Ukuskena amagciwane ku-Windows 11 nge-Windows Defender: umhlahlandlela osebenzayo namathiphu

Informatec Digital » Izinsiza » Ukuskena amagciwane ku-Windows 11 nge-Windows Defender: umhlahlandlela osebenzayo namathiphu

Uma usebenzisa i-Windows 11, usuvele unomsizi owakhelwe ngaphakathi wokugcina amagciwane ephephile: i-Microsoft Defender Antivirus . Lolu hlelo luqapha ngemuva futhi, uma kudingeka, lukuvumela ukuthi usebenzise ukuskena okugcwele ukuthola nokunciphisa izinsongo. Ake sibukeze konke ongakwenza ngalo (kanye namanye amathuluzi e-Microsoft) ukuthola nokususa i-malware ngaphandle kokuhlupheka.

Kulo mhlahlandlela, uzothola imiyalelo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo namathiphu awusizo okuthi ungayiskena kanjani i-PC yakho nge-Windows Defender, ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-scan eqondile evela ku-Explorer, ukuthi kufanele nini ukusebenzisa i-scan , ukuthi ungadala kanjani okungafakwanga ngamakhadi e-wildcard kanye neziguquguquko zemvelo, nokuthi ungangeza kanjani ukuvikelwa kwakho nge-MSRT (ithuluzi elitholakala nge-"mrt") kanye ne-Microsoft Safety Scanner (msert.exe). Siphinde sihlanganise nezincomo zokuphepha zokuvimbela izinkinga nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma inkinga iqhubeka.

Kunini lapho kufaneleka khona ukuhlola ukuphepha?

Kunezikhathi lapho kungcono khona ukuzigcina uphephile futhi wenze ukuhlolwa ngesandla. Uma usola ukuthi kukhona ukutheleleka noma ufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwesaba kwangaphambilini sekuphelile, kungumqondo omuhle ukwenza iskena esidingekayo . I-Defender izokwazisa uma isiqedile uma ithola noma yini nokuthi yisiphi isinyathelo okufanele isithathe.

Ezinye izimpawu ezivamile zokuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ngekhompyutha yakho zicacile: uhlelo lusebenza kancane kunokujwayelekile , ibhethri liphela ngokushesha kunokujwayelekile, noma ukusetshenziswa kwedatha yakho kuyanda ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukukhombisa ukuthi inqubo engaziwa idla izinsiza ngemuva.

Izinkomba ezijwayelekile zohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha

• Ukusebenza kwehla ngokuzumayo, izinhlelo zokusebenza zithatha isikhathi eside ukuvula noma ukuphahlazeka ngaphezu kokulindelekile.

• Ibhethri lihlala isikhathi esifushane kakhulu kunakuqala, ngisho noma kungekho zinguquko ekusebenziseni kwakho kwansuku zonke.

• Ukusetshenziswa kwedatha okungalindelekile, ikakhulukazi uma ungakafaki lutho olusha futhi ungalandi kakhulu.

Ezinye izinkomba zifaka phakathi amawindi aqhubekayo avelelayo, ukuqondisa kabusha okungavamile kwesiphequluli , izilungiselelo ezishintsha zodwa, noma izinhlelo ongakhumbuli ukuzifaka. Uma usola kancane, hlola uhlelo lwakho.

Skena i-PC yakho nge-Windows Security (Microsoft Defender)

I-Windows 11 ifaka phakathi uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Windows Security , olukuvumela ukuthi usebenzise ama-scan nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. I-antivirus ye-Microsoft isebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ngemuva, iqapha amafayela nezinqubo ozivulayo noma ozilandayo , kodwa wena unquma ukuthi uzosebenzisa nini ama-scan aphelele.

Ukuze uvule ikhonsoli, iya kuzilungiselelo > Ubumfihlo nokuphepha > Ukuphepha kwe-Windows, bese uthepha okuthi "Vula Ukuphepha kwe-Windows." Bese, iya ku-"Ukuvikelwa kwe-Virus & threat" bese uthepha okuthi "Skena izinketho" ukuze ukhethe ukuthi uzoqhubeka kanjani. Ukuskena okutholakalayo kufaka phakathi imodi ye -Quick, Full, Custom, kanye ne -Microsoft Defender Antivirus Offline .

