raspberry Pi isebenza njengohlobo lwe- node ephakathi komhlaba wezinto ezibonakalayo nowedijithali . Ithola idatha evela kuzinzwa (izinga lokushisa, umswakama, ikhwalithi yomoya, ukuba khona, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla), iyicubungule, bese iyithumela kwezinye izinhlelo ukuze igcinwe, ihlaziywe, noma iboniswe ngeso lengqondo.
Kulesi simo, incike kakhulu kumaphrothokholi alula aklanyelwe amadivayisi anezinsiza ezilinganiselwe. Okubaluleke kakhulu yi -MQTT, indinganiso ebaluleke kakhulu kunoma yiluphi ulwakhiwo lwesimanje lwe-IoT. I-Raspberry Pi ingasebenzisa umthengisi we-MQTT njengoMosquitto, esebenza njengendawo yokuhlangana yezinzwa (ezishicilela idatha) kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza (eziyisebenzisayo).
Ingaphatha nezinye izinqubo ezithile, njenge -CoAP (elungiselelwe amadivayisi amancane) , i-HTTP/HTTPS ukuze kuhlanganiswe ngendlela evamile, futhi ngenxa yama-dongle e-USB, ingasebenza namanethiwekhi anamandla aphansi, akude njenge-Zigbee, i-Z-Wave, noma i-LoRaWAN. I-Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) ivumela i-Pi ukuthi ixhumane nama-beacon, izinzwa zokusondelana, kanye nezinto ezigqokwayo.
Ukuze uhlele ukugeleza kwedatha ngokubona, ithuluzi elivame kakhulu ku-Raspberry Pi yi-Node-RED, enikeza uhlelo olusekelwe ku-node kanye nokuxhumeka . Ngalo, ungakwazi, isibonelo, ukubhalisela isihloko se-MQTT, ukucubungula ukufundwa, ukugcine kudathabheyisi yesikhashana efana ne-InfluxDB, bese uzibona ngeso lengqondo nge-Grafana kumadeshibhodi enziwe ngokwezifiso.
Uma ukuthunyelwa kukhula, kunengqondo kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-Docker ukufaka izinsizakalo ze-IoT (umthengisi we-MQTT, iseva yewebhu, uMsizi Wekhaya, izizindalwazi, njll.) ngisho namapulatifomu afana ne-BalenaOS ukuphatha inqwaba yamadivayisi e-Raspberry Pi asatshalaliswa ngokwendawo, okwenza kube lula ukuvuselelwa nokugcinwa ngezinga elikhulu.
Ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo ekhaya, kwezolimo, embonini kanye nasempilweni
Ekhaya, i-Raspberry Pi ikuvumela ukuthi wakhe noma yini kusukela kuphaneli yokulawula elula yezibani, ama-blinds, kanye nokushisa kuya ezinhlelweni zokuqapha amandla, ama-alamu anamakhamera e-IP axhunyiwe kanye nesitoreji sendawo, noma iziteshi zokuqapha ikhwalithi yomoya. Ungavula futhi uvale izibani, ulawule i-thermostat, ulungiselele izigcawu zasebusuku noma zeholide, futhi konke kubekwe endaweni eyodwa.
Kwezolimo, i-Raspberry Pi ilungele kahle amaphrojekthi okunisela ahlakaniphile kanye nezindawo zokugcina izithombo ezixhunyiwe . Umswakama wenhlabathi, izinga lokushisa, kanye nezinzwa zokukhanya zondla i-Raspberry Pi ngedatha engaguquki; ngokusekelwe emithethweni noma ngisho namamodeli okubikezela, ivula noma ivale ama-valve e-solenoid, ivule umoya, noma ithumele izexwayiso uma kukhona okungajwayelekile. Nge-LoRaWAN, izindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba zingambozwa ngaphandle kokudinga i-Wi-Fi yonke indawo.
Ngaphakathi kwe-Industry 4.0 ebizwa ngokuthi i-Industry 4.0, i-Raspberry Pi ingasetshenziswa ukuqoqa amamethrikhi kusuka emishinini nasemaphaneli kagesi , ukuthumela idatha ezinhlelweni ze-SCADA noma kumapulatifomu okuhlaziya, futhi ngosizo lwemitapo yolwazi ye-AI elungiselelwe i-ARM (TensorFlow Lite, PyTorch), yenza ukulungiswa kokubikezela: i-Pi ngokwayo ithola amaphethini angajwayelekile alindele ukuphazamiseka, ngaleyo ndlela igweme isikhathi sokuphumula esibizayo.
Emikhakheni yezempilo kanye nocwaningo, ikhono layo lokucubungula idatha ebucayi ngaphandle kwesidingo sefu langaphandle liyasetshenziswa . Lokhu kufaka phakathi iziteshi zokuqapha imvelo zasendaweni (isibonelo, ukulawulwa kwezinhlayiya emalabhorethri), amadivayisi okurekhoda kwezokwelapha emitholampilo noma emakamelweni okuhlinzwa, kanye namapulatifomu ocwaningo lapho ulwazi lugcinwa khona kumaseva alawulwa yisikhungo uqobo.
Konke lokhu kuncike kusethi efanayo yezingxenye: amaphrothokholi alula, ibhodi elingabizi kodwa elikwaziyo, isofthiwe yokuzenzakalela enakekelwa kahle, kanye nekhono lokulungisa izinga lobunzima ngokwesidingo , kusukela ku-sensor eyodwa kuya ekufakweni okunama-node amaningi.
