- Izingxenye ezibalulekile zangaphakathi ze-PC yi-CPU, i-motherboard, i-RAM, isitoreji, ukunikezwa kwamandla, ikesi kanye, kuye ngokusetshenziswa, ne-GPU ezinikele.
- Ukukhetha kanye nokuhambisana kwengxenye ngayinye kunquma ukusebenza okuphelele, ukuzinza, kanye namathuba okwanda kwesikhathi esizayo.
- Ama-peripheral, amakhadi okunweba kanye nesofthiwe elungiselelwe kahle kugcwalisa uhlelo lwekhompyutha futhi kuchaze ulwazi lomsebenzisi lwangempela.
Uma ucabanga ngokwakha ikhompyutha yakho noma ufuna nje ukuqonda ukuthi yini engaphakathi kwi-PC yakho, udinga ukucaca ngezingxenye eziyisisekelo ze-PC kanye nendima ngayinye edlalayo. Sivame ukukhuluma nge-CPU, i-RAM, noma i-GPU sengathi wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ziyini, kodwa kumuntu oqalayo, kungazwakala njengolimi lwangaphandle.
Kuyo yonke le ncwadi, uzothola incazelo ecacile nenemininingwane eyenzelwe abantu abangenalo ulwazi lobuchwepheshe , kodwa ngaphandle kokudela ukunemba. Uzobona ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye ezibalulekile, yiziphi ongazikhethela zona, ukuthi yini okufanele uyibheke ngaphambi kokuthenga, nokuthi zingena kanjani ekwakhiweni kwekhompyutha. Umgomo ukuthi ekugcineni, uzokwazi ukukhetha izingxenye ngokuhlakanipha futhi uqonde ngempela lokho okwakhayo.
1. Yini ebhekwa njengengxenye ye-PC futhi ihlelwe kanjani ikhompyutha?
Uma sikhuluma ngezingxenye ze-PC, sivame ukubhekisela ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi ezingena ngaphakathi kwekhase noma umbhoshongo : iprosesa, i-motherboard, i-RAM, isitoreji, ukunikezwa kwamandla, njll. Ikhibhodi, igundane, kanye ne-monitor kubalulekile ekusebenziseni ikhompyutha, kodwa kubhekwa njengezinto ezisetshenziswayo ngoba zixhuma ngaphandle.
Lo mehluko ubalulekile ngoba, ngokuvamile, i-PC ayikwazi ukusebenza kahle ngaphandle kwezingxenye zayo zangaphakathi eziyisisekelo , kuyilapho ingasebenza ngaphandle kwezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo (isibonelo, ungaphatha iseva ngaphandle kwemonitha usebenzisa ukufinyelela okukude, yize ukuze uyimise okokuqala uzodinga isikrini nekhibhodi).
Amakhompyutha amaningi asekhaya alandela lokho okwaziwa ngokuthi yi- Von Neumann architecture : kukhona iprosesa ephakathi (i-CPU), imemori eyinhloko esheshayo (i-RAM), kanye nesethi yamadivayisi okufaka/okukhipha (isitoreji, ikhadi lehluzo, inethiwekhi, njll.) axhumana ngokwesimiso esichazwe kahle. Konke lokhu kuxhumana kwenzeka ngebhodi lomama.
Khumbula ukuthi izinto eziningi ezazingamakhadi ahlukene (njengekhadi lomsindo noma ikhadi lenethiwekhi ) manje sezihlanganiswe kubhodi lomama uqobo, ngakho ngeke uzibone njengezingcezu ezihlukene, kodwa ziseyizingxenye zehadiwe.
2. Izingxenye ezibalulekile eziyinhloko noma zangaphakathi
Izingxenye zangaphakathi yilezo, uma zingekho, ezizovimbela i-PC ukuthi iqalise noma zenze ingasebenzi . Ezinye zibaluleke kakhulu; ezinye zingabhekwa njengezingakhethwa kuye ngokuthi zisetshenziswe kanjani (isibonelo, i-GPU ezinikele).
2.1 Iprosesa noma i-CPU: "ubuchopho" bekhompyutha
Iprosesa, i-CPU, noma "i-microchip" yingxenye enesibopho sokufunda nokusebenzisa imiyalelo yazo zonke izinhlelo . Uhlelo ngalunye lumane nje luwuhlu olude lwemiyalelo ngefomethi ye-binary (o-zero kanye no-ones) i-CPU eyichaza futhi iyicubungule ngokulandelana, yenza imisebenzi yezibalo, enengqondo, kanye neyokulawula.
