Izingxabano zesofthiwe kanye nomshayeli ku-Windows: umhlahlandlela ophelele

Informatec Digital » Izinsiza » Izingxabano zesofthiwe kanye nomshayeli ku-Windows: umhlahlandlela ophelele

Uma iWindows iqala ukungasebenzi kahle, ukuphahlazeka, ukubonisa izikrini eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noma izinhlelo ziyeka ukuvula ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo, imbangela ivame ukuba... izingxabano phakathi kwesofthiwe nabashayeliAkulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuxilonga, kodwa ngokuqonda ukuthi abashayeli basebenza kanjani nokuthi yimaphi amathuluzi uhlelo olunikezayo, izinkinga eziningi zingaxazululwa ngaphandle kokuyisa i-PC esitolo sokulungisa, isibonelo ngokwenza i-a isipele somshayeli ku-Windows.

Emigqeni elandelayo uzobona, ngemininingwane eminingi, Yiziphi izinhlobo zabashayeli ezikhona ku-Windows, yimaphi amaphutha avame ukubangelwa yiwo, atholakala kanjani, futhi yiziphi izindlela zangempela ezisebenza? Ukulungisa lokhu: kusukela kuzinsiza ezakhelwe ngaphakathi njenge-Driver Verifier kuya kumaqhinga awusizo kakhulu njengokufaka abashayeli bekhompyutha enempilo, ukwenza i-boot ehlanzekile, noma ukubhekana namaphrinta angasebenzi kahle kanye nesofthiwe ye-antivirus ephazamisayo.

Bayini abashayeli futhi kungani bebangela izinkinga eziningi kangaka?

Umshayeli yibhuloho elivumela iWindows ukuthi ixhumane nehadiwe kanye namadivayisi athile anengqondo, futhi uma lelo bhuloho lihluleka, kuvela izinkinga. amaphutha okusebenza, ukuphahlazeka, kanye nokungahambisaniNgakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukuthinta noma yini, kungumqondo omuhle ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zabashayeli ezikhona ku-Windows nokuthi iyiphi indima ngayinye edlala ekuzinzeni kwesistimu.

Ku-Windows singakwazi ukuhlukanisa imindeni emibili eyinhloko: i- abashayeli bemodi ye-kernel kanye nabalawuli abakwimodi yomsebenzisi. Ngayinye inezingozi zayo kanye nezimpawu zayo lapho kukhona okungahambi kahle.

Abashayeli be-Kernel-mode basebenza ezingeni elijulile kakhulu lesistimu, ngokufinyelela okuqondile kwihadiwe: ikhadi lehluzo, ikhadi lomsindo, ikhadi lenethiwekhi, abalawuli bediski, njll. Ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okuthuthukile, kuyasiza ukubonisana neziqondiso ezivela ku- Ukuxilongwa kwe-PCIe okuthuthukisiweLaba balawuli bahlanganyela ekuphathweni kwe I/O, inkumbulo, izinqubo, ukuphepha, kanye ne-Plug and Playfuthi ngokuvamile zihlelwe ngezendlalelo: izinga eliphezulu (isikhombikubona nezinhlelo zokusebenza), izinga eliphakathi (amakilasi edivayisi, isibonelo isilawuli sediski) kanye nezinga eliphansi (ukufinyelela ngqo kudivayisi ebonakalayo).

Uma umshayeli wemodi ye-kernel engabhalwanga kahle, ephelelwe yisikhathi, noma eyonakele, ngokuvamile kuzobangela ukuphahlazeka okukhulu, izikrini eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanye nokuqala kabusha okungalindelekileYingakho ithuluzi le-Driver Checker lizihlola ngokucophelela: noma yikuphi ukuziphatha okusolisayo kuholela ekuhlolweni kwephutha (isikrini esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) ukuze ukwazi ukulungisa iphutha.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abashayeli bemodi yomsebenzisi basebenza ngaphakathi komongo wohlelo lokusebenza futhi abaphazamisi kangako ukusebenza kwangaphakathi kohlelo. Ngokuvamile banikeza isikhombimsebenzisi phakathi kwezinhlelo ze-Win32 nabashayeli be-kernel (noma ngezinye izingxenye zesistimu), njengoba kunjalo ngama-driver amaningi ephrinta, amadivayisi okufaka, noma izendlalelo ezithile zesofthiwe yomsindo nevidiyo.

Uma umshayeli wemodi yomsebenzisi ephahlazeka, ngokuvamile kubangela ukuthi uhlelo oluthile lokusebenza luphahlazeke noma idivayisi engaphandle iyeke ukusebenza, kodwa ngaphandle kokwehlisa lonke uhlelo lwe-Windows. Noma kunjalo, Zingabangela ukungqubuzana nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza noma ama-driver suites uma zingagcinwanga kahle noma uma izinhlobo zixutshwa ngokunganaki.

