Indlela yokukala nokwenza ngcono ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kwelebhu yakho yasekhaya

Informatec Digital » Izinsiza » Indlela yokukala nokwenza ngcono ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kwelebhu yakho yasekhaya

Uma unelabhorethri yasekhaya efakwe izingxenye ezisetshenzisiwe , amaseva amaningana, i-NAS, kanye namadivayisi amaningi okuxhumana, kungenzeka ukuthi awuqiniseki ngokuphelele ukuthi usebenzisa ugesi ongakanani inyanga ngayinye ukuze uqhubeke usebenza. Futhi uma uqala ukwengeza imibhoshongo emidala, amaswishi e-Cisco, ama-router, izindawo zokufinyelela, kanye namanye amagajethi obuchwepheshe, ukusetshenziswa kuyanda ngaphandle kokuthi uqaphele. Ekugcineni, leyo "mishini yamahhala" oyisebenzisile kabusha ehhovisi noma kwi-PC yakho endala ingaba uhlobo lwe- radiator enamafeni anomsindo afudumeza igumbi futhi akhuphule ibhili lakho.

Uma sinezela kukho konke lokhu okunye ukukhathazeka kwangempela: ngaphandle kwemali, kukhona umkhawulo ongokoqobo wokufakwa kukagesi kwakho. Izindlu eziningi zaseYurophu zine-230V kanye namandla ancishisiwe, uma uwadlula ngisho kancane, azokhubeka i-circuit breaker ngesikhathi esibi kakhulu: i-oven + air conditioning + homelab mining logs kanye… nobumnyama. Yingakho ukulinganisa ngokunembile ukusetshenziswa kwamandla akho nokuhlela ukuthi iyiphi ihadiwe oyisebenzisayo elabhorethri yakho yasekhaya akuseyona nje eyabantu abanekhono lokusebenza kahle; cishe kuyisidingo sasekhaya uma ufuna ukugwema izinto ezimangazayo ezingathandeki.

Kungani ilabhorethri yasekhaya enemishini yakudala isebenzisa amandla amaningi kangaka?

Abantu abaningi bahlela i-homelab yabo yokuqala nganoma yini abanayo: imibhoshongo yedeskithophu endala, izindawo zokusebenza ezithathe umhlalaphansi , iseva etholakale emsebenzini… Ekuqaleni, kubonakala sengathi uhlelo oluphelele: akukho zindleko zokuthenga, amandla amaningi e-CPU ne-RAM, nakho konke okulungele ukufaka i-Proxmox, izitsha, noma ama-VM. Inkinga ivela ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva uma uqala ukuqaphela ukuthi ihhovisi lihlala lishisa, amafeni awapheli, futhi ibhili kagesi alisafani.

Iphutha eliyinhloko ukucabanga ukuthi "izinto ezindala zimahhala ngoba sezivele zizikhokhele zona." Ihadiwe ehlala isebenza inezindleko eziphindaphindayo : ugesi. Ngisho noma ikhompyutha ingasebenzisi i-CPU kahle, uma idla ama-80-120W usuku lonke ngenkathi ingasebenzi, lokho kuyanezela. Futhi uma kungesiyona eyodwa kuphela, kodwa amadivayisi amathathu noma amane asebenza amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngesonto, umthelela uyaphindaphindeka.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke lawo mandla engeziwe aguqulwa abe ukushisa. Lokhu kushisa kuphoqa abalandeli ukuthi bagijime ngokushesha, kudale umsindo owengeziwe, kungadinga ukuthi usebenzise umoya opholile kakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile kwenza ilabhorethri yakho yasekhaya ingakhululeki ukuba nayo. Iseva eyodwa yesimanje, esebenza kahle ingathatha indawo yamabhokisi amaningana amadala, inciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokushisa kwegumbi.

Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi ihadiwe endala ivame ukuba nkulu kakhulu kulokho okudingayo ngempela ukuthi ikwenze. Izinsizakalo ezijwayelekile zokuzibamba njengokuhlunga i-DNS, ama-backups endawo, amaphaneli ewebhu, ukuvumelanisa amafayela, izitsha ezilula, noma umtapo wolwazi omncane wemidiya awudingi isabelomali samandla esisezingeni lomsebenzi . Umbhoshongo oneminyaka eyishumi ubudala ochitha isikhathi sawo esiningi ekusetshenzisweni kwe-CPU okungu-5% kanye nama-hard drive ajikelezayo njalo, ngokombono wamandla, utshalomali olubi.

