- Ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kwezinqubo zokubethela kanye nokutholakala kobuthakathaka obubalulekile njenge-WPS esebenzayo.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi obuchwepheshe omthombo ovulekile wokuthola idivayisi kanye nokuhlaziywa kwethrafikhi.
- Izindlela zokuphepha zobungcweti zokuhlukaniswa kwenethiwekhi kanye nokuthuthela ezindinganisweni ze-WPA3.
Uma sikhuluma ngokuphepha kwasekhaya noma ehhovisi, sivame ukucabanga ukuthi ukusebenzisa nje iphasiwedi eyinkimbinkimbi ngokwanele ukusigcina siphephile. Kodwa-ke, iqiniso liwukuthi amanethiwekhi angenantambo... elinye lamaphuzu abuthakathaka kwanoma iyiphi ingqalasizinda yedijithali, iba yindawo yokungena ekhethwayo kulabo abafuna idatha ebucayi ngaphandle kokushiya umkhondo.
Ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwenethiwekhi kumane kuwukuhlola okuphelele kokuxhumana kwakho ne- ubuthakathaka bezinsika kanye namaphutha okucushwa ngaphambi kokuba othile onenkani akwenzele kona. Akukhona nje ngesivinini, kodwa mayelana nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ulwazi lwakho luvikelekile ekuhlaselweni kwesichazamazwi noma ekungeneni okungagunyaziwe.
Kuhilelani ngempela ukuhlolwa kwe-WiFi?
Ngokuyisisekelo, kuyinqubo ehlelekile yokuhlola ukuthi inethiwekhi yakho iphephile noma ukuthi inobuthakathaka obungavumela umuntu wesithathu ukuthi ayingene. Ukuhlolwa okuphelele akugcini nje ekuhlolweni kwesihluthulelo; kuhilela ukuhlaziywa. izendlalelo eziyisithupha eziyisisekelo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukuvuza kwedatha noma ukufinyelela okungahleliwe.
Okokuqala, ukutholwa kwenethiwekhi kwenziwa ukuze kutholakale wonke amaphoyinti okufinyelela nokuthola ukuthi akhona yini. Ama-AP angagunyaziwe (ama-AP adumile) afakwe othile ngaphandle kwemvume. Bese, ukubethela kuyahlaziywa ukuze kubonwe ukuthi kusetshenziswa yini amaphrothokholi aphelelwe yisikhathi njenge-WEP, angaphulwa namuhla ngokuphazima kweso.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlola ukucushwa kwe-router, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-firmware isesikhathini nokuthi azikho izinkinga. iziqinisekiso zomlawuli ezizenzakalelayo (njengomphathi/umphathi ojwayelekile). Ukuze uthuthukise ihadiwe, ungabheka ku- Umhlahlandlela wokusetha we-FritzBox uma usebenzisa le mishini.
Ekugcineni, ukumbozwa kuhlelwe ukuze kubonwe ukuthi isignali iphuma kude kakhulu ngaphandle kwesakhiwo, bese kuthathwa uhlu lwamadivayisi axhunyiwe. thola imishini engaziwa noma ithrafikhi eziphatha ngendlela exakile.
Izikhali zobuchwepheshe: Amathuluzi abalulekile
Ukuze wenze umsebenzi onzima, uhlelo lokusebenza lokuhlola isivinini alwanele. Udinga isofthiwe ekhethekile ekuvumela ukuthi ubone indawo ephelele. I-suite I-Aircrack-ng Yiyona ndlovukazi kule nsimu, njengoba ivumela ukuthwebula ukuxhawulana nokuhlaziya amaphakethe, yize idinga ikhadi lenethiwekhi elihambisana nemodi yokuqapha kanye, okungcono, ne-Linux.
Uma ufuna ukwenza ifayela le- ukuhlaziywa kwethrafikhi yenethiwekhi ngesikhathi sangempela, I-Wireshark Iyithuluzi elifanele. Ikuvumela ukuthi uhlukanise amaphakethe bese uthola ukuthi kukhona ukuxhumana okungabethelwe, njengezinqubo ze-HTTP noma ze-FTP, okuyi Izipho zangempela zomhlaseli.
Ukuze kutholakale iqembu, I-Nmap Yindlela ejwayelekile. Ngokuskena okulula, ungabona ukuthi yimaphi amadivayisi asebenzayo, ukuthi yimaphi ama-port avuliwe, nokuthi iyiphi isistimu yokusebenza ayisebenzisayo, okusiza ukwenza kanjalo. ukunciphisa indawo yokuhlasela.
Kulabo abathanda iWindows noma abadinga okuthile okubonakalayo, kunezinketho ezifana nalezi I-Acrylic WiFiiwusizo kakhulu ekuhlaziyeni iziteshi namadivayisi, noma I-NetSpot, okuyithuluzi lenkanyezi lokudala amamephu okushisa nokuthola izindawo ezifile noma ukuphazamiseka ehhovisi.