Izinkinga ezijwayelekile zomshayeli ku-Windows kanye nezimbangela zazo

"Izimfihlakalo" eziningi zomshayeli zivame ukungena emaphethini ambalwa aphindaphindwayo: Abashayeli abaphelelwe yisikhathi noma abangahambisani, ukuphazamiseka kwe-antivirus noma ama-firewall, isofthiwe esusa abanye abashayeli, i-malware, kanye nezingxabano ne-Windows ezizibuyekeza zona.

Elinye lamaphutha avelele yileli abashayeli noma abashayeli abaphelelwe yisikhathi abangahambisani nenguqulo yakho ye-WindowsIzimpawu ezifana namadivayisi ayeke ukusebenza ngemva kokubuyekezwa kwesistimu, ukusebenza okungekuhle, noma izici ezingekho (isibonelo, izinkinga zomsindo ngemva kokuthuthukela ku-Windows 11) zingavela lapha. I-Windows inikeza isixazululi sayo sokuxazulula izinkinga zokuhambisana kulezi zinkinga, ikuvumela ukuthi ufake abashayeli abaklanyelwe izinguqulo zangaphambilini kwimodi yokuhambisana.

Esinye izimbangela zekhanda yi- abashayeli i-Windows Update ngokwayo enquma ukuzibuyekeza yona ngokwayoKuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngamakhadi ehluzo: ufaka ngesandla umshayeli wakamuva we-AMD Adrenalin, i-Windows ingena komunye umshayeli we-GPU nge-Windows Update, bese ugcina uneziphambeko, izikrini ezimnyama, amamonitha angatholakali, noma imidlalo eyeka ukuqala.

Kuvamile futhi ukuthi i-Windows firewall noma isofthiwe ye-antivirus ivimbele ukuxhumana okuvela kubashayeli abathile, ikakhulukazi ku- amaphrinta enethiwekhi, amadivayisi akhethekile e-USB, noma amathuluzi okuphatha akudeUma ungazami ukukhubaza okwesikhashana lezi zingqimba zokuphepha, kulula ukwethuka ucabanga ukuthi ihadiwe iphukile.

Emkhakheni wesofthiwe, abashayeli abangaphezu koyedwa abasakwazi ukusetshenziswa ngemva kokufaka uhlelo olushintsha uchungechunge lokuphrinta, olulawula umsindo, noma oludala amadivayisi angokoqobo (amaphrinta e-PDF, abashayeli bomsindo angokoqobo, njll.). Lezi zinhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza zingakwazi shintsha noma wonakalise amafayela omshayeli akhona futhi kubangele izingxabano ezingajwayelekile.

Okokugcina, akumelwe sikhohlwe nge-malware: ukutheleleka kungonakalisa amafayela esistimu kanye nabashayeli, okubangela noma yini kusukela ekuhlulekeni kwenethiwekhi kuya kudiski ingatholakali noma iphrinta "inyamalale." Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukuhlanzwa okuphelele kwesistimu kanye Faka kabusha abashayeli abathintekile ngemuva kokuhlaziywa Ngokuvamile kuyimpoqo.

Indlela yokuxilonga ukungqubuzana komshayeli ne-Driver Verifier

Kusukela enkathini ye-Windows 2000, i-Windows ifake ithuluzi elinamandla kakhulu elenzelwe ikakhulukazi abathuthukisi nabaphathi abaphambili: i Isiqinisekisi SomshayeliInesibopho sokuhlola abashayeli bemodi ye-kernel ukuze ithole amaphutha okuhlela, ukufinyelela okungafanele kwimemori, noma amaphethini okusebenzisa ayingozi angaphazamisa uhlelo.

Ukuze uyisebenzise, ​​vele usebenzise Sebenzisa i-Verifier.exe ngamalungelo okuphatha bese uqala kabusha ikhompyutha yakho.Ungayivula ngaphandle kwamapharamitha ukuvula isikhombikubona sezithombe (i-Driver Verifier Manager) noma ngezilungisi ezivela ku- Ikhonsoli ye-CMD, kusetshenziswa ukucushwa okuhlukile ngalokho okubizwa ngokuthi “amamaki” noma amafulegi.

Phakathi kwezinketho ezijwayelekile kukhona ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo okuningana okuqhutshwa njalo kubashayeli abaqinisekisiwe: Izilawuli ze-IRQL, ukuqinisekiswa kokusetshenziswa kwe-spinlock, ukwabiwa kwememori kanye nokuqinisekiswa kokukhishwa kuma-IRQL afanele, ukutholwa kokufinyelela kwememori ngemva kokuyikhulula, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isilawuli asithululi ngenkathi sinemisebenzi elindile, njll.