Ukuskena okusheshayo kuhlola izindawo ezisengozini kakhulu; ukuskena okugcwele kuhlola kahle wonke amakhona esistimu; futhi ngokuskena okwenziwe ngokwezifiso, ukhetha amafolda noma amadrayivu athile. Ukuskena okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi kuqalisa kabusha i-PC futhi kuhlaziye ngaphambi kokulayisha i-Windows , inketho ewusizo kakhulu ngokumelene nezinsongo eziqinile ezicasha ngesikhathi sokuqalisa okuvamile, njenge -UEFI bootkits.

Uma uthepha okuthi "Skena manje," i-Defender izohlaziya amafayela akho futhi ikubonise uma ithola noma yini esolisayo. Uma ithola ukutheleleka, ungahlukanisa noma ususe izinto ezithintekile , ngezincomo ezicacile zokuthola ngakunye. Uma ingatholi lutho, uzokubona lokho ngokushesha.

Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ukuvikelwa kuyasebenza, vula uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Windows Security bese uya ku-"Virus & threat protection." Esigabeni esithi "Ubani ongivikelayo?", chofoza okuthi "Phatha abahlinzeki" ukuze uhlole isofthiwe yakho ye-antivirus. Uma udinga ukuvula ukuvikelwa kwesikhathi sangempela, iya ku-"Virus & threat protection settings" > "Phatha izilungiselelo" bese ushintsha ukuvikelwa kwesikhathi sangempela kube yi-On.

Hlaziya amafayela namafolda ku-Explorer

Ngezinye izikhathi awufuni ukuskena lonke uhlelo, kodwa ufuna into ethile ephakamisa ukukhathazeka. Uma kunjalo, kusuka ku-File Explorer, ungachofoza kwesokudla kunoma yiliphi ifayela noma ifolda bese ukhetha okuthi "Bonisa izinketho ezengeziwe," kulandelwe okuthi "Skena nge-Microsoft Defender ." Lena indlela esheshayo yokuqinisekisa ukuthi okunamathiselwe, ukulanda, noma ifolda ethile kuhlanzekile.

Uma sekuqediwe, uzobona imiphumela. Uma ithola noma yini, uhlelo lokusebenza luzokusa ekhasini lezinketho zokuskena ukuze uphathe usongo ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi . Uma kungatholakali lutho, ungaqiniseka ukuthi lesi sici asinazo izingozi ezaziwayo.

Okungafakiwe ku-Microsoft Defender: Kunini futhi kanjani

Kwezinye izimo ezithuthukisiwe, ungase ungafuni ukuthi isofthiwe yakho yokulwa namagciwane iqaphe ifayela elithile, ifolda, noma inqubo ngesikhathi sangempela. Isibonelo, ezindaweni zokuthuthukiswa noma ngamathuluzi owaziyo ukuthi aphephile kodwa akhiqiza imiphumela engamanga. Kulezi zimo, ungadala okungafakwanga, njalo ngokuqapha futhi kuphela uma kudingeka kakhulu.

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lokhu okungafakwanga kuthinta ukuskena kwesikhathi sangempela kwe-Microsoft Defender Antivirus. Ukuskena okuhleliwe, kungaba okuvela ku-Defender uqobo noma isixazululo se-antimalware senkampani yangaphandle, kungase kusaskenwa lezi zinto ngaphandle kokuthi nazo zingafakwanga kuleyo mikhiqizo eminye.

Ukuze wengeze noma ususe okukhishwe, iya ku-Windows Security > Virus & threat protection > Manage settings (ngaphansi kwe-Virus & threat protection settings) bese uchofoza okuthi Engeza noma ususe okukhishwe. Ungakhetha ezinhlotsheni ezine kuye ngokuthi yini okudingeka uyikhiphe.

• Ifayela : Akubandakanyi ifayela elithile ongafuni lihlolwe ngesikhathi sangempela.

• Ifolda : ayifaki ifolda nakho konke okuqukethwe kuyo, kufaka phakathi amafayela akumafolda ayo angaphansi.

• Uhlobo lwefayela: ayifaki zonke izandiso. Ngokwesibonelo, usebenzisa iphethini efana *st izokhipha .test, .past, .invest kanye nanoma yisiphi isandiso esigcina ngokuthi “st”.