Namuhla, cishe ayikho iprosesa eyiyunithi eyodwa yokubala; ihlukaniswe ngama -core amaningi . I-core ngayinye isebenza njengeprosesa encane, ezimele ekwazi ukwenza uchungechunge lwayo lwemiyalelo. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-PC yakho ingaba nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningana ezivuliwe ngesikhathi esisodwa ngaphandle kokuqandisa, ikakhulukazi uma ihlanganiswe ne-RAM eyanele.
Ezizukulwaneni zanamuhla, umqondo wokuhlanganisa ama-core asebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nama-core asebenza kahle kakhulu (ama-P-cores nama-E-cores) ususakazeke kabanzi. Eyokuqala iphatha imisebenzi enzima (imidlalo yevidiyo, ukuhlela ividiyo, ukuveza, njll.), kuyilapho eyesibili iphatha izinqubo zangemuva kanye nesistimu yokusebenza ukuze yonge amandla futhi inciphise izinga lokushisa.
Ukuze isebenze ngokushesha, i-CPU isebenzisa i-cache yangaphakathi esheshayo kakhulu lapho igcina khona idatha ezodinga maduze. Ngaphandle kwale cache, kuzodingeka ifinyelele njalo i-RAM noma ngisho nesitoreji, okuzonciphisa ukusebenza kube amazinga aphansi kakhulu, ngisho noma kuneprosesa enamandla kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaprosesa amaningi esimanje ahlanganisa amayunithi azinikele emisebenzini yobuhlakani bokwenziwa (ama-NPU noma ama-AI accelerator) , aklanyelwe ukusheshisa ukufunda komshini kanye nama-algorithms okucubungula ulimi lwemvelo. Lokhu kukhipha umsebenzi kusuka kuma-cores ayinhloko, kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, futhi kuvumela uhlelo ukuthi lubikezele amaphethini okusetshenziswa futhi luthuthukise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokusebenza.
2.2 Ibhodi Lomama: "uhlaka" lapho konke kuxhumana khona
Ibhodi lomama liyibhodi lesifunda elikhulu eliphrintiwe lapho zonke izingxenye zixhunywe khona : i-CPU, i-RAM, isitoreji, ikhadi lehluzo, amakhadi okunweba, kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla uqobo. Ngaphandle kwalo, akukho khompyutha.
Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuvumela ukuxhumana phakathi kwazo zonke izingxenye nokusabalalisa amandla avela emthonjeni. Iphinde ifake i-chipset, ephatha indlela iprosesa, imemori, namanye amadivayisi axhumana ngayo, kanye ne-firmware (i-BIOS noma i-UEFI) enesibopho sokuqala uhlelo nokulungiselela ihadiwe uma ivuliwe.
Amabhodi omama ayahluka ngesimo sawo somzimba (i-ATX, i-Micro-ATX, i-Mini-ITX, njll.), i-chip ayihlanganisayo, futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, i -CPU socket . Le socket kumele ifane naleyo esetshenziswa yiprosesa yakho. Isibonelo, i-AMD isebenzisa amasokhethi afana ne-AM4 noma i-AM5, kuyilapho i-Intel ishintsha amasokhethi kaningi (i-LGA1200, i-LGA1700, njll.).
Uma ukhetha ibhodi lomama, hlola ukuthi linama-slots e-RAM amangaki, linikeza ama-port e-M.2 kanye ne-SATA amangaki, lifaka ama-port e-USB kanye ne-PCIe, nokuthi lifaka yini amakhadi enethiwekhi namakhadi omsindo ahlanganisiwe , kanye nezinye izinto ezengeziwe ezingaba khona njengokukhanya kwe-Wi-Fi noma kwe-RGB okuhlanganisiwe.
I-RAM engu-2.3 Imemori: Ukusebenza kwesikhathi sangempela
I-RAM (Random Access Memory) inesibopho sokugcina idatha nezinhlelo okwesikhashana ezisetshenziswa yi-CPU njengamanje . Iyimemori eguquguqukayo: konke ekuqukethe kuyalahleka uma ucima ikhompyutha.
I-RAM ivumela ukufinyelela okulandelanayo kanye nokungahleliwe, okubalulekile ngoba izinhlelo azihlali zisebenza ngokulandelana: zigxuma ziye phambili nangemuva kukhodi yazo ngokusekelwe ezimweni nasezindaweni ezijikelezayo. Yingakho kudingeka imemori esheshayo, ekwazi ukuletha idatha ku-CPU cishe ngokushesha.