Ukukhetha kwe Ichibi Elikhethekile Kubangela ukuthi izicelo zememori yomshayeli zibekwe endaweni eqashwe ngokukhethekile ukuze kutholakale ukugcwala kwe-buffer, ukungasebenzi kahle, kanye nokufinyelela kwimemori esivele ikhululiwe. Uma kukhona ukonakala, amathuba okutholakala kwayo anda kakhulu.

Umkhiqizo Phoqelela ukuqinisekiswa kwe-IRQL Kubeka umshayeli ngaphansi kwengcindezi ngokuvala ikhodi engasetshenziswa ekhasini bese usebenzisa ingcindezi yememori. Uma umshayeli ezama ukufinyelela imemori efakwe ekhasini ku-IRQL engafanele noma ngokukhiya endaweni, uhlelo luyithola ngokushesha.

Nge Ukulandelela Ichibi Iqapha ukuthi isilawuli sishiya inkumbulo ingakhululwa yini lapho silayisha, okusiza ukuthola ukuvuza kwememori okungapheli okungonakalisa ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside.

La Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-I/O (kanye nenguqulo yayo ethuthukisiwe) idinga ukuthi ama-IRP asetshenziswa umshayeli abelwe eqenjini elikhethekile, elihlola kahle ukuthi liphatha kanjani izingcingo ze-IoCallDriver, i-IoCompleteRequest, kanye ne-IoFreeIrp. Noma yikuphi ukuxhashazwa noma ukungahambisani kubangelwa ukuhlolwa kwephutha okungu-0xC9 (DRIVER_VERIFIER_IOMANAGER_VIOLATION).

Ezinye izinketho ezifanele yilezi: ukutholwa kwe-interlock (qaphela ama-mutexes, ama-spinlocks, kanye nokungafakwa kwe-mutual okusheshayo ukuze ubone ukuthi ikhodi ingakhiywa yini), i Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-DMA (ukusetshenziswa kahle kwama-buffer nama-adapter e-DMA), amasheke ezokuphepha (gwema ukubhekisela kumakheli emodi yomsebenzisi avela ku-kernel) kanye ne- Imithetho yokuthobela i-DDI (Ukuhlola Ukuhambisana Nemithetho ye-DDI), okuqinisekisa ukuthi umshayeli uyayihlonipha i-kernel interfaces esebenzisa umtapo wezincwadi we-VerifierExt.sys.

Uma i-Driver Verifier ithola ukwephulwa, inqubo ejwayelekile ukuphoqa Isikrini esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esinamakhodi anjenge-0xC1, 0xC4, 0xC6, 0xC9, 0xD6 noma 0xE6Uma i-debugger ixhunyiwe, umyalo !analyze -v Ngokuvamile ikhomba umshayeli onesibopho, kanye nezandiso ezifana nokuthi !verifier, !deadlock, !iovirp o !ruleinfo Zikuvumela ukuthi ujule kakhulu ezibalweni kanye nemithetho ephukile; ukuze ubone ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani nala maphutha ngokuningiliziwe, bheka umhlahlandlela. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-BSOD kanye nokulahla i-kernel.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusukela ku-Verifier GUI ungabona isimo somlawuli ngamunye (ukhokhisiwe, ukhishwe, awukaze ukhokhiswe)ukuthi yimaphi amabhrendi asebenzayo, ama-fault counters omhlaba wonke, futhi, uma unike amandla i-Special Group, thola izexwayiso uma ngaphansi kuka-95% wezabelo zingena kulelo chibi, okubonisa ukuthi uhlola abashayeli abaningi kakhulu be-RAM etholakalayo.

Lungiselela futhi usebenzise i-Verifier.exe kusuka kulayini womyalo

Uma ukhetha indlela ekwazi ukuskripthika kalula, i-Verifier ingalungiswa futhi kusuka ku-CMD kusetshenziswa uchungechunge lwezilungisi. Isihluthulelo ukuqonda lokho Inketho ngayinye ifakwe ikhodi encane ngaphakathi kwenani le-hexadecimal ukuthi udlulisela kupharamitha /flags.

Isibonelo, amanye amafulegi ajwayelekile yilawa: 0x00000001 (Iqembu Elikhethekile), 0x00000002 (I-Force IRQL), 0x00000008 (Ukulandelela Iphuli), 0x00000010 (Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-I/O), 0x00000020 (Ukutholwa kwe-Interlock), 0x00000080 (Ukuhlolwa kwe-DMA), 0x00000100 (Ukuhlolwa Kokuphepha), 0x00000800 (Ukuhlolwa Okuhlukahlukene), kanye no-0x00020000 (Ukuthobela i-DDI). Kunezinye amafulegi ezitholakalayo ze fanisa izinsiza eziphansi, bhalisa ama-IRP, noma uphoqelele ama-IRP alindile..