Kukhona futhi ukusatshalaliswa okuphelele okufana nokuthi I-Kali Linux noma i-Wifislaxesevele iza nayo yonke indawo yokugcina amathuluzi afakwe ngaphambilini, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukwenza izivivinyo zokungena ngaphandle kokufaka isofthiwe ngayinye ngokwehlukana.
Indlela yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokuhlola okuphumelelayo
Uma ufuna ukulandela indlela yobungcweti, ungayisekela endleleni ye-OWISAM, ehlukanisa inqubo ngezigaba ezicacile. Eyokuqala... ukuqashelwa okungenamsebenzilapho siskena khona umoya ukuze sibone ukuthi yimaphi amanethiwekhi abonakalayo, ama-SSID awo, iziteshi, kanye nohlobo lokubethela abalusebenzisayo.
Uma inhloso isitholiwe, siqhubeka nokuqinisekisa iphrothokholi. I-oda lokuphepha lisukela ku-WEP (ephukile ngokuphelele), kuya ku-WPA kanye ne-WPA2, kuya ku- I-WPA3, okuyiyona ejwayelekile eqinile kakhulu ngenxa yephrothokholi ye-SAE (Simultaneous Authentication of Equals), evimbela ukuhlaselwa kwesichazamazwi sendabuko.
Isinyathelo esibalulekile ukuhlola I-WPS (Ukusetha Okuvikelwe yi-Wi-Fi)Ama-router amaningi avumela lokhu ngokuzenzakalelayo, kodwa kuyisimo esibucayi esivumela i-PIN ukuthi itholakale nge-brute force ngemizuzwana embalwa. Uma ubona ukuthi iyasebenza, isinyathelo esingcono kakhulu vala ngokushesha kuzilungiselelo zomzila.
Okulandelayo, ukuhlaziywa kwethrafikhi kanye nokudalwa kwesitoko sedivayisi kwenzeka. Uma uthola idivayisi okungafanele ibe lapho, kubangela isexwayiso esibomvu. Lonke lolu hlelo kufanele luphethe ngokuthi Umbiko oningiliziwe ehlukanisa ubuthakathaka ngobunzima (obubucayi, obuphezulu, obuphakathi noma obuphansi) futhi iphakamisa uhlelo lokusebenza olunezinsuku zokugcina ezithile.
Ubuthakathaka obuvamile kanye nendlela yokubulungisa
Empeleni, kuvamile kakhulu ukuthola amaphasiwedi noma amaphasiwedi abuthakathaka asebenzisa igama lenkampani, angaqhekeka ngemizuzu embalwa ngokuhlaselwa kwesichazamazwi. Isixazululo ukusebenzisa amaphasiwedi aqinile. okungenani izinhlamvu eziyi-12 ukuhlanganisa izinhlamvu ezinkulu, izinombolo, kanye nezimpawu, okukuvumela ukuthi ubuyekeze indlela yokuphatha Amaphasiwedi e-WiFi alondolozwe efonini yakho ephathekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ziqinile.
Elinye iphutha elibalulekile ukuba nenethiwekhi yezivakashi engahlukanisiwe, evumela noma yisiphi isivakashi ukuthi sifinyelele amaseva angaphakathi enkampani. Ukucushwa kwe-VLAN kanye nokuphepha kwenethiwekhi Iyona kuphela indlela yokugwema le ngozi.
Ukusebenzisa ama-SSID embula ulwazi olubucayi (njenge-"WiFi_Company_Accounting") kungenye iphutha elivamile, njengoba kutshela umhlaseli ukuthi ibhizinisi lakho liyini ngempela. Iyiphi inethiwekhi ethakazelisa kakhulu? ukuhlasela. Okungcono kakhulu, sebenzisa amagama ajwayelekile anganikezi izinkomba mayelana nenhlangano.
Ukunciphisa izingozi empilweni yansuku zonke, ikakhulukazi kulabo abasebenza kude amanethiwekhi omphakathi e-Wi-Fi Emakhefi noma emahhotela, ukusetshenziswa kwe- I-VPN yebhizinisi enokubethela kwe-AES-256Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi, noma ngabe inethiwekhi ye-WiFi ayiphephile, umhubhe wokuxhumana uvikelwe ngokuphelele.
Ukulondoloza ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi engenantambo kudinga ibhalansi phakathi kokusebenzisa amathuluzi okuskena njenge-Nmap ne-Aircrack-ng, ukuthuthela ezindinganisweni zesimanje njenge-WPA3, kanye nokugcinwa njalo okuhlanganisa ukukhubaza i-WPS kanye ne- isibuyekezo sokuphepha kwesofthiwe ye-firmware. Ukwenza lokhu kubuyekezwa njalo kukuvumela ukuthi uguqule indawo esengozini ibe yingqalasizinda eqinile ekwazi ukumelana nemizamo evamile yokungena.