Ku-PC yedeskithophu, i-RAM ivame ukuza ngesimo samamojula e-DIMM afakwe ezindaweni ezithile kubhodi lomama . Nokho, kuma-laptop amaningi, ifakwa ku-solder, okunciphisa izinketho zokuthuthukisa.
Inani kanye nesivinini se-RAM kunomthelela oqondile ekusebenzeni kwesistimu: uma inkumbulo inganele, ikhompyutha iphoqeleka ukusebenzisa i-hard drive ukwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni, okunciphisa ijubane layo yonke into. Emisebenzini yehhovisi kanye nokuphequlula, i-8 GB yinani eliphansi elifanele; ekudlaleni imidlalo kanye nokusetshenziswa okuvamile okudinga umzamo, i-16 GB iyanconywa ; futhi ekuhlelweni kwevidiyo, ukumodela kwe-3D, noma imisebenzi yobungcweti, i-32 GB noma ngaphezulu ivame ukukhethwa.
Ngokuphathelene nezinhlobo, i-DDR4 ne-DDR5 okwamanje ubuchwepheshe obuvelele, obunemvamisa ehlukahlukene kanye nokubambezeleka. Uma isabelomali sivuma, kungumqondo omuhle ukukhetha amamojula aphezulu kanye nemvamisa ephezulu , ikakhulukazi kumapulatifomu e-AMD, lapho ijubane le-RAM lithinta kakhulu ukusebenza.
2.4 Isitoreji: i-HDD, i-SSD kanye ne-NVMe
Njengoba i-RAM ilahlekelwa okuqukethwe kwayo lapho ikhompyutha icishiwe, kudingeka uhlelo ukuze kulondolozwe ulwazi unomphela : uhlelo lokusebenza, izinhlelo, imidlalo, amadokhumenti, izithombe, amaphrojekthi, njll. Yilapho isitoreji singena khona.
Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko yi-mechanical hard disk drive (HDD) kanye ne-solid-state drive (SSD). I-HDD isebenzisa ama-rotary magnetic platets kanye nama-read/write heads ukuze ifunde futhi ibhale idatha; ishibhile nge-gigabyte ngayinye futhi inikeza amandla amakhulu, kodwa ihamba kancane kakhulu futhi isengozini enkulu yokushaqeka.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-SSD igcina idatha ku- flash memory , ngaphandle kwezingxenye ezihambayo. Lokhu kuphumela ezikhathini zokufinyelela ezisheshayo kakhulu, isivinini sokufunda nokubhala esisheshayo kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, kanye nesistimu ezwakala "ishesha" lapho uqala iWindows noma uvula izinhlelo.
Ama-SSD afika ngezindlela ezimbili: i-SATA (enejubane elinqunyelwe yi-interface yendabuko) kanye nama-NVMe SSD ku-M.2 form factor, axhuma ngqo ebhasini le-PCIe lebhodi le-motherboard futhi anikeza ijubane lama-GB/s amaningana . Kwikhompyutha yesimanje, ukusetha okuhle ukusebenzisa i -SSD (okungcono i-NVMe) yesistimu yokusebenza kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza, kanye ne-HDD enkulu noma i-SSD yesibili yokugcina amafayela amakhulu.
2.5 Ikhadi lehluzo (i-GPU): isithombe nokunye okuningi
Ikhadi lehluzo linesibopho sokukhiqiza isithombe osibona kusikrini . Iprosesa yalo yangaphakathi, i-GPU, ilungiselelwe ukubala okufanayo, okwenza ifanelekele ihluzo, kodwa futhi nemisebenzi ethile yobungcweti.
Singathola ihluzo ezihlanganisiwe (ama-iGPU), ezifakiwe ngaphakathi kweprosesa uqobo kanye ne-RAM yesistimu yokwabelana, kanye namakhadi ehluzo azinikele , eza njengamakhadi ahlukene anememori yawo (i-VRAM). Amakhadi ehluzo azinikele anikeza ukusebenza okuphezulu kakhulu kwehluzo, okubalulekile emidlalweni, ukuhlela ividiyo, ukwakheka kwe-3D, noma ubuqiniso obungokoqobo.