Amamodeli e-Raspberry Pi kanye nezinketho zamaphrojekthi ahlakaniphile
Uma uhlela iphrojekthi yedivayisi ehlakaniphile ye-Raspberry Pi, udinga ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi imodeli efaneleka kakhulu . I-node yenzwa elula esebenza ngebhethri ayifani neseva yokuzenzakalela yasekhaya enesizindalwazi, isikhombikubona sewebhu, kanye nokucutshungulwa kwezwi.
Emisebenzini elula kakhulu, njengokufunda inzwa eyodwa noma ezimbili nokuthumela idatha nge-Wi-Fi noma i-UART, i -Raspberry Pi Zero noma i-Zero W yanele kakhulu: zisebenzisa amandla amancane kakhulu, azibizi kakhulu, futhi zingena cishe noma kuphi. Ngephaneli yokuthinta odongeni noma ihabhu eliqinile lokuzenzakalela ekhaya, ngokuvamile kungcono ukukhetha i-Pi 4 noma i-Pi 5, enikeza i-RAM eningi, i-CPU engcono, kanye nenketho yokusebenzisa isitoreji se-SSD esisheshayo (esimweni se-Pi 5, ngisho ne-NVMe).
Amamodeli aphakathi afana ne- Pi 3, 3A+, kanye ne-3B+ ahlala efaneleka ngokuphelele ekufakweni okuningi futhi avame ukuthengeka kalula emakethe esetshenzisiwe. Agcina uxhumano lwe-Wi-Fi kanye ne-Bluetooth, kanye namaphini e-GPIO, ngakho aqhubeka nokusebenza kahle njengamaseva amancane noma amasango.
Uma kugxilwe ekulawuleni kwesikhathi sangempela ngokusebenzisa amandla aphansi kakhulu, umndeni wakwaRaspberry Pi Pico kanye nama-chip e-RP2 kungaba yinto ethakazelisayo , njengoba kuyi-microcontrollers kunokuba amakhompyutha aphelele. Amaphrojekthi amaningi ayawahlanganisa: i-ESP32 noma i-Pico-type microcontroller iphatha ukufundwa kwenzwa kanye nokusebenza kwendawo, kuyilapho i-Raspberry Pi ejwayelekile isebenza njenge-gateway kanye ne-processor yezinga eliphezulu.
Isihluthulelo ukuqonda ukuthi i-Raspberry Pi kanye nama-microcontroller awancintisani, ayaphelelisana . I-microcontroller iphatha ihadiwe, kuyilapho i-Pi ihlanganisa idatha, igcina umlando, inikeza amadeshibhodi, futhi ingasebenzisa amamodeli e-logic ayinkimbinkimbi noma ngisho ne-AI.
Ukuphepha kanye nemikhuba emihle kumaphrojekthi ahlakaniphile nge-Raspberry Pi
Ngokuguqula i-Raspberry Pi ibe yisikhungo sokulawula samadivayisi amaningi ahlakaniphile , ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi yasekhaya kusuka ekubeni imininingwane encane kuya ekubeni yinkinga ebalulekile. Ukungalungi okukodwa kungavula umnyango kuyo yonke inethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya noma ngisho nezinhlelo zakho zezimboni.
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukugcina uhlelo lokusebenza namaphakheji kuvuselelwa njalo . I-Raspberry Pi OS kanye nokusabalalisa okuhlukahlukene okuzenzakalelayo kwasekhaya kuvame ukukhipha ama-patches okuphepha, futhi kuyalulekwa ukuwasebenzisa. Kunconywa futhi ukukhubaza izinsizakalo ezingasetshenziswanga bese ushintsha ngokushesha amaphasiwedi azenzakalelayo.
Ukuze uthole ukufinyelela okukude, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-SSH enokuqinisekiswa kokhiye esikhundleni samaphasiwedi alula. Uma uxhuma ungaphandle kwenethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya, kungcono ukusetha i-VPN noma ukusebenzisa izindlela zokufinyelela ezivikelekile ezinikezwa amapulatifomu ngokwawo (isibonelo, izinsizakalo ezisemthethweni zoMsizi Wasekhaya) kunokuvula amachweba ngokungahleliwe.
Emkhakheni wokuxhumana kwe-IoT, ukuvumela i-TLS ye-MQTT nezinye izinqubo kunconywa kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukubethela kwedatha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ochwepheshe abaningi beluleka ukuhlukanisa inethiwekhi ye-IoT nenye inethiwekhi yasekhaya kusetshenziswa ama-VLAN, ukuze uma idivayisi isengozini, umthelela uhlukaniswe.
Okokugcina, uma i-Pi izohlala ibhalela idiski (amalogi, izizindalwazi, imilando yezinzwa), kungumqondo omuhle ukusebenzisa i-SSD esikhundleni sekhadi le-microSD elilula , eliwohloka ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokhu kwandisa ukuthembeka kwesikhathi eside futhi kunciphisa amathuba okwehluleka okukhulu enhliziyweni yesistimu yakho ehlakaniphile.
Uma ucabanga ngakho konke okungenhla, kusobala ukuthi i-Raspberry Pi izisungule njengenye yezinsika zamadivayisi ahlakaniphile kanye ne-IoT yesimanje: ihlanganisa intengo yokuncintisana, ukuguquguquka okukhulu, uhlelo lwesofthiwe oluvuthiwe (i-Home Assistant, i-Domoticz, i-OpenHAB, i-Mycroft, i-Node-RED, i-Mosquitto, i-Grafana, i-Docker, i-BalenaOS nabanye abaningi) kanye nekhono lokusebenza kokubili kumaphrojekthi asekhaya kanye nokufakwa okungathi sína kwezolimo, imboni noma impilo, okunikeza ibhalansi ekhangayo kakhulu phakathi kwamandla, izindleko, ukulawula kwendawo kanye nobumfihlo.
