- I-GDID ikhodi eqhubekayo enikezwe ukufakwa ngakunye kwe-Windows evumela ukulandelwa kwamadivayisi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-IP noma i-VPN.
- Ukuba khona kwayo kwabonakala emphakathini ngenxa yenqubo yezomthetho emelene neqembu le-Scattered Spider hacker kanye nokungenelela kwe-FBI.
- Ayikho inketho esemthethweni yokuyikhubaza ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ukusebenza kwesistimu kanye nokufinyelela eSitolo seMicrosoft.
Cishe uke wezwa ngamakhukhi noma amakheli e-IP uma kukhulunywa ngokulandelela i-inthanethi, kodwa kukhona okujulile kakhulu futhi okucashile okucashe emthunzini wama-PC ethu. Kuvele ukuthi iMicrosoft isebenzise uhlobo lwepuleti ledijithali elingasuki elibizwa nge-GDID esikhathini esithile esidlule, okuvumela inkampani ukuthi yazi kahle ukuthi yikuphi ukufakwa kwe-Windows okuxhuma kumaseva ayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuphi.
Into exakile kunazo zonke ukuthi le ndlela ayibonwa nhlobo ngabasebenzisi abaningi iminyaka eminingi. Akukho nkinobho kuphaneli yokulawula ethi "Ngiyasebenza," noma ibhokisi lokuhlola lokuyikhubaza. Iqiniso liwukuthi, sithole kuphela ukuthi ikhona hhayi ngencwadi yomsebenzisi, kodwa ngoba icala lasenkantolo e-United States lembule ukuthi i-FBI yayisebenzisa kanjani ukubamba isigebengu se-inthanethi esasicabanga ukuthi asibonakali ngemuva kwe-VPN.
Iyini i-GDID futhi isetshenziselwani?
Kulabo abangajwayelene nolimi lobuchwepheshe lweMicrosoft, i-GDID (noma i-Global Device Identifier) iyikhodi ehlukile neqhubekayo exhunywe ekufakweni kwesistimu yokusebenza ethile. Ayifani ne-hardware ID yebhodi lakho le-motherboard noma inombolo yochungechunge ye-hard drive yakho; kunalokho, iwubunikazi bedijithali iMicrosoft ebabela ikhophi yakho ye-Windows efakiwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikwikhompyutha ebonakalayo noma emshinini obonakalayo.
Ngokusho kwenkampani ngokwayo, lesi sihlonzi sisetshenziselwa ukuphatha izinqubo zangaphakathi ezifana nokusatshalaliswa kokuvuselelwa , ukuqinisekiswa kwelayisensi, kanye nokusebenza kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Microsoft Store. Empeleni, kuyindlela ye-Windows yokuthi "yimi futhi" lapho isebenzisana nezinsizakalo zefu le-Microsoft, iqinisekisa ulwazi oluqhubekayo kanye nokusebenza kwesofthiwe okufanele.
Ihlazo le-Scattered Spider kanye nophenyo lwe-FBI
Indaba yashintsha ngendlela ethakazelisayo lapho i-FBI iqala ukuxosha uPeter Stokes, owayesolwa ngokuba yilungu leqembu lokugenca i-Scattered Spider. UStokes wayenguchwepheshe ekucasheni; wayesebenzisa ama-proxies, ama-VPN, futhi eshintsha amazwe njalo , ehamba phakathi kwe-Estonia, iNew York, neThailand. Kunoma yimuphi umphenyi ojwayelekile, ukumlandela kwakuyoba yinto embi kakhulu ngoba amakheli akhe e-IP ashintsha njalo ngemizuzu embalwa.
Kodwa-ke, i-GDID yayiyisici esiyinhloko sephazili. Ngisho noma ikheli le-IP lalihlukile, isihlonzi sokufaka i-Windows sahlala sinjalo. Ama-ejenti ayebona ukuthi ikhodi efanayo ye-g:decimal ivakashele ikhasi lokubhalisa lamathuluzi okuthunga njenge-ngrok futhi, ngemuva nje kwalokho, afinyelela iwebhusayithi yesitolo sobucwebe obusezingeni eliphezulu esasibekwe engcupheni. Ngokubhekisela kule datha ngokungena ngemvume kuma-akhawunti e-Snapchat ne-Apple, i-FBI yakwazi ukulandelela umugqa wesikhathi oqondile wokunyakaza nemisebenzi yakhe, okwashiya umgebengu edalulwe ngokuphelele.