Ngaphandle kohlobo oluthile lwe-GPU, ehlanganisiwe noma ezinikele, ubungeke uthole isignali yevidiyo, ngakho-ke iyisici esiyimpoqo kunoma iyiphi i-PC esebenzisekayo . Amakhadi amaningi ehluzo anamuhla afaka amachweba amaningana (i-HDMI, i-DisplayPort, njll.) akuvumela ukuthi uxhume ama-monitor amabili, amathathu, noma ngaphezulu, into okufanele uyicabangele uma ufuna ideskithophu enezikrini eziningi noma ukusethwa kwemidlalo okugxile kuyo.
Uma ukhetha i-GPU , bheka inani le-VRAM (i-6-8 GB ivame ukwanele ukudlala imidlalo engu-1080p; kunconywa inkumbulo eyengeziwe ku-1440p kanye ne-4K), ukwakheka (i-NVIDIA RTX, i-AMD Radeon RX), ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kanye nosayizi obonakalayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ifanelana nekesi lakho nokuthi ugesi wakho unamandla anele nezixhumi.
2.6 Iyunithi Yokunikezela Ngogesi (i-PSU): Amandla esistimu
Ugesi yiwona ophethe ukuguqula ugesi oshintshashintshayo kusuka kugridi kagesi ube yi-voltage yamandla aqondile adingwa ezinye izingxenye. Ngaphandle kwawo, ikhompyutha ngeke isebenze.
Kumakhompyutha edeskithophu, iyunithi yokunikezela ngogesi (i-PSU) ifakwa ngaphakathi kwekhava futhi ixhumeka kubhodi lomama ngesixhumi esikhulu se-ATX (amaphini angu-24) kanye nesixhumi esisodwa noma ngaphezulu se-EPS ukuze kunikwe amandla i-CPU ngqo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izintambo zekhadi lehluzo (izixhumi ze-PCIe) kanye namadrayivu okugcina kanye namanye amadivayisi (i-SATA noma i-Molex) zisebenza kusuka kusixhumi sikagesi.
Amandla adingekayo ancike ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla okuphelele kwesistimu: i-PC yehhovisi enezithombe ezihlanganisiwe ayifani ne-PC yokudlala ene -CPU enamandla aphezulu kanye ne-GPU . Kumasethingi amaningi asekhaya, ukunikezwa kwamandla kwekhwalithi enhle phakathi kuka-500 no-750 W kwanele; kuma-workstation noma kuma-PC anamakhadi amaningi ezithombe, ukunikezwa kwamandla okungu-1000 W noma ngaphezulu kuyafaneleka.
Kunconywa kakhulu ukukhetha izinsiza zikagesi ezinezitifiketi zokusebenza kahle (80 PLUS Bronze, Silver, Gold, njll.), uhlobo oludumile, kanye nokuvikelwa okwakhelwe ngaphakathi. I-PSU esezingeni eliphansi ingabangela ukuphahlazeka, ukuvalwa okungalindelekile, noma, esimweni esibi kakhulu, yonakalise ezinye izingxenye uma yehluleka ngendlela eyinhlekelele.
2.7 Ibhokisi noma umbhoshongo: isakhiwo kanye nokuhamba komoya
Icala liyisakhiwo lapho zonke izingxenye zifakwe khona: i-motherboard, ugesi, ama-hard drive, ikhadi lehluzo, izinhlelo zokupholisa, njll. Ngaphezu kokuhlela ingaphakathi, ukwakheka kwalo kunquma ukuhamba komoya kanye nokulula kokuhlanganiswa nokugcinwa.
Kunezici ezahlukene zesimo: amakesi agcwele imibhoshongo yamabhodi e-ATX, amakesi aphakathi nemibhoshongo (Micro-ATX), kanye ne-chassis encane (Mini-ITX). Uma ikesi lilikhulu, kulapho kuzodingeka ungeze khona amadrayivu okugcina, izinhlelo zokupholisa ezithuthukisiwe, namakhadi okunweba, futhi ukuhlanganiswa kuvame ukuba lula.
Amakesi amaningi e-PC anamuhla afaka amaphaneli aseceleni engilazi aqinisiwe, izinhlelo zokuphatha ikhebula, kanye, kwamanye amamodeli, ukukhanyisa kwe-RGB okuhlanganisiwe . Ukukhanya kumane nje kuyinhle: kwengeza ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuncane futhi akuthinti ukusebenza, kodwa kuyakhuphula intengo uma kuqhathaniswa namamodeli angenazo izibani.