Indlela yokukala ukusebenza nge-watt ngayinye yelabhorethri yakho yasekhaya

Ngaphambi kokushintsha noma yini, kungumqondo omuhle ukuthatha izilinganiso. Isihluthulelo akukhona nje ukwazi ukuthi mangaki ama-watt asetshenziswa umshini, kodwa ukuthi uthola ukusebenza okuwusizo kangakanani nge-watt ngayinye . Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungalandela indlela elula kakhulu usebenzisa imitha yamandla e-plug-in noma imitha yokubamba:

1. Kala ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okulindile

Vumela uhlelo luqalise, linda imizuzu embalwa ukuze luzinze, bese uxhuma imitha yamandla e-plug-in phakathi kwe-outlet yamandla nedivayisi. Qaphela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okungasebenzi. Lesi sibalo sibaluleke kakhulu ngoba izinsizakalo eziningi ze-homelab zichitha isikhathi esiningi ngaphandle komthwalo osindayo.

2. Kala ngaphansi komthwalo wokusetshenziswa wangempela

Okulandelayo, sebenzisa imisebenzi oyisebenzisayo nsuku zonke: ukuvumelanisa amafayela, ukwenza amakhophi, ukufaka inkomba kulabhulali yakho yemidiya, ukusebenzisa izitsha, imishini evamile ebonakalayo, njll. Kuleso simo, bhala phansi ukusebenza futhi. Ngale ndlela wazi ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwakho okuvamile kukubiza malini , hhayi nje inani eliphakeme kakhulu.

3. Kala ngomthwalo ogcwele (uma kunengqondo)

Kwezinye izimo, uzofuna ukwazi ukuthi uhlelo lusebenza kanjani ngaphansi komthwalo osindayo (isibonelo, uma wenza i-video transcoding noma imithwalo yemisebenzi yokubala ejulile). Yenza ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka okunengqondo bese ubheka ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu, amazinga okushisa, nokuthi umsindo wefeni uyanda yini kakhulu. Lokhu kuzobonisa imikhawulo yokushisa kanye nogesi yesistimu.

4. Qopha ukusebenza okuwusizo

Ungagxili nje kuma-watts. Qaphela ukuthi zingaki izinsizakalo uhlelo olungaziphatha ngaphandle kokunciphisa ijubane, kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukusekela ngokulondoloza, ukuthi ama-VM noma izitsha zisabela kangakanani uma zonke zisebenza, njalo njalo. Ngale ndlela, ungaqhathanisa imishini ngokusekelwe kumthamo womsebenzi wangempela , hhayi nje imininingwane.

5. Qhathanisa ngokusebenza kahle okuphelele, hhayi nge-GHz

Uma ucabangela izinketho eziningana (isibonelo, umbhoshongo omdala uma kuqhathaniswa nebhodi le-motherboard lesimanje le-x86 noma i-microserver), bheka ukuthi zingaki izinsiza abazinikezayo zomthwalo womsebenzi ofanayo nokuthi zingakanani amandla abazisebenzisayo. Uhlelo olungcono kakhulu aluhlali lushesha kakhulu , kodwa kunalokho yilolo olwenza lokho okudingayo ngenkathi usebenzisa ama-watts ambalwa njalo.

Kubalulekile ukucacisa into ebangela ukudideka okukhulu: i -TDP yeprosesa (noma amandla ayisisekelo amenyezelwe ngumenzi) iyinkomba yokushisa elinganiselwe , hhayi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwangempela kwesistimu yonke. Isibalo sokugcina endaweni yokukhipha amandla sithonywa yimemori, ama-hard drive, ikhadi lenethiwekhi, abalawuli, amakhadi okunweba e-PCIe, njll. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukukala amandla endaweni yokukhipha futhi ungathembeli kuphela ezicacisweni zobuchwepheshe.

Ukulinganisa ukusetshenziswa kwendlu yonke uma kuqhathaniswa ne-homelab kuphela

Uma uqala ukukhathazeka kancane ngalezi zihloko, kuphakama umbuzo ovame kakhulu: ingabe nginesithakazelo sokuqopha konke ukusetshenziswa kwekhaya kusuka kuphaneli noma ngigxile kulokho okusetshenziswa yi-homelab kanye nedivayisi ethile eyisihluthulelo?

Eqinisweni, lawa macebo amabili ayahambisana:

• Ukulinganisa komhlaba wonkeUqapha ukuphuma okuvela kumitha noma emgqeni oyinhloko wephaneli kagesi. Ngale ndlela wazi ukusetshenziswa kwakho okuphelele, iziqongo zamandla, kanye nokuthi ungakanani umkhawulo osele uma kuqhathaniswa namandla akho ancintisanayo.
• Ukulinganiswa ngamasekethe noma amadivayisiIkuvumela ukuthi uhlukanise ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye yezindleko ehambisana nelabhorethri yasekhaya, umoya opholile, ikhishi, njll. Yindlela yokuhlasela ngempela "ama-energy hog".