Ukuze unike amandla, isibonelo, i-Special Group kuphela, ukuqinisekiswa kwe-I/O, kanye nokuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene, ungasebenzisa into efana nale: verifier.exe /flags 0x811Uma ufuna ukusebenzisa yonke isethi ejwayelekile, ungakhetha verifier.exe /standard noma ngokufana kwayo emafulegini, verifier.exe /flags 0x209BB.

Ngemva kokukhetha amabhrendi, kufanele ubonise ukuthi yibaphi abashayeli abazohlolwaLapho unezindlela ezimbili: qondisa abashayeli abathile abane verifier.exe /driver driver1.sys driver2.sys noma ukuhlanza lonke uhlelo verifier.exe /allNgokunengqondo, uma unolaka kakhulu (ikakhulukazi nge-Special Group kanye nokulingisa okunezinsiza eziphansi) kulapho uzobona khona umthelela ekusebenzeni.

Kukhona futhi imodi kushintshashintshaYenzelwe ukushintshana okusheshayo, okukuvumela ukuthi ushintshe amafulegi noma wengeze abashayeli abaqinisekisiwe ngaphandle kokuqala kabusha: verifier.exe /volatile /flags 0xVALUE /adddriver MiDriver.sysLesi simo sihlala kuze kube yilapho usishintsha futhi noma uqala kabusha umshini.

Ukuze uhlole nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ukuthi i-Checker ihlelwe kanjani noma ukuthi igcina ziphi izibalo, unemiyalo emibili ebalulekile: verifier /query (isimo samanje kanye nezibalo) kanye verifier /querysettings (ukucushwa okusebenzayo kugcinwe ku-Registry).

Uma usuqedile ukuhlolwa, kubalulekile setha kabusha izilungiselelo ukuze imishini ibuyele ekusebenzeni okuvamile. Okukodwa nje verifier.exe /reset kanye nokuqala kabusha okulandelayo ukuze kukhubaze wonke amasheke.

Izixazululo ezisebenzayo zezinkinga ezivamile zomshayeli

Ngaphandle kwamathuluzi okulungisa amaphutha ahlanzekile, emsebenzini wabo wansuku zonke abasebenzisi abaningi bahlangana nawo Izinkinga ezithile kakhulu: abashayeli abaphelelwe yisikhathi, ukungahambisani ngemva kokubuyekezwa, amaphrinta angaphenduli, amakhadi ehluzo angqubuzana ne-Windows Update, noma ama-laptop aphelelwa amandla uma kusetshenziswa izinhlelo zokuvuselela abashayeli ngokuzenzakalelayo..

Isiqalo esiyisisekelo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iWindows ivuselelwa ngokufanele. Amaphrinta amaningi esimanje, amadivayisi e-Bluetooth, kanye nezinye izinto zamuva ezisetshenziswayo zithembele kuyo. izingxenye ezibuyekeziwe zesistimu uqoboKusukela kuzilungiselelo > Isibuyekezo Nokuphepha > Isibuyekezo se-Windows ungahlola izibuyekezo, uzifake, futhi uma ufuna, ulungise amahora okusebenza ukuze ugweme ukuqala kabusha okungalindelekile.

Uma umshayeli engahambisani kahle nenguqulo yakho yeWindows, ungasebenzisa i- isixazululi sezinkinga sokuhambisanaChofoza ngakwesokudla ku-driver installer, khetha okuthi "Ukuhambisana kwe-Troubleshooter", khetha okuthi "I-Troubleshooter", maka amabhokisi anjengokuthi "Kusebenze ezinguqulweni zangaphambilini ze-Windows, kodwa manje ngeke ifake noma isebenze" noma "Kudinga izimvume ezengeziwe", bese uvumela i-wizard ukuthi ihlole izindlela ezahlukene zokuhambisana.

Uma inkinga itholakala kudivayisi ethile, isinyathelo esidingekayo ukwenza kanjalo Umphathi Wedivayisi (devmgmt.msc)Ukusuka lapho ungabuyekeza ngokuzenzakalelayo isofthiwe yomshayeli, uyikhiphe ngokuphelele (ngokuhlola okuthi "Susa isofthiwe yomshayeli yale divayisi" uma kusebenza) bese uvumela iWindows ukuthi ifake kabusha idrayivu ehlanzekile uma iqala kabusha, noma uyifake ngesandla kusuka kudiski yakho.