2.8 Izinhlelo zokupholisa: umoya noketshezi
Ukushisa kungenye yezitha ezinkulu zokusebenza nokuqina. Yingakho, ngaphezu kwe-CPU cooler, ama-PC anamafeni , futhi ngezinye izikhathi, nezinhlelo zokupholisa uketshezi ukuze kulawulwe amazinga okushisa.
Ngokuphathelene nama-processor cooler, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: ama-air cooler , aqukethe i-block yensimbi (ngokuvamile ene-heatpipes) kanye ne-fan eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, kanye ne -AIO liquid cooling systems , ezisebenzisa iphampu, i-water block ku-CPU kanye ne-radiator enama-fan.
Ukupholisa uketshezi ngokwezifiso kuqhubeka nalokhu, kukuvumela ukuthi upholise i-CPU yakho, i-GPU, kanye nezinye izingxenye usebenzisa isekethe yoketshezi evaliwe kanye namabhulokhi axhunywe ngamapayipi. Kuyisisombululo esisebenza kahle kakhulu, kodwa futhi sibiza kakhulu futhi siyinkimbinkimbi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho okubeka phezu kwe-CPU, udinga amafeni ekhava abekwe kahle ukuze kudalwe ukuhamba komoya okuhambisanayo: amanye adonsa umoya opholile ovela ngaphandle, kanti amanye akhipha umoya oshisayo. Ukubekwa kabi kungaholela ezindaweni ezishisayo kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu kunalawo adingekayo.
3. Izinto ezibalulekile eziphathelene nomngcele: okuphuma ngaphandle kombhoshongo
Nakuba kungabhekwa njengezingxenye zangaphakathi ngokuqinile, ezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo zenza kube nzima ukusebenzisana kahle nekhompyutha . Kumsebenzisi ojwayelekile, i-monitor, ikhibhodi, kanye negundane kubaluleke njenge-CPU.
I-3.1 Monitor
Isikrini yisikrini lapho konke okwenziwa yi-PC kuboniswa khona. Izici zaso ezibalulekile usayizi, isixazululo, uhlobo lwephaneli, kanye nesilinganiso sokuvuselela . Osayizi abavame kakhulu namuhla baphakathi kwama-intshi angu-24 no-32.
Ngokusetshenziswa okuvamile kanye nemisebenzi yasehhovisi, isinqumo se-Full HD (1080p) singanele; ukuze usebenze ngesikhala sesikrini esengeziwe, umklamo, noma imidlalo ethuthukisiwe, kunengqondo kakhulu ukuthuthukela ku-1440p noma ngisho ne-4K. Isikrini esinezinga eliphezulu lokuvuselela (120, 144, 240 Hz…) sibonakala kakhulu emidlalweni yevidiyo , ngoba sinikeza umuzwa obushelelezi kakhulu.
3.2 Ikhibhodi negundane
Ikhibhodi negundane yizona zinto eziyinhloko zokufaka . Ngaphandle kwazo, ngaphandle kokuthi usebenzise izixhumi zokuthinta noma imiyalo yezwi, ukulawula ikhompyutha kuzoba nzima kakhulu.
Kukhona amakhibhodi e-membrane, amakhibhodi omshini, amakhibhodi aphansi, amakhibhodi e-ergonomic, amakhibhodi anokukhanya kwe-RGB, nokuningi. Kumagundane, uzothola konke kusukela kumamodeli ehhovisi alula kuya kumagundane okudlala ane -DPI ephezulu, izinkinobho ezihlelekayo, kanye nezinzwa ezinembile kakhulu . Ukukhetha kuncike ezidingweni zakho kanye nenduduzo yakho. Uma unemibuzo, umhlahlandlela wokuxazulula izinkinga zezingxenye ezisetshenziswayo ungakusiza ukuthi uzikhethe futhi uzilungiselele.
3.3 Izipikha, ama-headphone kanye nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo
Ukuze uthole umsindo, ungasebenzisa izipikha zangaphandle, ama-soundbar, noma ama-headphone. Abasebenzisi abaningi bakhetha ama-headset anama-microphone ahlanganisiwe , ikakhulukazi uma bedlala imidlalo eku-inthanethi noma benza izingcingo zevidiyo njalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-peripherals ongazikhetha: ama-webcam, amaphrinta, ama-scanner, izifundi zamakhadi, abalawuli bemidlalo, njll. Azidingeki ngempela ukuze i-PC isebenze, kodwa zingaba zibalulekile kuye ngokuthi uhlose ukuyisebenzisa kanjani.