Uma umgomo wakho oyinhloko ukwenza ilabhorethri yakho isebenze kahle kakhudlwana, isidingo esincane ukufaka imitha yamandla ngayinye ku-rack noma kuma-power strips lapho uxhuma khona amaseva, amadivayisi e-NAS, kanye nama-switch. Uma ufuna futhi ukuqapha amandla akho ancishisiwe futhi uvimbele ama-circuit breakers ukuthi angawi, khona-ke kufanelekile ukuthatha izilinganiso kuphaneli kagesi, kungaba ngemitha yokubamba noma imitha ephakathi.

Izinhlobo zamamitha okusetshenziswa kukagesi: umuntu ngamunye kanye nomhlaba wonke

Imakethe inikeza konke kusukela kuzixazululo ezilula kakhulu nezingabizi kakhulu kuya ezinhlelweni ezikwazi ukuhlaziya ama-harmonics kanye nekhwalithi yamandla. Ukuze sikunikeze umbono ongcono, singakhuluma ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamamitha ezizofanelana nelabhorethri yakho yasekhaya kanye nekhaya lakho lilonke.

Amamitha ngamanye: afanelekela amalebhu asekhaya namadivayisi athile

Amamitha amandla ngamanye yilawo madivayisi axhunyiwe anesikrini osibeka phakathi kwe-outlet kanye nomshini ofuna ukuwuqapha. Awadingi isamukeli sangaphandle; umane uwaxhume bese eqala ukuqopha amandla. Ngaphansi kuka-€15-20, ungathola amamodeli akukhombisa amandla asheshayo, i-kWh eqoqwe, kanye nezindleko ezilinganisiwe uma ufaka intengo nge-kWh ngayinye.

Zilungele uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi zidla malini:

• Iseva yakho eyinhloko ye-homelab (noma i-node ngayinye ye-Proxmox uma uneziningana).
• I-NAS nawo wonke amadiski ayo.
• Iswishi ephethwe noma i-router ehlala ivuliwe.
• Umbhoshongo omdala osola ukuthi usebenzisa imali eningi kakhulu.

Okuwukuphela kwenkinga ukuthi amaningi ala madivayisi awagcini idatha yomlando ethuthukisiwe noma adale amagrafu ewodwa. Athatha ukufundwa okukodwa noma ukufundwa okuhlanganisiwe futhi akukho okunye, ngakho-ke kufanele ubhale phansi idatha uma ufuna ukuqhathanisa imishini noma ukwenza izibalo ezinemininingwane eminingi.

Amamitha omhlaba wonke: ukuqapha iphaneli kagesi

Bese kuba namamitha omhlaba wonke, aklanyelwe ukuqapha ukufakwa konke noma amasekethe athile avela kuphaneli kagesi. Ngokuvamile aqukethe:

• Un inzwa noma ikhawunta ye-modular efakwe ku-DIN rail (eduze kwama-circuit breakers nama-differential switch).
• Kwezinye izimo, i-transmitter ethatha idatha kusuka ku-sensor.
• Isamukeli noma isixhumi esibonakalayo (ngezinye izikhathi esihlanganisiwe) esibonisa ulwazi noma esiluthumela ngaphandle nge-USB, i-Modbus, i-M-Bus, i-infrared, njll.

Lolu hlobo lwesisombululo lukuvumela ukuthi:

• Bheka ukusetshenziswa kwezindlu emhlabeni jikelele ngesikhathi sangempela
• Bala ukusetshenziswa ngomugqa: umoya opholile, amanzi ashisayo, i-homelab, njll.
• Bala izindleko zansuku zonke, zamasonto onke, noma zanyanga zonke ngokusekelwe esilinganisweni sakho.
• Buka amazinga aphezulu wamandla bese uhlola ukuthi usondela yini emkhawulweni wakho onqunyelwe.

Ingxenye engajabulisi kangako ukuthi kufanele uvule iphaneli kagesi bese uphatha izintambo. Uma ungenalo ulwazi ngogesi, kungcono ukushayela ucingo uchwepheshe noma umuntu omethembayo owaziyo ukuthi wenzani. Ukusebenza ngaphakathi kwephaneli akuyona umdlalo , futhi iphutha lingabiza kakhulu.

Izixazululo ezithuthukisiwe: amamitha ahlakaniphile aqinisekisiwe kanye nokulinganisa kwe-NFC

Uma udinga into engathi sína kakhulu kune-plug-in meter, imishini efana namamitha ahlanganisiwe aqinisekiswe yi-MID iyasetshenziswa, esetshenziselwa amakhaya kanye namafulethi ezivakashi, izindawo zokupaka, izindawo zokukhempa noma izikhungo lapho kubalulekile ukukhokhisa noma ukusabalalisa izindleko ngokunembile.