Le khodi ikhiqizwa kanjani futhi ifihlwe kuphi?
Njengoba kungekho mibhalo esemthethweni enemininingwane, ochwepheshe bobunjiniyela obushintshayo kuye kwadingeka benze umsebenzi ongcolile ukuze baqonde ukuthi usebenza kanjani. Konke kuqala uma uxhumanisa i-PC yakho ne-akhawunti ye-Microsoft. Ngaleso sikhathi, isevisi ye-wlidsvc ixhumana namaseva e-login.live.com bese icela i-PUID (i-Passport ID). Leli nani alidalwanga kukhompyutha yakho ngokusekelwe kuhadiwe; kunalokho, linikezwa ngqo yi-Microsoft kusuka kumaseva ayo.
Uma isitholiwe, i-Windows igcina le datha kurejista yesistimu, ikakhulukazi endleleni engaphansi kwe- MicrosoftIdentityCRLExtendedProperties enenani le-LID. Okulandelayo, i-Connected Devices Platform (CDPSvc) ibhalisa ikhompyutha ku-Microsoft Device Directory, ifaka u-"g" omncane ekuqaleni. Lokhu kuqeda inqubo, kushiya umunwe wedijithali ongu-64-bit ohamba ngemibiko ye-telemetry kanye nokwenza ngcono ukulethwa.
Inkinga yobumfihlo kanye nokuntuleka kokulawula
Yilapho izinto ziba zimbi khona. Ngokungafani ne-Android noma i-iOS, ezibuza ukuthi ufuna ukwabelana ngesihlonzi sakho sokukhangisa noma sikuvumele ukuthi usisethe kabusha ngokuchofoza, i-Windows ayinaso isikrini semvume noma inketho yokusivala. Ochwepheshe bobumfihlo babize le "software yokuqapha" ngoba umsebenzisi akanalo igunya phezu kwale datha.
Abaningi bazozibuza ukuthi ukufaka kabusha iWindows kuyayixazulula yini inkinga. Ngobuchwepheshe, ukufakwa okuhlanzekile kudala i-GDID entsha, kodwa kukhona okubambekayo: uma ungena ngemvume futhi nge-akhawunti efanayo ye-Microsoft, inkampani ingaxhumanisa ukufakwa okusha nendala nge-OneDrive, ukusebenza kwesistimu, namanye amarekhodi. Ngakho-ke, umlando womsebenzi awusulwa ngokuphelele; umane ushintsha ikhodi yokubhekisela.
Ingabe ikhona indlela yokunciphisa lokhu kulandelela?
Uma ukhathazekile ngokuthi iMicrosoft yazi okuningi ngedivayisi yakho, kunezinyathelo ezithile ongazithatha, yize zingesona isisombululo esiphelele. Enye yezinketho ezinconywa kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-akhawunti yendawo esikhundleni se-akhawunti ye-Microsoft, okunciphisa kakhulu isixhumanisi esiqondile sobunikazi bakho be-inthanethi. Kubalulekile futhi ukuya esigabeni Sobumfihlo Nokuphepha bese ukhubaza idatha yokuxilonga ongayikhetha kanye nezikhangiso ezenzelwe wena.
Kodwa-ke, masibe ngokoqobo: ukususa ngenkani i-GDID kuvame ukuphula ukusebenza kwe-Windows kanye nokufinyelela ku-Microsoft Store . Kulabo abaphatha ulwazi olubucayi kakhulu, njengezintatheli noma izishoshovu, ikhambi langempela kuphela ukushintshela ku-Linux bese uphequlula i-Tor, njengoba i-GDID iwungqimba lokuhlonza olusebenza ngaphansi kwanoma iyiphi i-VPN yezentengiselwano oyifakayo.
Ngamafuphi, i-GDID iyithuluzi elinamandla elivumela iMicrosoft kanye neziphathimandla ukuthi zihlale zikhomba ukufakwa kwe-Windows, zigweme ama-VPN kanye nokungaziwa kwe-IP. Nakuba inhloso yayo iwubuchwepheshe, ukuntuleka kokucaca kanye nokungakwazi ukuyikhubaza ngaphandle kokuphula uhlelo kuphakamisa impikiswano edingekayo mayelana nokuthi sisele nobumfihlo obungakanani endaweni yedeskithophu esetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni.
