Amadivayisi ahlakaniphile ane-Raspberry Pi kanye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela kwasekhaya okuthuthukisiwe

Informatec Digital » Izinsiza » Amadivayisi ahlakaniphile ane-Raspberry Pi kanye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela kwasekhaya okuthuthukisiwe

La I-Raspberry Pi isibe ubuchopho obuphelele ukuhlanganisa zonke izinhlobo amadivayisi ahlakaniphile Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usekhaya, emsebenzini, noma kumaphrojekthi e-IoT athuthukile, le khompyutha encane inikeza amathuba ahlukahlukene, kusukela kuphaneli yokuthinta elula kuya ezibanini zokulawula kuya esangweni lezimboni eliqoqa idatha yezinzwa, konke ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imali eningi.

Uma unesifiso sokusetha i- ikhaya elihlakaniphile eliguquguqukayo, ngaphandle kokuthembela efwini Futhi ngokulawula okuphelele kwedatha yakho, inhlanganisela ye-Raspberry Pi namapulatifomu afana ne- Umsizi WekhayaI-Domoticz, i-OpenHAB, i-Mycroft, noma ezinye izixazululo ezikhethekile njenge-PiDome noma i-Calaos ziwummese we-Swiss Army wangempela. Ake sibheke ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi yini ongayenza, ukuthi iyiphi isofthiwe etholakalayo, nokuthi konke kuhambisana kanjani nomhlaba we-Internet of Things.

I-Raspberry Pi njengesikhungo samadivayisi ahlakaniphile

I-Raspberry Pi umndeni wamakhompyutha ebhodi elilodwa (SBC) yadalwa e-UK futhi isekelwe ku-Arm architecture, yaklanywa kusukela ekuqaleni ukuthi ingabizi, isebenziseka ngezindlela eziningi, futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Empeleni, lokhu kusho ukuthi ngezindleko ezinengqondo kakhulu, unomshini okwazi ukusebenza amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngesonto njengobuchopho bekhaya lakho elixhunyiwe, iseva yokuzenzakalela, noma isango le-IoT.

Isisekelo kanye nenkampani ephethe lo msebenzi bebelokhu beklama iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi imishini ye-modular nebhalwe kahle kakhuluNjengoba kunezinguqulo ezisukela kumabhodi akudala (i-Pi 2, 3, 4, 5, 3 A+, 3 B+) kuya kumamodeli asebenza ngesikhathi sangempela nangamandla aphansi kakhulu njenge-Raspberry Pi Pico nomndeni wama-chip e-RP2, uhlelo lwe-ecosystem luqhumile: kunezigidi zabasebenzisi, izifundo eziningi, kanye nomphakathi osebenzayo ozimisele ukusiza cishe kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi, kusukela emfundweni kuya emikhiqizweni yezentengiselwano.

Ngaphezu kwamabhodi ngokwawo, i-Raspberry Pi inikeza izesekeli ezisemthethweni nezesithathu (izinto zikagesi, izindawo zokugcina izinto, amakhamera, izibonisi, ama-HAT…) futhi igcina inethiwekhi ebanzi yabasabalalisi abaqinisekisiwe kanye nabalingani bokuklama. Kulabo abafuna ukwengeza “ubuhlakani” ohlelweni lomkhiqizo noma lokuzenzakalela ekhaya, lunikeza isisekelo esiqinile ngokusekelwa, izitifiketi, kanye nokuqhubeka kwesikhathi eside.

Kungani i-Raspberry Pi ifanelana kahle kakhulu nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela kwasekhaya kanye ne-IoT

Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu ze-Pi ukuthi inani lemaliKukhona amamodeli angabizi kakhulu, njenge-Pi Zero, aklanyelwe ukuthunyelwa okukhulu noma ama-node alula, kanye nezinguqulo ezinamandla kakhulu njenge-Pi 4 noma i-Pi 5 ezikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise iseva yokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela ekhaya, umthengisi we-MQTT, isizindalwazi ngisho nezinhlelo zokusebenza zobuhlakani bokwenziwa emaphethelweni ngaphandle kokujuluka.