Isibonelo esimele imitha ehlakaniphile evela kububanzi be-Finder 7M (noma ezinye izinto ezilinganayo), enikeza:

• isitifiketi se-MID kanye nephutha elingu-~1% kuphela, kusebenza ezilinganisweni ezinokwethenjelwa.
• Umthamo wamandla kagesi afinyelela ku-40 A (cishe ama-9.200 W ku-230V).
• Ukusebenza emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku-70ºC.
• Ukulinganisa okuqondene nezinhlangothi ezimbili: kulungele futhi lawula ukukhiqizwa kwe-photovoltaic.

Okuthakazelisayo ngala mamitha esimanje ukuthi uxhumana kanjani nawo. Amanye amamodeli akuvumela ukuthi ufunde futhi ulungiselele idatha ngokumane ulethe ifoni yakho ephathekayo eduze, ngenxa yokuxhumeka kwe-NFC kanye nohlelo lokusebenza olusemthethweni (isibonelo, i-Toolbox uma kukhulunywa nge-Finder). Ngale ndlela, umnikazi angenza lokhu:

Buka ukusetshenziswa okuqongelelwe kanye nokusetshenziswa okuyingxenye kusuka efonini yakho.

Londoloza ukufundwa, phatha amazinga, futhi ulungiselele amapharamitha ayisisekelo.

Yenza konke ngendlela fast and wireless.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ububanzi obukhulu bezindawo zokuxhumanisa ukuze kuhlanganiswe nezinhlelo zokulawula ikhaya ezithuthukisiwe kakhulu:

• Inkinobho yokuthinta ngaphambili kanye nesikrini esihlanganisiwe sokubonisana kwendawo.
• Imiphumela ye-pulse ye-S0 ephindwe kabili.
• Imbobo ye-infrared.
• I-interface ye-Modbus RS485.
• I-interface ye-M-Bus yezindawo zezimboni noma zomphakathi.

Enye inzuzo ebalulekile yezindawo lapho ukwebiwa kuvame khona ukuthi la mamitha awakwazi ukuphazanyiswa ngaphandle kokushiya umkhondo . Anezembozo ezibonakala sengathi ziyaphazanyiswa, izindlela ezingaphazanyiswa, kanye nebhethri langaphakathi eligcina idatha ngisho nangesikhathi sokucima kukagesi. Lokhu kuyinzuzo enkulu kubanikazi bezindawo, imiphakathi esebenzisa amandla ngokuhlanganyela, noma ngisho namagaraji omphakathi.

Amaningi alawa madivayisi enza nemisebenzi yokuhlaziya ikhwalithi yamandla : ukuthola ama-harmonics, ukungalingani, kanye nezinye izinkinga ezingase zichaze uhambo lwe-circuit breaker olungahleliwe ngaphandle kwephutha elisobala lokuvikela. Nakuba kungadingeki kakhulu elebhu elula yasekhaya, kungonga amahora amaningi okuhlola uma uhlangabezana nokuphazamiseka kukagesi okungavamile.

Gada ukusetshenziswa kwendlu yonke nomhlinzeki wamandla kanye ne-Datadis

ESpain, abanye abahlinzeki bamandla sebeqalile ukunikeza ukufinyelela okuseduze nesikhathi sangempela kudatha yemitha esemthethweni ngezinhlelo zabo zokusebenza. Lokhu kunjalo ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana ne-I-DE (Iberdrola) nezinye ezifanayo, ezivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi babone:

• Ukufundwa kwemitha ngehora nangosuku.
• Amazinga aphezulu amandla afinyelelwe.
• Idatha yomlando ngokwenyanga nesikhathi.
• Imininingwane ethile ngemvelaphi evuselelekayo yamandla asetshenziswayo.

Lokhu kuwusizo kakhulu ekuqondeni okwenzekayo lapho, isibonelo, ushintsha usuka ku-ceramic hob uye ku-induction hob bese ama-circuit breaker eqala ukukhubeka ehlobo lapho umoya opholile uvutha ngokugcwele. Ukushintsha kwamandla okungaphathwanga kahle kungakushiya unamandla angu-0,4 kW kuphela (icala langempela), okusho ukuthi ungasebenzisa isiqandisi kuphela ngaphandle kokuthi lonke uhlelo lukhubeke.

Ngaphandle kohlelo lokusebenza lwenkampani yakho, abasabalalisi baseSpain banikeza i-portal ye-Datadis, lapho, ngekhodi yakho ye-CUPS kanye nokubhaliswa kwangaphambilini (ukusebenza kuthatha isikhathi), ungabuka idatha eqoqwe ngqo yimitha yakho. Ezweni lamalebhu asekhaya kanye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela ekhaya, i-Datadis iyathakazelisa ngoba ingahlanganiswa ne-Home Assistant kusetshenziswa ama-plugin afana ne-homeassistant-edata (atholakala nge-HACS), akuvumela ukuthi:

• Landa umlando wokusetshenziswa kwemitha.
• Bonisa amagrafu ansuku zonke, anyanga zonke, kanye nawaphezulu.
• Hlanganisa leyo datha nephaneli ye-Home Assistant Energy.