4. Izingxenye ezengeziwe namakhadi okunweba
Uma usuhlanganise izinto eziyisisekelo, ipulatifomu ye-PC ikuvumela ukuthi wandise futhi wenze ngezifiso uhlelo lwakho ngamakhadi okunweba nezinye izesekeli. Eziningi zalezi zici sezivele zihlanganiswe kumabhodi e-motherboard anamuhla, kodwa izinguqulo ezinikezelwe zisakhona kubasebenzisi abafuna kakhulu.
4.1 Ikhadi lomsindo
Ikhadi lomsindo noma i-chip inesibopho sokukhiqiza nokucubungula umsindo owuzwa ngezipikha noma ama-headphone, kanye nokuthwebula umsindo kusuka kumakrofoni noma eminye imithombo. Namuhla, cishe wonke amabhodi omama aqukethe umsindo ohlanganisiwe, okwanele kakhulu kubasebenzisi abaningi.
Kodwa-ke, uma usebenza ngomsindo wobungcweti, ufuna ukudala uhlelo lomsindo oluzungezile olusezingeni eliphezulu , noma udinga ukuxhumana okuqondile kwezinsimbi zomculo nomsebenzi wesitudiyo, kunengqondo ukusebenzisa amakhadi omsindo akhethekile, kungaba angaphakathi (i-PCIe) noma angaphandle (i-USB).
4.2 Ikhadi lenethiwekhi kanye nokuxhumeka
Ikhadi lenethiwekhi livumela i-PC ukuthi ixhumeke ku-inthanethi noma kunethiwekhi yendawo . Futhi, kumabhodi amaningi esimanje, i-Ethernet (RJ-45) port ifakiwe. Amanye amamodeli afaka ne-Wi-Fi ne-Bluetooth njengejwayelekile.
Uma ikhompyutha yakho ingenayo i-Wi-Fi futhi uyidinga, ungayingeza kalula usebenzisa ama-adapter e-USB noma amakhadi e-PCIe ngaphandle kokukhathazeka kakhulu ngokuhambisana. Lawa madivayisi ashibhile kakhulu futhi afakwa ngemizuzwana.
4.3 Amakhadi okuvula i-TV namakhadi okuthwebula ividiyo
Kulabo abafuna ukubukela ithelevishini yedijithali yasemhlabeni (i-DTT) kuma-PC abo ngaphandle kokuthembela ku-inthanethi, kunamakhadi okudlulisa axhuma kwi-antenna futhi akuvumela ukuthi ubuke futhi uqophe iziteshi zethelevishini ngqo kusuka kukhompyutha yakho. Amanye akuvumela ukuthi ubuke iziteshi eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa, umise ukusakaza, futhi uhlele ukuqoshwa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amakhadi okuthwebula ividiyo asetshenziselwa ukwamukela isignali evela komunye umthombo wevidiyo (enye ikhonsoli, enye i-PC, amakhamera, njll.) bese eqopha noma esakazwa ku-inthanethi, isibonelo ku-Twitch noma ku-YouTube. Ezweni lokusakaza, cishe ajwayelekile.
4.4 Ukwandiswa kwesitoreji kanye namachweba engeziwe
Izikhala ze-PCIe zingasetshenziswa futhi ukwengeza amakhadi akuvumela ukuthi ufake amadrayivu e-M.2 NVMe amaningi ngaphezu kwalawo asekelwa yi-motherboard, okuwusizo ezindaweni zokusebenza ezinezidingo eziningi zokugcina okusheshayo.
Ngokufanayo, kukhona amakhadi e-PCIe okwengeza amachweba e-USB-C kanye ne-USB-A kumakhompyutha amadala, ukuze ukwazi ukujabulela ukuxhumana kwesimanje ngaphandle kokushintsha yonke i-PC yakho.
5. Isofthiwe ebalulekile: ngaphandle kohlelo, ayikho ikhompyutha ewusizo
Zonke lezi hardware beziyoba yinto nje exubile yezingxenye ngaphandle kwesofthiwe efanele. Ukuze i-PC yakho isebenziseke, okungenani udinga uhlelo lokusebenza kanye nabashayeli abafanele bengxenye ngayinye.