Ngokuphathelene nokuxhumana, ibhodi lihlonyiswe kahle kakhulu: I-Wi-Fi ne-Bluetooth njengenjwayelo Kumamodeli akamuva, kukhona i-Ethernet port (kwezinye izimo i-Gigabit), i-HDMI yokuxhuma isikrini, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke amaphini e-GPIO adumile, akuvumela ukuthi uxhume. izinzwa ezihlakaniphileama-relay, amamojula okuxhumana, nazo zonke izinhlobo ze-elekthronikhi ezengeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iyahambisana ne Ama-dongle e-USB e-Zigbee, Z‑Wave, LoRaWAN, LTE kanye nenkampani, ukuze ukwazi ukukhuluma cishe noma yiluphi "ulimi" lwasekhaya oluhlakaniphile.

Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile yindima yalo njengedivayisi "ehlala ivuliwe". I-Raspberry Pi yakhelwe ukwenza sebenzisa amandla amancane kakhulu ekusebenzeni okuqhubekayoLokhu kuyenza ibe yinhle kakhulu njengeseva yokuzenzakalela ekhaya, isango le-IoT, iseva ye-multimedia, noma ihabhu yokuzenzakalela esebenza amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngesonto. Akufani nokuba ne-PC enkulu esebenza ngaso sonke isikhathi; umthelela ebhilini lakho likagesi mncane kakhulu.

Konke lokhu kusekelwe ku- umphakathi omkhulu womhlaba wonkeNgamaforamu, imibhalo esemthethweni, nazo zonke izinhlobo zamaphrojekthi aqediwe—ukunisela okuzenzakalelayo, iziteshi zezulu, izinhlelo zokuphepha, izinsimbi zomnyango ezihlakaniphile, amaphaneli okuthinta, abasizi bezwi bendawo, njll. —uma unombono, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi othile usevele enze into efanayo futhi wayibhala phansi.

Izindima ezingadlalwa yi-Raspberry Pi endaweni ehlakaniphile

Kuphrojekthi yekhaya elihlakaniphile noma ye-IoT, i-Raspberry Pi ingathatha izindima eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa, noma igxile kweyodwa uma udinga okuthile okuqondile kakhulu. Empeleni, Ukusetshenziswa okuvame kakhulu kugxile emisebenzini emithathu: isango, i-edge computing node kanye neseva yokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela ekhaya.

Njengesango le-IoT, i-Pi inesibopho sokwenza lokhu ukuqoqa idatha kusuka kuzinzwa kanye nama-actuator (izinga lokushisa, umswakama, i-CO₂, amakhamera, ama-motion detector, amamitha wamandla…) bese uwathumela noma kuphi lapho kudingeka aye khona: isevisi yamafu njenge-AWS, i-Azure, noma i-Google Cloud, noma iseva yendawo njenge-Home Assistant noma i-Node-RED. Ingahumusha futhi phakathi kwamaphrothokholi ahlukahlukene, isibonelo, kusukela ku-Zigbee kuya ku-MQTT.

Endimeni yedivayisi yokubala enqenqemeni, i-Raspberry Pi izinqubo futhi ihlunge ulwazi endaweni ngaphambi kokuyithumela kwezinye izinhlelo, okuyingxenye ye ukwenziwa kwedatha kwedatha yakhoCabanga, isibonelo, ngomugqa wokukhiqiza lapho imishini iqashwa khona: i-Pi ingahlaziya ukudlidliza, izinga lokushisa noma ukusetshenziswa kukagesi futhi iqalise izexwayiso lapho ithola into engavamile, ngaphandle kokuya efwini ngokufunda ngakunye, okunciphisa ukubambezeleka kanye nokuthembela ekuxhumekeni.

Njengeseva yokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela ekhaya, i-Pi ingasebenzisa amapulatifomu afana nalawa Umsizi Wasekhaya, i-Domoticz, i-OpenHAB, i-Jeedom, i-PiDome noma i-LinuxMCEukuhlela izibani, izindawo zokuphuma, ama-blind, ukulawula isimo sezulu, amakhamera, ama-alamu, kanye nezinhlelo zomsindo kusuka endaweni eyodwa. Ngesikrini sokuthinta, iba yiphaneli yokulawula egxilile; ngokufinyelela okukude okuphephile, isebenza njengekhonsoli ephakathi yekhaya kusuka noma kuphi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu emfundweni kanye nasekwenzeni amaphrothotayipi: onjiniyela, abenzi kanye nezikhungo zokuqeqesha Bayisebenzisela ukuhlola imibono ngokushesha, ukufundisa izinhlelo, izinto zikagesi, kanye ne-IoT, futhi njengesisekelo semikhiqizo ezoba yezimboni kamuva. Indlela yokufunda inengqondo kakhulu, futhi lokho kukhuthaza ukuzama ngaphandle kokwesaba.