Inkinga ukuthi i-Datadis ayinikezi idatha yesikhathi sangempela: ulwazi lubuyekezwa izikhathi eziningana ngosuku , ngezinye izikhathi ngokubambezeleka noma ukungasebenzi ngezikhathi ezithile. Kuwusizo ekuboneni izitayela, ukulinganisa ibhili yakho, nokuhlaziya izikhathi zokusebenzisa, kodwa akuthumeli izaziso ezisheshayo uma usuzodlula umkhawulo wakho wamandla ovunyelwene ngawo.

Kala ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi sangempela ngama-clamp namadivayisi ohlobo lwe-Shelly EM

Uma ufuna ukwazi kahle ukuthi yimaphi amandla asetshenziswa ekhaya lakho noma elabhorethri nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, khona-ke udinga okuthile okufana ne-Shelly EM noma amanye amamitha okubamba . Asebenza kalula:

• I-clamp (i-transformer yamanje) ibekwa nxazonke kwe-conductor lapho wonke amandla angena ekhaya lakho noma isekethe ethile edlula khona.
• Imojuli ye-EM ifunda ugesi odlula kuleyo clamp bese ibala amandla namandla.
• Idatha ithunyelwa nge-WiFi noma efana nohlelo lokusebenza noma iseva yakho yokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela ekhaya (isibonelo, i-Home Assistant).

Uma ufuna ukufunda kabanzi ngezinzwa nezixazululo zokulinganisa, ungafunda ngezinzwa ezihlakaniphile ezisetshenziswa ezenzakalelayo zasekhaya kanye nokuqapha.

Ngalokhu ungakwazi:

• Gada ukusetshenziswa kwendlu yonke ngesikhathi sangempela.
• Bona ukuthi amandla anda kanjani uma uvula i-oven, i-air conditioner, i-homelab, njll.
• Dala izaziso ezizenzakalelayo uma usondela emandleni akho avunyelwene ngawo.
• Yakha amaphaneli wamandla anemininingwane eminingi futhi awusizo kakhulu kunalawo akuhlelo lokusebenza lomhlinzeki wamandla.

Nakuba uhlelo lokusebenza olusemthethweni lwala madivayisi luvame ukwanele ukubuka idatha namagrafu, intuthuko yangempela yekhwalithi iza uma uwahlanganisa ne-Home Assistant noma enye ipulatifomu. Lapho ungahlanganisa:

• Ukusetshenziswa okuphelele (i-clamp eyinhloko).
• Ukusetshenziswa kwelabhu yasekhaya (i-clamp ezinikele noma ama-meter plugs).
• Ulwazi ngamanani, izikhathi kanye namanani aguqukayo.

Ngale ndlela, iseva yakho yokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela ekhaya ingakwazisa uma usuzodlula umkhawulo, uma i-homelab ibilokhu idla okungaphezu kokujwayelekile ngaphandle kwesizathu, noma uma kukhona ukwanda okungajwayelekile lapho kungekho muntu ekhaya.

Indlela yokubala ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele kwe-homelab efakwe eshalofini

Isimo esivame kakhulu lapho ukhulisa ilebhu yakho ukushintsha kusuka ezindlini ezimbalwa kuya endaweni enamaseva azinikele . Isibonelo, cabanga ngento efana nale:

• Amaseva amathathu e-Dell R320 e-Proxmox, ngalinye linomthombo wamandla ongu-550W.
• I-Synology RS1619xs+ eyodwa yama-backup, futhi anomthombo wamandla ongu-550W.
• Iswishi ye-Cisco eyodwa enogesi ongu-350W.

Umbuzo ojwayelekile uthi: ingabe ngihlanganisa amandla kagesi azo zonke izinsiza zikagesi bese kuphelela lapho? Ngisho ukuthi, 3 x 550 + 550 + 350 = 2.550 W? Impendulo iwukuthi lesi samba sibonisa kuphela amandla aphezulu kakhulu angalethwa izinsiza zikagesi , hhayi lokho okuzosetshenziswa yi-rack ngempela.

Empeleni, iseva ayivamile ukuba ngaphansi komthwalo oqhubekayo ongu-100%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsiza zikagesi zilinganiswa ngomkhawulo wokuphepha. Ukuze kunikezwe isilinganiso esingcono:

1. Bheka imininingwane yobuchwepheshe kanye nezinkundla ukuze ubone izibalo ezijwayelekile zokusetshenziswa kwangempela kwemodeli ngayinye (ukulinda, umthwalo ophakathi, kanye nomthwalo ophezulu).
2. Phindaphinda lawo manani ngenani lamayunithi ohlobo ngalunye.
3. Engeza umkhawulo wokuphepha (isibonelo, u-30%) weziqongo kanye nokukhula kwesikhathi esizayo.