Ezimweni eziningi, ikakhulukazi ngehadiwe evamile, isebenza kahle kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa Izishayeli ezijwayelekile zeMicrosoftKu-Device Manager uqobo, ngokukhetha okuthi “Buyekeza umshayeli” > “Dlulisa amehlo kukhompyutha yami ukuze uthole isofthiwe yomshayeli” > “Ake ngikhethe ohlwini lwabashayeli abatholakalayo kukhompyutha yami” bese uhlola okuthi “Bonisa ihadiwe ehambisanayo”, ungakhetha umshayeli ojwayelekile ozinzile ovame ukugwema ukungqubuzana nezinguqulo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezingapholishiwe kahle.

Uma inkinga ibangelwa ukuthi olunye uhlelo luphazamisa lapho kungafanele khona (luvame kakhulu kuma-PDF suites, abaphathi bokuphrinta, noma isofthiwe edala amadivayisi abonakalayo), isu elinengqondo yileli Okokuqala, khipha lolo hlelo olusolisayo, bese uhlanza noma yimaphi amafayela asele uma kungenzeka, ulandela iziqondiso ezinikeziwe. khipha izinhlelo bese uhlanza i-PC yakho bese ufaka kabusha abashayeli abasemthethweni

Ukungqubuzana phakathi kwe-Windows Update kanye ne-GPU, umsindo, kanye nabanye abashayeli

Icala elivamile kakhulu lokungqubuzana kwesofthiwe nomshayeli yilelo elenzeka nge amakhadi ehluzo esimanje ku-Windows 10 kanye ne-11Ufaka iphakheji yakamuva ye-AMD Adrenalin noma umshayeli we-NVIDIA kusuka kuwebhusayithi yabo, konke kuqala kahle, bese kuthi ngemva kwesikhashana noma ngemva kokuqalisa kabusha kaningana, izinkinga ziqale: isikrini siba mnyamaEsinye seziqaphi siyayeka ukutholakala, noma i-Steam ngeke ivule imidlalo ngoba "akukho mshayeli ohambisanayo."

Incazelo evame kakhulu ukuthi i-Windows Update inqume ukubuyekeza umshayeli we-GPU ngokwayo, ifaka inguqulo ehlukile kunaleyo esephaketheni le-AMD/NVIDIA. Leyo ngxube ihlanganisa Kungaphula izingxenye zesofthiwe yokuphatha (i-Adrenalin, i-GeForce Experience) noma kushiye uhlelo lusesimweni esingaguquguquki..

Ukuze kuncishiswe lezi zingxabano, abasebenzisi abaningi bakhetha izinyathelo ezimbili: ukusebenzisa I-DDU (Display Driver Uninstaller) ikwimodi ephephile yokuhlanza ngokuphelele izinsalela zabashayeli bangaphambilini bese ufaka idrayivu esemthethweni oyifunayo ngokunqamula ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi okwesikhashana noma ukuvimba iWindows ekuvuseleleni ngokuzenzakalelayo abashayeli behadiwe.

Kwenzeka okufanayo nakwabanye abashayeli bomsindo ngemva kokubuyekezwa okukhulu kwe-Windows 10/11. Ungase uhlangane nakho amamakrofoni azwakala ephambeneAmadivayisi angaveli noma axube abashayeli bomkhiqizi nenguqulo ejwayelekile ye-Windows. Kulezi zimo, uma ukubuyekeza kusuka kuwebhusayithi yomkhiqizi kungasebenzi, indlela ephumelela kakhulu ukuthumela abashayeli kusuka kukhompyutha yomodeli efanayo esebenza kahle.

Nge-DISM ungakwazi, ekugcineni "okunempilo", ukwenza DISM /online /export-driver /destination:D:\ModeloPortatil ukususa wonke ama-driver afakiwe. Bese, kukhompyutha enenkinga, faka nge- pnputil /add-driver "D:\ModeloPortatil\*.inf" /subdirs /install. Ngale ndlela, Ukopisha ngqo isethi yabashayeli owaziyo ukuthi bayasebenza.ngaphandle kokuthembela ekusesheni ngesandla.

Amaphrinta: uhlobo lwakudala oluhlala njalo lwezingxabano zomshayeli

Uma kukhona idivayisi eyodwa evame ukungqubuzana neWindows, yiyo iphrintaKusukela ekufakweni okungapheli kuya kumyalezo oyinganekwane othi "umshayeli wephrinta akatholakali", kuya ekuphrinteni imigqa ebhajwa unomphela.