Amaphrojekthi e-automation yasekhaya kanye ne-IoT nge-Raspberry Pi

Ngamagama asekhaya kuphela, enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu ukusetshenziswa yilezo ukulawula okuphelele kwekhaya elihlakaniphile kusuka ku-Raspberry Pi, ukubonakaliswa kwe ubuchwepheshe ekhayaIsibonelo, uma unezibani, ama-plug, ama-thermostat, ama-blind, nezinye izinto ezisakazeke endlini yakho, ungasetha "iphaneli" encane ene-Pi 4 noma i-Pi 5 kanye nesikrini sokuthinta ukuze ukhohlwe ngocingo lwakho oluphathwayo njalo uma ufuna ukushintsha okuthile.

Isikrini sokuthinta ngokuvamile sanele kulokhu. Isikrini esingu-7 noma esingu-10 intshi esine-resolution engu-1024×600Ixhuma nge-HDMI futhi inikwe amandla yi-Raspberry Pi uqobo. Amamodeli amaningi aklanyelwe ngqo i-Raspberry Pi futhi afaka nezipikha ezakhelwe ngaphakathi, okuvula umnyango wokuhlanganisa izilawuli ze-multimedia noma izixwayiso zezwi. Usayizi ube usuya ngokuya ngokuthanda komuntu siqu kanye nesikhala esitholakalayo: amasentimitha angu-7 ngokuvamile alula futhi ayimfihlo; amasentimitha angu-10 anikeza indawo engaphezulu, kodwa angaba makhulu uma ufuna ukuyifaka odongeni.

Enye yemisebenzi ehlaba umxhwele kakhulu emkhakheni wasekhaya yileyo ebizwa ngokuthi “Umsizi Womsakazo Ohlakaniphile we-Pi”Yakhelwe ku-Raspberry Pi 4 futhi isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-SDR (umsakazo ochazwe yisoftware), lokhu kusetha kuguqula i-Pi ibe umsizi wasekhaya osebenza ngezwi ofinyelelwa nge-walkie-talkie. Icubungula imiyalo futhi ibuyisele izimpendulo zezwi ngomsakazo. Kuyindlela ehlukile yokuba nomsizi wezwi ofana nowatholakala kwezentengiselwano, kodwa ngaphandle kokuncika kumasevisi wamafu futhi nokulawula okuphelele ubumfihlo.

Lo msizi womsakazo uhlangana noMsizi Wasekhaya ukuze akwazi phatha amadivayisi ahlakaniphile ukude (izibani, ama-plug, izinzwa, njll.) zigcina konke kucutshungulwa endaweni. Ngale ndlela, uthola into efana ne-Alexa noma i-Google Assistant, kodwa ngenzuzo yokuthi ingeyakho, ungayishintsha, futhi ayithumeli umsindo kumaseva angaphandle.

Leyo phrojekthi iyingxenye yeqoqo elikhulu le- Ukusetha ikhaya elihlakaniphile okusebenzayo nge-Raspberry PiImisakazo ye-inthanethi kanye nezidlali ze-MP3 ezine-Bluetooth, ama-jukebox esimanje, izinhlelo zokulawula i-sauna nge izinzwa kanye actuators (SaunaKit), ama-coffee roaster azenzakalelayo, kanye namadivayisi ahlukahlukene ahlanganisa ukuzenzekela kwasekhaya, umsindo, kanye nokulawula okude. Konke kuncike ekuguquguqukeni kwe-Pi kokuphatha okufakwayo kanye nokuphumayo, ukuxhuma kunethiwekhi, kanye nokusebenzisa isofthiwe yangokwezifiso.

Amapulatifomu amakhulu esofthiwe yasekhaya ehlakaniphile ku-Raspberry Pi

Ukuze uthole okuningi ku-Raspberry Pi njengobuchopho bokuzivumelanisa nekhaya noma isango le-IoT, udinga isofthiwe enhle. Ngenhlanhla, uhlelo lwezinhlelo zokusebenza zamathuluzi avulekile Uhlu lwezixazululo zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela ekhaya ze-Raspberry Pi lukhulu, lunezinketho ezifanela cishe wonke amazinga okunambitheka kanye nolwazi.