• Inqubo : Noma yiliphi ifayela elivulwe yile nqubo alifakiwe ekuhlaziyweni kwesikhathi sangempela. Qaphela: Lawa mafayela angase ahlaziywe ngokuskena ngesandla noma okuhleliwe uma engafakiwe njengefayela noma ifolda.

Ungasebenzisa izinhlamvu ze-wildcard ukumboza amacala amaningi ngokukhipha okukodwa. Inkanyezi (*) ithatha indawo yanoma iyiphi inombolo yezinhlamvu. Izibonelo ezingokoqobo:

• Iyaqhubeka: C:\\MyProcess\\* izokwenza zonke izinqubo zibe phakathi C:\\MyProcess namafolda awo angaphansi awafakiwe ekuhlaziyweni kwesikhathi sangempela.

• Ezinqubweni ngegama: prueba.* Lokhu akubandakanyi amafayela avulwe inoma iyiphi inqubo igama layo elithi "test", kungakhathaliseki isandiso sawo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyenzeka ukusebenzisa okuguquguqukayo kwemvelo ukuchaza imizila ngendlela eguquguqukayo. Isibonelo, ukukhishwa okusetshenziswayo %PROGRAMDATA%\\CustomLogFiles\\test.exe izovumela amafayela avulwe ngaleyo ndlela ethile Lezi zizokhishwa ekuhlaziyweni kwesikhathi sangempela. Hlola uhlu lwezimo eziguquguqukayo ezitholakalayo kumadokhumenti e-Windows uma udinga ezinye izindlela.

Ukususa okukhishwe kulula ngendlela efanayo: buyela emuva kokuthi “Engeza noma susa okukhishwe”, khetha okungadingeki, bese uthinta okuthi “Susa” ukuze ubuyisele ushintsho . Khumbula ukubuyekeza njalo okukhishwe kwakho ukuze ugweme izikhala ezingadingekile ekuvikeleni kwakho.

I-MSRT (mrt): ithuluzi lakudala lokususa uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha

Ngaphezu kweDefender, iWindows ifake ithuluzi iminyaka eminingi elinganakwa ngabaningi: i-Microsoft Software Removal Tool (MSRT). Ayithathi indawo yesofthiwe yokulwa namagciwane noma yenza ukuskena kwesikhathi sangempela, kodwa ingathola futhi isuse imindeni ethile evamile ye-malware , kufaka phakathi amanye ama-rootkit , ngokuskena okulula kakhulu ngesandla.

Ukuze uyiqalise, cindezela ukhiye weWindows + R kanyekanye ukuze uvule ibhokisi lengxoxo elithi "Run". Uhlobo mrt bese uqinisekisa ngokuthi KULUNGILE. IWindows izocela imvume yomlawuli; chofoza Yebo. Uzobona iwindi le-Microsoft Malicious Removal Software, elinesethulo esifushane kanye nenkinobho Okulandelayo ukuqala.

Khetha uhlobo lokuskena: okusheshayo, okugcwele, noma okwezifiso (okwakamuva kukuvumela ukuthi uhlole izindlela ezithile). Ukuskena kungathatha noma yikuphi kusukela emizuzwini embalwa kuya ngaphezu kwehora, kuye ngobukhulu bamadiski akho kanye nenani lamafayela . Uma sekuqediwe, i-MSRT izokutshela ukuthi ithole noma yini futhi, uma kunjalo, ikunikeze inketho yokuyisusa.

I-MSRT iwusizo uma ukhungathekile yizinketho eziningi zeDefender noma uma ufuna ukuskena okwenziwa ngesandla okuvamile . Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi ububanzi bayo buklanyelwe izinsongo ezivamile, futhi ukuze uskene kahle, kungcono ukusebenzisa ukuskena okwakhelwe ngaphakathi kweDefender, okuhlanganisa nemodi yayo yokungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi.