Uma, isibonelo, i-Dell R320 ngayinye idonsa cishe ama-80-120W ngesikhathi sokusebenza kanye nama-200-250W ngaphansi komthwalo ofanele, ungalinganisela ukuthi lokhu okuthathu ndawonye kuzodonsa cishe ama-600-700W ngaphansi kokusetshenziswa okuvamile. I-Synology ingase idonse ama-60-120W kuye ngenani lamadiski nomsebenzi, kanye neswishi ye-Cisco mhlawumbe ama-30-60W uma ingalayishwanga ngokugcwele. Sekukonke, ungase ubheke cishe ama- 700-1.000W okusetshenziswa kwamandla kwangempela , kude kakhulu nesamba esingu-2.550W sezinto zamandla ngazinye.

Ukuze ulungise ikhaya lakho, kufanele ucabangele izinto ezintathu:

• Amandla anqunyelwe (kW) nenkampani kagesi: kuphawula ukuthi umkhawulo wemitha uzokhubeka nini.
• Umthamo wesekethe yephansi (iziphuli zesekethe, izingxenye zekhebula, njll.).
• Ukusetshenziswa ngasikhathi sinye kwezinye izinto ezinkulu zikagesi (ama-oven, ama-ceramic hobs/ama-induction hobs, i-air conditioner, ama-heater amanzi kagesi…).

Okungcono kakhulu, kufanele ulinganise i-rack uma isifakiwe ngemitha ethembekile futhi uhlaziye ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwekhaya lakho usebenzisa uhlelo oluphelele. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi udinga ukwandisa amandla akho anqunyiwe noma ukuthi ukulawula izikhathi zokusebenzisa nokugwema izikhathi zokufunwa okuphezulu (isibonelo, ukuhlela izipele zasebusuku lapho ungasebenzisi isitofu noma i-air conditioner kakhulu) kwanele.

Ukukhetha ihadiwe esebenza kahle yelabhu yasekhaya engu-24/7

Uma usuwazi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwesethingi yakho yamanje, sekuyisikhathi sokucabanga ukuthi iyiphi ihadiwe enengqondo kakhulu. Asikho isisombululo esisodwa, kodwa kunezindlela eziningana ezivame ukuveza imiphumela emihle kakhulu.

Indawo yokuqala: Ufuna ukuthi i-homelab yakho yenzeni?

Ukusetha iseva elula ye:

• Amafayela nama-backup.
• Ukuzenzakalela kwekhaya (Umsizi Wekhaya, i-Node-RED, njll.).
• Izinsizakalo ezimbalwa zewebhu, izitsha ezilula, izizindalwazi ezincane.

...ukuthi indawo eyenzelwe:

• Ividiyo yesikhathi sangempela yokudlulisela ikhodi kumakhasimende amaningi.
• Ukwenziwa kwe-virtualization okuxineneyo okunama-VM amaningi adinga amandla.
• Amalabhorethri okuthuthukisa noma ukuhlolwa okunzima.

Eqenjini lokuqala lokusetshenziswa, ipulatifomu encane, enamandla aphansi ye-x86 ene-RAM eyanele kanye nesitoreji esanele cishe izokwanela. Awudingi isilo esingu-2U esinamaprosesa amabili e-Xeon ukuze uphathe i-DNS, ama-backups, ukuvumelanisa, kanye neziqukathi ezine.

Isibonelo seplatifomu ephumelelayo: i-ZimaBoard 2 kanye nenye efanayo

Isibonelo esichazayo uhlobo lwedivayisi i-ZimaBoard 2 eyimele : ibhodi lomama le-x86 elineprosesa ye-Intel N150, ukupholisa okungenamsebenzi, amachweba amabili e-2.5GbE, amachweba amabili e-SATA 3.0, kanye nesikhala se-PCIe 3.0 sokwandisa. Lolu hlobo lomshini lufanelana kahle kakhulu nalokhu:

• Iseva yasekhaya engu-24/7 yezinsizakalo zokukhanya.
• I-NAS elula enama-SATA bay amaningi.
• Isikhungo sokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela ekhaya.

Ubuhle bakho ukuthi banikeza amandla anele, izici zesimanje , ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, ukuthula okuphelele (akukho balandeli), kanye nendawo yokwandisa ngamakhadi e-PCIe noma ama-hard drive engeziwe. Bayindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokuqhubeka nokusebenzisa ama-PC amaningana amadala.