Inkanyezi yamanje yi-Home Assistant, uhlelo oluzenzakalelayo oluvulekile olungafakwa njenge I-Home Assistant OS (eyayikade i-Hass.io)Isithombe esiqondile se-Raspberry Pi esihlanganisa uhlelo lokusebenza, isikhombikubona sewebhu, injini yokuzenzakalela, kanye ne-ecosystem enkulu yezengezo. Ngalesi sixazululo, isipiliyoni sifana kakhulu nesedivayisi yasekhaya: ukhanyisa isithombe ekhadini le-microSD noma i-SSD, futhi uma usivula, uneseva yokuzenzakalela yasekhaya elungele ukusethwa.

Umsizi Wasekhaya uvelele ngenxa yakhe ukwesekwa kwenani elikhulu lokuhlanganiswa: izinhlelo zokulawula ukukhanya Isekela ubuchwepheshe obufana nePhilips Hue, Zigbee, Z-Wave, Samsung SmartThings, Sonos, izinsizakalo ezifana ne-IFTTT, amapulatifomu emidiya afana nePlex, ngisho nokuhlanganiswa ne-Alexa kanye ne-Google Assistant uma ufuna ukuhlanganisa ifu kanye nokulawula kwendawo. I-interface ihunyushwe ngesiSpanishi, inomphakathi omkhulu, futhi imibhalo yayo icocekile kakhulu, okwenza kube yincomo ephezulu kunoma ubani ofuna ukuqala ngendlela efanele.

I-Domoticz ingenye indlela ethandwa kakhulu, elula futhi enezici eziningi. ukusetshenziswa okuphansi kakhulu kwezinsizaKuhle uma ufuna ukusizakala nge-Raspberry Pi ephansi kakhulu noma ukusetha okulungiselelwe kakhulu. Kuhambisana ne-Z-Wave, i-Zigbee, i-Philips Hue, namanye amadivayisi amaningi, kukuvumela ukuthi ulungiselele imithetho, izigcawu, kanye nemikhuba, futhi ungathumela izaziso nge-imeyili noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuthumela imiyalezo. Konke kuphathwa ngewebhu noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zezinkampani zangaphandle, okwenza kube lula kakhulu.

I-OpenHAB, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iyipulatifomu yokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela ekhaya ene umlando omude kanye nemibhalo eminingi ethile ye-Raspberry PiIwumthombo ovulekile, inomphakathi othembekile, ukuhlanganiswa okungaphezu kuka-200 okutholakalayo, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula ze-Android ne-iOS. Igxile ekubeni "inhlaka" ehlanganisa abakhiqizi abahlukene, amaphrothokholi, kanye nobuchwepheshe, ngokusetha okulula uma ulandela iziqondiso zayo zesinyathelo ngesinyathelo.

Ezinye izixazululo ezithakazelisayo zifaka phakathi i-Calaos (uhlelo oluphelele lokusebenza oluzenzakalelayo lwasekhaya olunokusekelwa kwama-touchscreen, izinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu, kanye neseva yewebhu, enemibhalo eminingi ngesiFulentshi), i-Jeedom (ephinde ibe nomthombo ovulekile, enenketho yamadivayisi alungiselelwe kusengaphambili kulabo abangafuni ukwakha konke kusukela ekuqaleni), i-PiDome (eqondiswe ngqo ku-Raspberry Pi, enephaneli engenziwa ngokwezifiso), kanye ne-LinuxMCE, ehlanganisa izici ze isikhungo se-multimedia kanye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela kwasekhaya ekusakazweni kwe-Linux okuguquguqukayo kakhulu.

Abasizi bezwi kanye nokulawula ulimi lwemvelo ku-Raspberry Pi

Ngaphandle kwamapulatifomu akudala okwenza izinto zibe ngokoqobo ekhaya, kunezinhlelo eziguqula i-Raspberry Pi ibe yi- umsizi wezwi ohlakaniphile ozenzela wenaIsibonelo esaziwa kakhulu yiMycroft, umsizi womthombo ovulekile osebenza ku-Linux futhi onesithombe esithile se-Pi, kanye nezinguqulo ezilungele ukusetshenziswa ekusakazweni okujwayelekile njenge-Raspberry Pi OS.