Ezimweni ezilula, ikhambi elifanele ukuxhuma iphrinta kwi-PC ngokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi bese uvumela i-Windows Update ukuthi iyiphathe. sesha, ulande, futhi ufake abashayeli ngokuzenzakalelayoUma kuyiphrinta exhunywe nge-USB, ngokuvamile akusadingeki lutho olunye. Uma isebenzisa i-Wi-Fi, ngokuvamile uzodinga isevisi yomenzi (i-HP, i-Canon, i-Epson, i-Brother, njll.) ukuze uyixhume kunethiwekhi yakho.

Uma iphrinta isivele ifakiwe kodwa iyeka ukuphrinta futhi imisebenzi ibambeka emgqeni unomphela, icebo elisebenza kahle kakhulu hlanza ngesandla umugqa wokuphrintaLokhu kwenziwa kusukela ku-CMD enamalungelo okuphatha ngokuqala ukusebenzisa net stop spooler ukumisa isevisi yokususa izinto, ukuqeda imisebenzi ngaphakathi, bese net start spooler ukuqala kabusha.

Uma inkinga imayelana nabashayeli kuphela, ungabafaka kabusha kusuka ku-Device Manager: ku-"Print queues" thola iphrinta yakho, chofoza kwesokudla, "Khipha idivayisi" (futhi ususe isofthiwe uma leyo nketho inikezwa) bese uqala kabusha i-PC yakho ukuze i-Windows iphinde iseshe umshayeli ohambisanayo kusuka ku-Windows Update.

Kwezinye izimo, ikakhulukazi ngamamodeli amadala noma alula kakhulu, kusebenza kangcono ukusebenzisa umshayeli wephrinta we-Microsoft ojwayelekileEmuva ku-Device Manager, khetha okuthi "Buyekeza umshayeli", khetha ukufakwa ngesandla bese kuthi "Ake ngikhethe ohlwini lwabashayeli abatholakalayo kukhompyutha yami", uhlole umshayeli ojwayelekile ohambisanayo.

Uma iphrinta ixhunywe kunethiwekhi futhi kungekho ndlela yokuyenza iphendule, kufanelekile ukuhlola ukuthi akukho I-Windows Firewall noma isofthiwe ye-antivirus ayivimbeli ikheli le-IP noma amachwebaKusukela kuzilungiselelo > Isibuyekezo Nokuphepha > Ukuphepha kwe-Windows > Ukuvikelwa komlilo kanye nenethiwekhi, ungabuyekeza imithetho, uvule ama-port adingekayo, noma wenze isivivinyo esisheshayo ngokukhubaza okwesikhashana ukuvikelwa ukuze ubone ukuthi lokho kuyimbangela yenkinga.

Hlanza i-boot, abashayeli abafihliwe, kanye ne-malware

Uma usola ukuthi kukhona ukungqubuzana phakathi kwabashayeli nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, kodwa ungakwazi ukukubona, yenza I-Windows clean boot Leli isu elisebenza kahle kakhulu lokuhlukanisa inkinga. Kule modi, uhlelo luqala ngezinsizakalo ezibalulekile kanye nabashayeli abancane kuphela, futhi ngaphandle kwezinhlelo zokuqala zenkampani yangaphandle.

Ukuze uyilungiselele, qalisa msconfig.msc (Okhiye be-Win + R), ku-“Services” khetha okuthi “Fihla zonke izinsizakalo ze-Microsoft” bese uchofoza okuthi “Khubaza konke”. Bese, kuthebhu ethi “Qala”, vula i-Task Manager bese ukhubaza zonke izinto zokuqala, okungcono kakhulu ebhala ephepheni ukuthi yini eyasebenza ukuze ikwazi ukuvuselelwa ngendlela ehlelekile.

Ngemva kokusebenzisa izinguquko nokuqalisa kabusha, iWindows izoqala kabusha kwimodi ehlanzekile. Uma ungakwazi ukufaka noma ukufaka kabusha abashayeli ngaphandle kwamaphutha kule ndawo, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi isevisi noma uhlelo oluthile lwenkampani yangaphandle beluphazamisaNgemuva kwalokho ungavuselela kancane kancane izinto uze uthole imbangela.

Elinye icebiso eliwusizo ukukhombisa abashayeli abafihliwe ku-Device ManagerKumenyu ethi "Buka", ungavumela i-"Bonisa amadivayisi afihliwe" futhi uzobona ihadiwe nabashayeli abangaveli ngokuvamile, abaningi babo bafakwe kusengaphambili ngumenzi wekhompyutha. Kuvamile ukuthi Umshayeli omdala noma ophindwe kabili kungenzeka ukuthi ubangela izingxabanoNgokuyenza ibonakale, ungayibuyekeza, uyikhubaze, noma uyikhiphe njengoba kudingeka.