5.1 Uhlelo Lokusebenza (OS)
Uhlelo lokusebenza luwuhlelo oluyinhloko oluphatha izinsiza zekhompyutha futhi lunikeza isikhombimsebenzisi osebenzisana naso. Phakathi kwezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yiWindows (10 kanye ne-11), ukusatshalaliswa kweLinux okuhlukahlukene, kanye, ezindaweni ezithile kakhulu, ukufakwa kohlobo lweHackintosh okuvumela i-macOS ukuthi isebenze kwihadiwe engeyona eye-Apple.
5.2 Abashayeli, ezokuphepha kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza
Ama-driver ayizinhlelo ezivumela uhlelo lokusebenza ukuthi luqonde futhi lusebenzise ihadiwe . Ngaphandle kwawo, ukusebenza kungaba kubi kakhulu noma amanye amadivayisi (ikakhulukazi i-GPU) angase angasebenzi nhlobo.
Ngaphezu kohlelo kanye nabashayeli, kubalulekile ukuba nohlobo oluthile lokuvikelwa ku-malware , kungaba nge-antivirus ehlanganiswe ohlelweni ngokwalo noma izixazululo zezinkampani zangaphandle, kanye nesofthiwe ozoyisebenzisa: iziphequluli, i-office suite, izidlali ze-multimedia, izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuhlela, imidlalo, njll.
6. Inethiwekhi ne-inthanethi: i-router, ikhebula kanye ne-Wi-Fi
Ukuze usebenzise izici eziningi zesimanje, i-PC yakho izodinga uxhumano lwe-inthanethi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i -router noma i-modem inikezwa ngumhlinzeki wesevisi yakho ye-inthanethi kanye nendlela yokuxhuma ikhompyutha yakho.
Uma ufuna ukuzinza kanye nesivinini esingcono kakhulu, ikhambi elifanele ukusebenzisa ikhebula le-Ethernet eliqondile phakathi kwe-PC yakho ne-router . I-Wi-Fi ilula kakhulu futhi igwema ukusebenzisa izintambo endlini, kodwa ivame ukungazinzile kakhulu futhi isengozini yokuphazamiseka, okubonakala emidlalweni eku-inthanethi noma ekulandeni okukhulu.
7. Okufanele ukucabangele ngaphambi kokuthenga izingxenye
Ukwakha i-PC kusukela ekuqaleni akukhona nje ukukhetha izingxenye ezinamandla kakhulu; kumayelana nokufeza uhlelo olulinganiselayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukucabangela ukuhambisana kwezingxenye, indlela ohlela ukuyisebenzisa ngayo, kanye nesabelomali sakho.
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuchaza umgomo oyinhloko: i-PC yomsebenzi wasehhovisi, ukuphequlula, kanye nokusetshenziswa okuyisisekelo ayidingi izinto ezifanayo ne-rig yokudlala ye-1440p, indawo yokusebenza yokuhlela ividiyo, noma iseva ye-virtualization. Kuye ngesimo, kuzodingeka ubeke phambili i-CPU, i-GPU, i-RAM, kanye nesitoreji ngendlela ehlukile.
Okwesibili, hlola njalo ukuthi isokhethi ye-CPU kanye nebhodi lomama kuyahambisana, ukuthi ibhodi lomama liyasekela uhlobo kanye nesivinini se-RAM ofuna ukuyifaka, nokuthi ibhokisi linesikhala esanele sekhadi lakho lehluzo olikhethile kanye ne-CPU cooler. Amathuluzi aku-inthanethi afana nama-PC configurators angakusiza ukuthi uhlole ukungalingani noma izithiyo ezibalulekile.
Okokugcina, unganciphisi ugesi noma ukupholisa: i-PSU esezingeni eliphansi noma uhlelo olungenawo umoya owanele lungonakalisa umshini, obhalwe ephepheni, owawunamandla kakhulu. Ukutshala imali ekuhlinzekweni kukagesi okuhle, okuqinisekisiwe kanye nokuhamba komoya okufanele kuvame ukukhokhela esikhathini esiphakathi neside.
Ukwazi ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye yenzani nokuthi ingena kanjani kuyo yonke kwenza kube lula kakhulu ukwenza izinqumo ezifanele lapho wakha noma uthuthukisa i-PC yakho, ugwema izindleko ezingadingekile, futhi ufeze uhlelo olulinganiselayo oluhlangabezana nezidingo zakho zamanje futhi oluvumela ukukhula kwesikhathi esizayo ngaphandle kokuqala phansi.