Nge-Mycroft ungakha "isipikha esihlakaniphile" sakho esisekelwe ku-Raspberry Pi usebenzisa i- Imakrofoni ye-USB, isikhulumi, kanye nekhadi le-microSDUkusuka lapho, kungenzeka ukufaka amakhono (amamojula okusebenza) anikeza izinto ezifana nezindaba, ukulawula imidiya, imibuzo yewebhu kanye, vele, ukuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela ekhaya ukulawula izibani, ama-plug noma amanye amadivayisi ngezwi.

Inketho enamandla kakhulu ukuhlanganisa i-Mycroft ne-Home Assistant noma i-Plasma Bigscreen OS. I-Plasma Bigscreen uhlelo oluklanyelwe ukuguqula i-Pi ibe yi- I-PC yethiyetha yasekhaya ene-interface efana ne-Android TVokuhlanganisa neMycroft njengejwayelekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngokufakwa okukodwa ungaba nesikhungo se-multimedia, umsizi wezwi, kanye nephaneli yokulawula ehlakaniphile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isegumbini lokuphumula elixhunywe ku-TV noma esikrinini sokuthinta esifakwe odongeni.

Umsizi Womsakazo Ohlakaniphile we-Pi oshiwo ngenhla ungenye indlela ehlukile: esikhundleni sokusebenzisa imakrofoni eqondile, uthembele kumsakazo we-SDR kanye nama-walkie-talkie ukudala isiteshi sezwi esihlukaniswe ngezigaba esingaxhunyiwe efwiniUkulondoloza umqondo womsizi ohlakaniphile kodwa kugxilwe ekuyimfihlo nasezimweni lapho ukumbozwa kwedatha kungaqinisekisiwe.

I-Raspberry Pi njengesango le-IoT kanye neseva

Ngomongo obanzi we-Internet of Things, i-Raspberry Pi isebenza njengohlobo lwe- i-node ephakathi phakathi kwezwe elingokoqobo neledijithaliIthola idatha evela kuzinzwa (izinga lokushisa, umswakama, ikhwalithi yomoya, ukuba khona, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla), iyicubungule bese iyithumela kwezinye izinhlelo ukuze igcinwe, ihlaziywe noma iboniswe ngeso lengqondo.

Kulesi simo, incike kakhulu kumaphrothokholi alula aklanyelwe amadivayisi anezinsiza ezilinganiselwe. Ebaluleke kakhulu yile I-MQTT, indinganiso ebaluleke kakhulu kunoma yiluphi uhlaka lwesimanje lwe-IoT. I-Pi ingasebenzisa umthengisi we-MQTT njengoMosquitto, esebenza njengendawo yokuhlangana yezinzwa (ezishicilela idatha) kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza (eziyisebenzisayo).

Ingaphatha nezinye izinqubo ezithile, njenge I-CoAP (elungiselelwe amadivayisi amancane)I-HTTP/HTTPS yokuhlanganiswa kwendabuko, futhi ngenxa yama-dongle e-USB ingasebenza namanethiwekhi anamandla aphansi, akude njenge-Zigbee, i-Z-Wave, noma i-LoRaWAN. I-Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) ivumela i-Pi ukuthi ixhumane nama-beacon, izinzwa zokusondelana, kanye nezinto ezigqokwayo.

Ukuze uhlele ukugeleza kwedatha ngokubonakalayo, ithuluzi elivame kakhulu ku-Raspberry Pi yi-Node-RED, enikeza uhlelo kanye nokuxhumana okusekelwe ku-nodeNgayo, isibonelo, ungabhalisela isihloko se-MQTT, ucubungule okufundwayo, ukugcine kudathabheyisi yesikhashana efana ne-InfluxDB, bese ubonisa nge-Grafana kumadeshibhodi enziwe ngokwezifiso.

Uma ukuthunyelwa kukhula, kunengqondo kakhulu ukusebenzisa I-Docker yokufaka izinsiza ze-IoT (umthengisi we-MQTT, iseva yewebhu, uMsizi Wasekhaya, izizindalwazi, njll.) ngisho namapulatifomu afana ne-BalenaOS ukuphatha imikhumbi yamadivayisi e-Raspberry Pi asatshalaliswe ngokwendawo, okwenza kube lula ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokugcinwa okukhulu.

Ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo ekhaya, kwezolimo, embonini kanye nasempilweni

Ekhaya, i-Raspberry Pi ikuvumela ukuthi usethe noma yini kusukela ku- iphaneli yokulawula yezibani, ama-blinds kanye nokushisa kufaka phakathi izinhlelo zokuqapha amandla kanye nama-alamu ane amakhamera e-IP axhunyiwe kanye nendawo yokugcina izinto, noma iziteshi zokuqapha ikhwalithi yomoya. Sivula futhi sivale izibani, silawule i-thermostat, simise izigcawu zasebusuku noma zeholide, futhi konke kubekwe endaweni eyodwa.

Kwezolimo, i-Pi ifanelana kahle namaphrojekthi e- Ukunisela okuhlakaniphile kanye nezindawo zokugcina izithombo ezixhunyiweUmswakama womhlabathi, izinga lokushisa, kanye nezinzwa zokukhanya zondla i-Raspberry Pi ngedatha engaguquki; ngokusekelwe emithethweni noma ngisho namamodeli okubikezela, ivula noma ivale ama-valve e-solenoid, ivule umoya, noma ithumele izexwayiso uma kukhona okungajwayelekile. Nge-LoRaWAN, izindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba zingambozwa ngaphandle kokudinga i-Wi-Fi yonke indawo.

Ngaphakathi kwe-Industry 4.0, i-Raspberry Pi ingasetshenziswa Qoqa izilinganiso ezivela emishinini nasemaphaneli kagesi, thumela idatha ezinhlelweni ze-SCADA noma kumapulatifomu okuhlaziya futhi, ngosizo lwemitapo yolwazi ye-AI elungiselelwe i-ARM (TensorFlow Lite, PyTorch), yenza ukulungiswa kokubikezela: i-Pi ngokwayo ithola amaphethini angajwayelekile alindele ukuphazamiseka, ngaleyo ndlela igweme isikhathi sokungasebenzi esibizayo.

Emikhakheni yezempilo kanye nocwaningo, amandla ayo asetshenziswa ukuze cubungula idatha ebucayi ngaphandle kokudinga ifu langaphandleLokhu kufaka phakathi iziteshi zokuqapha imvelo zasendaweni (isb., ukulawulwa kwezinhlayiya emalabhorethri), amadivayisi okurekhoda kwezokwelapha emitholampilo noma emakamelweni okuhlinzwa, kanye namapulatifomu ocwaningo lapho ulwazi lugcinwa khona kumaseva alawulwa yisikhungo ngokwaso.

Konke lokhu kuncike kusethi efanayo yezingxenye: amaphrothokholi alula, ibhodi elingabizi kodwa elinekhono, isofthiwe yokuzenzakalela enakekelwa kahle, kanye nekhono lokwenza lungisa izinga lobunzima ngokuya ngesidingokusukela kunzwa eyodwa kuya ekufakweni okunama-node amaningi.

Amamodeli e-Raspberry Pi kanye nezinketho zamaphrojekthi ahlakaniphile

Uma ucabanga ngephrojekthi yedivayisi ehlakaniphile nge-Raspberry Pi, kufanele unqume iyiphi imodeli efaneleka kakhuluI-node elula yokuzwa esebenza ngebhethri ayifani neseva yokuzenzakalela yasekhaya enesizindalwazi, isikhombikubona sewebhu, kanye nokucutshungulwa kwezwi.

Kwemisebenzi elula kakhulu, njengokufunda inzwa eyodwa noma ezimbili nokuthumela idatha nge-Wi-Fi noma i-UART, I-Raspberry Pi Zero noma i-Zero W Kwanele kakhulu: zisebenzisa amandla amancane kakhulu, azibizi kakhulu, futhi zingena cishe noma kuphi. Ngephaneli yokuthinta odongeni noma ihabhu lasekhaya elihlakaniphile, ukukhetha okuvamile yi-Pi 4 noma i-Pi 5, enikeza i-RAM eningi, i-CPU engcono, kanye nenketho yokusebenzisa isitoreji se-SSD esisheshayo (esimweni se-Pi 5, ngisho ne-NVMe).

Amamodeli aphakathi afana nalawa I-Pi 3, 3 A+ kanye ne-3 B+ Zihlala zifaneleka kahle kakhulu ekufakweni okuningi futhi zivame ukungabizi kakhulu emakethe esetshenzisiwe. Zigcina uxhumano lwe-Wi-Fi, i-Bluetooth, kanye ne-GPIO pin, ngakho-ke ziyaqhubeka nokusebenza kahle njengeziphakeli ezincane noma amasango.