Uhlu lokuhlola ihadiwe lwelebhu yasekhaya esebenza kahle

Uma ukhetha ipulatifomu, ungasebenzisa lolu hlu njengesiqondiso:

• I-CPU enamandla aphansi eyenzelwe ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayoImindeni enomsebenzi omuhle nge-watt ngayinye kanye nokusekelwa kwezimo zokonga amandla.
• Ukupholisa okuthule: kungcono ukungasebenzi noma ngamafeni amakhulu namaphrofayili athule, ikakhulukazi uma i-homelab isegumbini lokulala, egumbini lokuphumula noma ehhovisi.
• I-RAM ElinganisiweKwanele ngezinsizakalo zakho kanye nesilinganiso esifanele sokukhula, kodwa ngaphandle kokusigcwalisa "ngoba nje" uma ungeke usisebenzise.
• Ukusekelwa okuhle kwesitoreji sendawo: ama-port e-SATA anele ama-drive akho, kanye nenketho ye-NVMe yesistimu neziqukathi.
• Inethiwekhi yesimanjeI-2.5GbE iyindawo ethokozisayo kakhulu yokusekelayo nokufinyelela kumakhasimende amaningi.

Ukukhetha isitoreji: i-SSD, i-HDD, noma ingxube yakho kokubili

Isitoreji siphinde sithonye ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nesivinini esibonakalayo sohlelo. Ku-homelab ejwayelekile:

• I-Los I-SSD Zisebenza kahle ezinhlelweni zokusebenza, ezitsheni, kuma-VM, ezizindeni zedatha ezilula, nanoma yini ezuza ngokubambezeleka okuphansi.
• I-Los HDD Azinakwa ngezindleko ze-TB ngayinye yama-backups, ama-multimedia, izithombe kanye nedatha "engacacile".

Ama-SSD ngokuvamile asebenzisa amandla amancane uma engasebenzi futhi asabela ngokushesha , kodwa ama-HDD anganikeza amandla aphezulu ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele okwamukelekayo uma ephathwa kahle (ukujikeleza, ukuhlela imisebenzi, njll.). Empeleni, inhlanganisela exubile ivame kakhulu.

• I-SSD yesistimu, ama-cache, kanye nezinsizakalo ezibalulekile.
• I-HDD yokugcina izinto eziningi, izithombe kanye nama-backup.

Ukufuduka kusuka ezinhlelweni ezindala ngaphandle kokufa emzamweni

Uma unquma ukuyeka izinhlelo ezindala, kuvela enye inselele: zonke lezo zincwadi owazisetha eminyakeni edlule, izinsizakalo ezingasekhohliwe, imisebenzi ehleliwe okungekho muntu oyibhalile… Uhlelo lokuhlanganisa olucatshangelwe kahle lukusindisa ezimangazweni ezingathandeki futhi, ngeshwa, lunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza zakho.

Ungalandela uchungechunge olusebenza kahle:

1. Thatha i-inventory kwakho konke okusebenzayo emishinini yakho yamanje: amasheya, ama-port avulekile, ama-container, ama-VM, imisebenzi ye-cron, ama-disk afakiwe, njll.
2. Hlukanisa izinsizakalo zibe okubalulekile, okuwusizo futhi okungasebenziseka kalulaNoma yini engasazwakali, yisuse esikhundleni sokuyidonsela epulatifomu entsha.
3. Thutha izinsizakalo ezilula kuqala (i-DNS, amaphaneli okulawula, ukuvumelanisa, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezincane zewebhu…).
4. Ngesinyathelo ngasinye, yiba ne- indlela yokubuyela emuva: isipele, isithombe noma isithombe esikuvumela ukuthi ubuyele emuva.
5. Izinsuku ezimbalwa, gcina izinhlelo ezindala nezintsha zisebenza ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi ubheke izingodo kanye nokuziphatha kwangempela.
6. Uma usuqinisekile, cisha umshini wakudala bese uwushiya ungasasebenzi ngaphandle kokuthi kuvele inkinga enkulu.

I-Virtualization nayo ingumsizi wakho: ungapakisha izindawo ezindala ku-VM bese uyiqhuba ku-host yesimanje, esebenza kahle ngenkathi ezinye izinsizakalo zakho zithuthelwa ezitsheni noma kuma-VM esimanje. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuguquka kancane kancane, kunokuba kube ushintsho olukhulu oluzumayo. Ukuze uthuthukise le nqubo, hlola iziqondiso ku- server virtualization.

Ezinye izinto ezithinta ukusetshenziswa kwelabhorethri yasekhaya

Ngaphandle kwe-CPU namadiski, kunezinto eziningana okufanele uzikhumbule uma ufuna ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokuthuthukisa ukuzinza.