I-Microsoft Safety Scanner (msert.exe): Ibuyekeziwe iskena esifunwa kakhulu

Elinye ithuluzi elisemthethweni okufanele liqashwe yi-Microsoft Safety Scanner, i-executable ephathekayo ongayilanda futhi uyisebenzise noma nini lapho kudingeka. Inhloso yayo ukuskena nokususa i-malware kumakhompyutha e-Windows nokuzama ukubuyisela izinguquko ezibangelwe izinsongo ezitholakele . Kuhle njengombono wesibili uma usola ukuthi kukhona okuphumile futhi kuhambisana namanye amathuluzi okulungisa namaqhinga.

Kunamaphuzu amaningana abalulekile okufanele uwakhumbule: Izincazelo ze-Safety Scanner zivuselelwa njalo, futhi ithuluzi liphelelwa yisikhathi ezinsukwini eziyi-10 ngemva kokulanda . Uma ufuna ukulisebenzisa futhi ngemva kwalokho, landa inguqulo yakamuva bese ulisebenzisa futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi linobuhlakani bokuphepha obusesikhathini.

Iskena Sokuphepha asifaki noma asiveli kumenyu yokuqala noma kudeskithophu. Gcina ifayela endaweni ethile ozolikhumbula (imvamisa, msert.exe) bese uyivula ukuze uqale ukuhlolwa. Ungakhetha phakathi kwezivivinyo ezisheshayo, ezigcwele, noma ezenzelwe wena.Futhi ekugcineni uzobona isifinyezo esibukweni.

Uma ufuna ukubona imininingwane egcwele yokutholwa, hlola ilogu ithuluzi eliphuma kulo %SYSTEMROOT%\\debug\\msert.logUkuze "uyikhiphe" kalula susa okusebenzisekayo lapho ungasayidingi. Khumbula: ayithathi indawo ye-antivirus yakho, futhi ukuze uthole ukuvikelwa ngesikhathi sangempela, kuyanconywa ukugcina i-Microsoft Defender ivuliwe.

Izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuvimbela uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha Windows 11

Akukho ukuhlolwa okungathatha indawo yokuvimbela. Uma unciphisa kakhulu indawo yokuhlasela, amathuba okuba i-malware ingene mancane. I-Windows 11 iza nezici eziningana nezilungiselelo, ezihlanganiswe nokuqonda okuvamile, ezimele intuthuko ebalulekile kwezokuphepha.

• Gcina i-Windows nezinhlelo zakho zokusebenza zisesikhathini : Iya kuzilungiselelo > Isibuyekezo se-Windows bese uthepha okuthi "Hlola izibuyekezo." Lawa ma-patches avame ukufaka ukulungiswa kokuphepha okubhekana nobuthakathaka obungasetshenziswa.

• Landa isofthiwe emithonjeni ethembekile kuphela : okungcono kakhulu, iwebhusayithi yomenzi noma i-Microsoft Store. Gwema amawebhusayithi angekho emthethweni noma izinguqulo ezingekho emthethweni zesofthiwe ekhokhelwayo, ezivame ukuza nemikhiqizo engafuneki ehlanganisiwe.

• Sebenzisa i-firewall kuwo wonke amaphrofayili : Iya ku-Windows Security > “Firewall and Network Protection” bese ubuyekeza amanethiwekhi e-Domain, Private, kanye ne-Public. Nika amandla i-firewall kuwo wonke ukuze uvimbele ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe. Ungasebenzisa futhi uhlelo lwamahhala ukuphatha i-firewall.

• Sebenzisa amaphasiwedi aqinile nahlukile futhi unike amandla ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto eziningi noma nini lapho kungenzeka. Umphathi wephasiwedi angenza impilo yakho ibe lula ngaphandle kokudela ukuphepha.

• Yenza amakhophi agciniwe njalo amafayela akho abalulekile, kungaba kudrayivu yangaphandle noma efwini. Uma kwenzeka isigameko esingathi sína, uzojabula ukuthi ungabuyisa idatha yakho.

• Qaphela ngezinamathiselo nezixhumanisi kuma-imeyili : qinisekisa umthumeli, qaphela imiyalezo edlala ngokuphuthumayo, futhi ugweme ukuvula amafayela asebenzisekayo obungalindele ukuwathola.

Uma usola ukuthi ifayela elithile liwumthombo wenkinga, lisuse bese ukhipha i-Recycle Bin . Uma ungakwazi ukulisusa, bheka ukuthi ungawasusa kanjani amafayela angenakusulwa ku-Windows.