Uma kugxilwe ekulawuleni ngesikhathi sangempela ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi kakhulu, lo mndeni ungaba nesithakazelo. Ama-chips e-Raspberry Pi Pico kanye ne-RP2Lawa ama-microcontrollers kunokuba amakhompyutha aphelele. Kumaphrojekthi amaningi, ahlanganiswa: i-ESP32 noma i-Pico-type microcontroller iphatha ukufundwa kwenzwa kanye nokusebenza kwendawo, kuyilapho i-Raspberry Pi evamile isebenza njengesango kanye nobuchopho obusezingeni eliphezulu.

Okubalulekile wukuqonda lokho Ama-Raspberry Pi nama-microcontroller awancintisani, ayaphelelisana.I-microcontroller iphatha ingxenye "yehadiwe", kuyilapho i-Pi ihlanganisa, igcina umlando, inikeza amadeshibhodi, futhi ingasebenzisa amamodeli e-logic anzima noma ngisho ne-AI.

Ukuphepha kanye nemikhuba emihle kumaphrojekthi ahlakaniphile nge-Raspberry Pi

Ngokuguqula i-Raspberry Pi ibe yi- isikhungo sokulawula samadivayisi amaningi ahlakaniphile, lo ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi yasekhaya Akube yinto encane futhi kuba yinto ebalulekile. Ukungalungi okukodwa kungavula umnyango wenethiwekhi yakho yonke yasekhaya noma izinhlelo zezimboni.

Into yokuqala ukugcina uhlelo lokusebenza kanye namaphakheji kubuyekezwa njaloI-Raspberry Pi OS kanye nokusabalalisa okuhlukahlukene okuzenzakalelayo kwekhaya kuvame ukukhipha ama-patches okuphepha, futhi kuyalulekwa ukuwasebenzisa. Kunconywa futhi ukuthi ukhubaze izinsizakalo ezingasetshenziswanga bese ushintsha amaphasiwedi azenzakalelayo ngokushesha.

Ukuze uthole ukufinyelela okukude, kungcono ukusebenzisa I-SSH enokuqinisekiswa kokhiye esikhundleni samaphasiwedi alula. Uma kwenzeka ukuxhumana okuvela ngaphandle kwekhaya, kungcono ukusetha i-VPN noma ukusebenzisa izindlela zokufinyelela ezivikelekile ezinikezwa yizinkundla ngokwazo (isibonelo, izinsizakalo ezisemthethweni zoMsizi Wasekhaya) kunokuvula amachweba ngokungahleliwe.

Emkhakheni wokuxhumana kwe-IoT, kuyalulekwa kakhulu ukuthi kuvunyelwe I-TLS ye-MQTT kanye nezinye izinquboukuze idatha ibethelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ochwepheshe abaningi batusa ukuhlukanisa inethiwekhi ye-IoT kwenye inethiwekhi yasekhaya kusetshenziswa ama-VLAN, ukuze, uma kwenzeka idivayisi iphazamiseka, umthelela uhlukaniswe.

Okokugcina, uma i-Pi izohlala ibhalela idiski (amalogi, izizindalwazi, imilando yezinzwa), kungumqondo omuhle lokho. Sebenzisa i-SSD esikhundleni sekhadi le-microSD elilulaokuyinto ewohloka ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokhu kwandisa ukuthembeka kwesikhathi eside futhi kunciphisa amathuba okwehluleka okukhulu enhliziyweni yesistimu yakho ehlakaniphile.

Uma ucabanga ngakho konke okungenhla, kusobala ukuthi i-Raspberry Pi izisungule njengenye yezinsika zamadivayisi ahlakaniphile kanye ne-IoT yesimanje: ihlanganisa intengo yokuncintisana, ukuguquguquka okukhulu, uhlelo lwesofthiwe oluvuthiwe (i-Home Assistant, i-Domoticz, i-OpenHAB, i-Mycroft, i-Node-RED, i-Mosquitto, i-Grafana, i-Docker, i-BalenaOS nabanye abaningi) kanye nekhono lokusebenza kokubili kumaphrojekthi asekhaya kanye nokufakwa okungathi sína kwezolimo, imboni noma impilo, okunikeza ibhalansi ekhangayo kakhulu phakathi kwamandla, izindleko, ukulawula kwendawo kanye nobumfihlo.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Amasistimu Okuphepha Kwasekhaya: Vikela Ikhaya Lakho Ngaphandle Kokwephula Ibhange