Uma usola ukuthi i-malware ihilelekile ngoba abashayeli babonakala bonakalisiwe ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile, udinga ukusebenzisa isofthiwe yakho ye-antivirus. Ungasebenzisa leyo oyifakile noma usebenzise [olunye uhlelo/ithuluzi le-antivirus]. Ukuvikelwa okwakhelwe ngaphakathi kwamafasitela (Ukuphepha kwamafasitela)Cindezela u-Win + S ukuze useshe "i-Virus & threat protection" (noma umane uthi "virus") bese usebenzisa i-"Quick scan" noma i-full scan. Uma uhlelo seluhlanzekile, faka kabusha abashayeli abanenkinga emthonjeni osemthethweni.

Izibuyekezo zomshayeli: Isibuyekezo se-Windows, abakhiqizi, namathuluzi angaphandle

Ukuze kugcinwe ukungqubuzana kwesofthiwe kanye nomshayeli kuphephile, kubalulekile ukugcina ihadiwe yakho isesikhathini, kodwa ngaphandle kokweqisa. Kumakhompyutha amaningi, Isibuyekezo seWindows kanye namathuluzi asemthethweni avela kumkhiqizi ngamunye. Zihlanganisa cishe zonke izidingo.

Mane nje uthayiphe okuthi "izibuyekezo" ku-Windows Search ukuze ufinyelele ku-"Hlola izibuyekezo." Ukuchofoza okuthi "Hlola izibuyekezo" kuzothola izinguqulo ezintsha zomshayeli ezikhishwe nge-Windows Update, kufaka phakathi abashayeli okungenzeka ukuthi abazange balandwe lapho ufaka i-PC yakho okokuqala.

Uma kwenzeka ama-graphic processors nama-chipset, abakhiqizi abaningi banikeza izinsiza ezithileI-Intel inethuluzi lokuvuselela umshayeli lamahhala elithola futhi liphakamise amaphakheji afanele; uma ukhetha ukukwenza ngesandla, ungaya kuwebhusayithi ye-Intel, ulande umshayeli ohambisanayo, futhi kusukela ku-Device Manager, ku-"Sound, video and game controllers" noma esigabeni esifanele, sebenzisa i-"Buyekeza umshayeli" ekhomba ifolda lapho ukhiphe khona iphakheji.

Nge-AMD kuyafana: uya kwiwebhusayithi yabo, ukhethe uhlobo lomkhiqizo wakho, imodeli kanye nesistimu yokusebenza bese Landa iphakheji yomshayeli we-WindowsKumakhadi e-NVIDIA, ingosi yabo yokulanda ikuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise usesho lwakho ngohlobo lwe-GPU, uchungechunge, umkhiqizo othize, isistimu yokusebenza, uhlobo lokulanda, kanye nolimi, ngezigaba ezihlukene zabashayeli abadala kanye nezinguqulo ze-beta.

Ngaphandle kwezinsizakusebenza ezisemthethweni, kunezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa ukuze kube lula ukuphila, kodwa kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokuqapha. Izinhlelo ezifana nalezi Isifaki Somshayeli Esivuthayo (ngenguqulo ye-Lite ephathekayo) ikuvumela ukuthi uskene i-PC ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi kusuka kudrayivu ye-USB bese usebenzisa izibuyekezo zomshayeli we-batch kusuka kusizindalwazi esikhulu; noma kunjalo, kufanele uhlale uyilanda kusuka kuwebhusayithi yayo esemthethweni, ngoba izinhlobo eziguquliwe ezifakwe i-malware ziyasakazwa.

Ezinye izinsiza ezifana Shayela uThalente Banikeza izinguqulo zamahhala ezilinganiselwe kakhulu kanye nama-Pro editions akhokhelwayo askena ikhompyutha yakho, athole abashayeli abaphelelwe yisikhathi, bese ebalanda/abafaka ngokuzenzakalelayo. Asebenza kahle, kodwa ngaphambi kokukhokhela elinye lala mathuluzi, ngokuvamile kufanelekile ukukhetha okusemthethweni okukhathazayo. Gwema ukuxuba imithombo eminingi kakhulu yabashayeli eqenjini elifanayo.

Kukhona nezinsizakusebenza ezikhethekile, njenge Isitolo SomshayeliLeli thuluzi lihlaziya indawo yokugcina abashayeli be-Windows, lithola ama-duplicate, likuvumela ukuthi ususe abashayeli abadala noma abanenkinga, futhi likhiqize uhlu olunemininingwane. Liwumthombo ovulekile (otholakala ku-GitHub) futhi lingalungiswa ngezilimi eziningi. I-interface yalo yakudala ingenziwa ngokwezifiso kakhulu futhi yenza kube lula, isibonelo, ukubona ukuthi iyiphi idivayisi ethile ehlotshaniswa nomshayeli ngamunye.