Ukusebenza kahle kokunikezwa kwamandla

Ukunikezwa kwamandla asezingeni eliphansi kungachitha inani elikhulu lamandla njengokushisa, ikakhulukazi uma kunemithwalo ephansi , okuyilapho kusebenza khona amalebhu amaningi asekhaya. Ukukhetha i-PSU esebenza kahle (ngokufanele ibe nesitifiketi esihle se-80 Plus) kanye ne-wattage elungiselelwe ukusetshenziswa kwakho kwangempela kukusiza:

• Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa okuphelele.
• Yehlisa izinga lokushisa langaphakathi lemishini.
• Thuthukisa ukuthembeka kwesikhathi eside.

Ingabe kufanele ngiyicime i-homelab uma ingasetshenziswa?

Kuncike ezidingweni zakho. Uma i-homelab yakho isetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela (ezivivinyweni zesikhashana, amaphrojekthi empelasonto, njll.), ukuhlela ukuvalwa okuzenzakalelayo kanye nezinkampani ezintsha kungakongela amandla amaningi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma iseva inesibopho sokwenza izipele zasebusuku, ukufinyelela okukude, ukuzenzakalela kwasekhaya, amakhamera, njll., kungcono kakhulu ukudlala ngezimo zokulala, ukukala imvamisa, kanye nezinsizakalo ezisebenza uma kudingeka kunokuvala ngokuphelele.

Izilungiselelo ze-BIOS kanye ne-firmware zokonga amandla

Amabhodi amaningi e-motherboard avumela ukulungiswa okukhulu kwe-CPU kanye nokuziphatha kwe-peripheral:

• Izinketho zokonga amandla ze-C kanye ne-processor.
• Imikhawulo yamandla ephakheji ye-CPU (PL1/PL2).
• I-ASPM kanye nezinketho zokonga emabhasini e-PCIe.
• Ama-fan curve akhululekile kakhulu.

Umqondo uwukuqala ngokunika amandla izilungiselelo ezilondolozayo, ukukala ukuzinza, amazinga okushisa, kanye nokusebenza ngaphansi kwemithwalo yakho evamile ye-homelab, bese ulungisa kahle. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukulungisa izilungiselelo ze-BIOS ezimbili noma ezintathu kwanele ukwehlisa amandla okungasebenzi ngama-watts amaningana ngaphandle kokuqaphela umehluko ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela.

Imemori ye-RAM ne-ECC

Imojuli ngayinye yememori inezela inani elincane lokusetshenziswa kwamandla engeziwe. Akuyona into ephawuleka kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-CPU noma ama-hard drive, kodwa ukwengeza izinti ezengeziwe "uma kwenzeka" kusanomthelela. Isincomo esisebenzayo ukufaka i-RAM oyidingayo ngempela kanye ne-margin efanelekile, ngaphandle kokugcwalisa zonke izikhala ngaphandle kokuthi unohlelo olucacile lokuzisebenzisa.

Kuma-homelabs ahlala evuliwe, ikakhulukazi lawo asebenza njengamaseva okugcina noma okusebenzisa i-virtualization, kunengqondo ukucabangela inkumbulo ye-ECC. Ayinciphisi ngqo ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kodwa ithuthukisa ukuthembeka ngokuthola nokulungisa amaphutha athile enkumbulo ethule angabangela izinkinga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izinyathelo zokuqala eziya elabhorethri esebenza kahle kakhulu

Ukufinyelela i-homelab eyonga amandla kakhulu akudingi ukulungiswa okuphelele. Indlela enhle yokuqala ukukala ukusetshenziswa kwamandla komshini owodwa kuleli sonto : xhuma imitha endaweni yayo yokuphuma kukagesi, uqaphele ukusetshenziswa kwayo komthwalo ongasebenzi nokuvamile, buyekeza ukuthi yiziphi izinsizakalo ezisebenzisayo, bese uzibuza ukuthi lowo mshini usafanele yini indawo yawo erekhini noma ngaphansi kwedeski.

Ukusuka lapho, ungaphinda inqubo ngemishini yakho yonke, uqhathanise imiphumela, bese uhlela ukuthuthukiswa kancane kancane kube yihadiwe yesimanje nesebenza kahle. Emakhaya amaningi, iseva eyodwa, enobukhulu obuhle ingangena esikhundleni semibhoshongo eminingana emidala ngokunenzuzo, ngomsindo omncane, ukushisa okuncane, kanye nokusetshenziswa kukagesi okuphansi kakhulu.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwamamitha ngamanye, amamitha omhlaba wonke, ukuhlanganiswa koMsizi Wekhaya, kanye nokukhetha okunengqondo kwehadiwe kukuvumela ukuthi usuke elabhorethri yasekhaya "esebenza ngezandla" uye engqalasizinda yasekhaya oyaziyo ngokuningiliziwe futhi oyilawulayo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Umphumela uba ilebhu ehlanzekile, ethule, futhi ehlala isikhathi eside, kanye nezindleko ezingebuhlungu kakhulu, ngaphandle kokuyeka ukushintsha amaphrojekthi akho obuchwepheshe.