Ukuskena okunconyiwe nokuthi ungaphendula kanjani ekutholweni

Uma inkinga ibonakala inkulu, kufanelekile ukwenza ukuskena okugcwele nge-Defender kulandelwe ukuskena okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi . Le modi iqala kabusha uhlelo futhi iskena ngaphambi kokulayisha izinsizakalo nabashayeli, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi i-malware ifihleke.

Uma i-Microsoft Defender ithola i-malware, izophakamisa izenzo: ezivame kakhulu ukuvalela ifayela noma ukulisusa. Ukulihlukanisa ifayela kunciphisa ingozi ngaphandle kokulisusa unomphela , okukuvumela ukuthi ulibuyisele uma bekuyiphutha elingamanga. Uma ungalidingi ifayela, qhubeka nokususa.

Uma ulungiselele okungafakwanga, khumbula ukuthi kusebenza kuphela ekuskeni kwesikhathi sangempela . Ukuskena ngesandla noma okuhleliwe kungase kusahlole izinto ezingafakwanga, ngaphandle kokuthi nazo zingafakwanga kulolo hlobo lokuskena noma komunye umkhiqizo we-antimalware owufakile.

Uma usuqedile, hlola umlando wokuvikela kuhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Windows Security (ngaphansi kwesithi "Ukuvikelwa kwegciwane kanye nosongo") ukuze ubone ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo ezithathiwe nokuthi nini . Leli rekhodi lizokusiza uqonde ububanzi besigameko.

Uma uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha luqhubeka: izinyathelo ezithuthukile

Kunezimo ezilukhuni lapho, naphezu kokuskena, uhlelo luqhubeka nokusebenza kabi. Kulezi zimo, hlanganisa izendlalelo eziningana: sebenzisa ukuskena okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi kwe-Defender, sebenzisa i-MSRT, bese uthembela ku- Microsoft Safety Scanner esanda kulanda ukuze uthole izincazelo zakamuva. Ukutheleleka okuningi kuyasuswa ngaleli su.

Uma kungekho okunye okusebenza kahle, cabanga ngokufaka kabusha i-Windows njengesinyathelo sokugcina. Ngaphambi kokuthatha leso sinyathelo, kopisha amafayela akho abalulekile kudrayivu yangaphandle noma efwini. Futhi uma udinga usizo, bheka amadokhumenti asemthethweni, izinkundla zomphakathi, kanye nokusekelwa komkhiqizi wakho ukuze uxazulule imibuzo ethile.

Izinsiza ezengeziwe nokufunda

I-Microsoft ngokwayo inikeza izinsiza zokukusiza uqonde ukuthi i-malware ingena kanjani ezinhlelweni, ukuthi isebenzisa ziphi izindlela ( i-phishing , ukulanda okukhohlisayo, ukuxhaphaza), nokuthi ungayinciphisa kanjani ingozi. Hlola izigaba zosizo nokufunda ze-Microsoft Security ukuze uqinise imikhuba yakho yokuvikela futhi ufunde ngamathuluzi amasha njengoba etholakala.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuphepha akuyona inkinobho oyiciphizayo futhi yikho lokho kuphela; kuyinqubo eqhubekayo. Gcina uhlelo lwakho lubuyekeziwe, sebenzisa izici ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ze-Windows 11, sebenzisa ukuskena okuvamile , futhi unciphise ukufakwa kwesofthiwe evela emithonjeni engaziwa.

Uma ucabanga ngakho konke okungenhla, ukugcina uhlelo lwe-Windows 11 olunempilo akufanele kube yindaba ebuhlungu: I-Defender inikeza isivikelo sesikhathi sangempela , i-Explorer ikuvumela ukuthi uhlole amafayela ngokushesha, okungafakwanga kukunikeza ukulawula okulungisiwe uma ukudinga, kanti i-MSRT kanye ne-Safety Scanner zinikeza umbono wesibili osheshayo lapho kukhona okungahambi kahle. Uma futhi ugcina uhlelo lwakho lubuyekeziwe, usebenzise i-firewall, futhi uqaphele lapho ulanda futhi uvula amafayela, ikhompyutha yakho izovikeleka kangcono kakhulu kumagciwane nezinye izinsongo zedijithali.