Amaphutha amakhulu omshayeli nokuthi kufanele ufake kabusha noma ufomethe nini

Ezindaweni ezifana namadivayisi e-Surface, ukuxuba abashayeli abasemthethweni nababuyekezi bezinkampani zangaphandle njenge-Driver Booster kungaba yindlela yokudala inhlekelele. Kuvamile ukuthi amaphutha avele ngemva kokusebenzisa lezi zinsiza. abalandeli abagijima njalo ngesivinini esigcwele, isikrini siyama, noma ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile ngoba bafake izinguqulo ezingasekelwa kulowo modeli; kuyalulekwa ukuhlola Impilo yengxenye ye-PC uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu zomzimba ezingavamile.

Kumadivayisi anjalo, ukwesekwa kweMicrosoft ngokwayo kuncoma okulandelayo: Ungasebenzisi amathuluzi avela eceleni ukuze ubuyekeze abashayeliKunalokho, thembela kuhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Surface, izibuyekezo ezizenzakalelayo ze-Windows, noma i-Surface Diagnostic Toolkit. Uma umonakalo usuvele wenzekile, ungazama ukulungisa isimo ngokulanda ifayela eliphelele le-MSI labashayeli kanye ne-firmware yemodeli yakho ethile kwiwebhusayithi ye-Microsoft bese uyifaka ngesandla.

Uma lokho kungabuyiseli ukuzinza, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ukungenelela kwesibuyekezi sangaphandle kushiye i-firmware noma uhlelo lusesimweni esonakele. Kuleso simo, isinyathelo esihlanzekile nesiphephile ngokuvamile uku Faka kabusha iWindows kusuka kudrayivu ye-USB yokutakulaLokhu kuguqula ngokuphelele isithombe sedivayisi, kufaka phakathi i-firmware yokuqala kanye nabashayeli.

Inqubo, ngokubanzi, ihilela ukusebenzisa enye i-PC ye-Windows ukuya ekhasini elithi "Landa isithombe sokubuyisa i-Surface", ungene ngemvume nge-akhawunti yakho ye-Microsoft, ulande isithombe semodeli yakho, ulungiselele idrayivu ye-USB efomethwe njenge-FAT32, ukhiphe isithombe kuyo, bese kuthi, ku-Surface ethintekile, Qalisa kusukela kuleyo drive yokutakula ngokucindezela phansi ivolumu ngenkathi uvulaKusuka endaweni yokutakula, khetha okuthi "Ukuxazulula izinkinga" > "Buyisela kusuka kudrayivu", vuma ukusula konke, bese uvumela uhlelo ukuthi luphinde lunikezele.

Ngaphandle kwe-Surface ecosystem, uma ngemuva kokuzama ukufaka kabusha umshayeli, ukususwa kwe-malware, ukuhlanza i-boot, kanye nezinye izixazululo idivayisi iqhubeka nokubhekana nokuphahlazeka okuhlobene nomshayeli njalo, kungase kube yisikhathi sokucabangela ezinye izixazululo. ukufakwa kweWindows okuhlanzekile noma ukuya kusevisi yobuchwephesheUma i-PC ingaphansi kwewaranti, umenzi angase ahlele kabusha abashayeli ngesandla noma ashintshe ihadiwe enephutha mahhala.

Ekugcineni, futhi ikakhulukazi lapho kubhekene nezinkinga zokunyathelisa eziyinkimbinkimbi ezindaweni zobungcweti noma izingxabano zabashayeli ezithinta ibhizinisi, ngokuba ne Isevisi yokulungisa i-IT ekude noma esendaweni engu-24/7 Kungonga isikhathi esiningi esichithwa phambi kwesikrini uzama ukuhlanganisa izinto ngokungazi.

Ukwazi lolu hlu lonke lwamathuluzi, kusukela ku-Driver Verifier kanye ne-Device Manager kuya kubathumeli babashayeli, abaxazululi bezinkinga ze-Windows, kanye nezinsiza ezisemthethweni ezivela kumkhiqizi ngamunye, kukuvumela ukuthi ubhekane nalokhu. izingxabano phakathi kwesofthiwe nabashayeli abanekhanda nendlelaukunciphisa ukuzama nokwenza amaphutha kanye nokunciphisa amathuba okugcina uhlelekile ngenxa yokuphelelwa yithemba lapho izinkinga eziningi zingaxazululwa ekhaya ngezinyathelo ezimbalwa ezicatshangelwe kahle.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Indlela yokulungisa isikrini esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka seWindows isinyathelo ngesinyathelo