- Ukwephulwa kwedatha, i-ransomware, kanye namaphutha abantu kudala ukulahlekelwa ezigidini ezidlula kakhulu ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuvimbela ekuphepheni kwe-inthanethi.
- Kukhona igebe elikhulayo phakathi kwezindleko zobugebengu be-inthanethi kanye nesabelomali esabelwe ezokuphepha, ikakhulukazi kuma-SME kanye nemikhakha yamasu.
- UMthetho omusha Wokuphepha Kwe-inthanethi udinga izinkulungwane zezinkampani ukuthi zitshale imali eningi ekuphathweni kwezingozi, ekuphenduleni ezigamekweni, nasekuqeqeshweni.
- Izindleko zokuthobela lezi zimfuneko zingaphansi komthelela wezezimali, wezomthetho, kanye nowedumela lesigameko esingathi sína se-inthanethi esingalawulwa.
Ukukhuluma ngezindleko zangempela zokuphepha kwe-inthanethi akuseyona nje ilayisense ye-antivirus noma ukuqasha uchwepheshe we-IT ukusiza lapho kukhona okungahambi kahle. Namuhla, imali inkampani ebeka engcupheni engozini enkulu yokuphepha idlula kakhulu noma yikuphi ukutshalwa kwezimali okunengqondo ekuvikeleni , futhi idatha evela kubashuwalensi, abaxhumanisi, kanye nezinhlangano zomphakathi ikwenza kucace lokhu.
Nakuba inani kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuhlaselwa kwe-cyber kukhuphuka kakhulu, izinkampani eziningi azivikelekile ngokwanele , zinesabelomali esiqinile, izinyathelo ezincane, kanye nomqondo wokuthi "ngeke kwenzeke kimi" wokuthi, lapho kwenzeka isigameko sokuqala, kuba kubi kakhulu. Kusukela emaqenjini amakhulu ezimboni kanye namandla kuya kuma-SME endawo, ukungafani phakathi kwengozi ecatshangelwayo kanye nemali eyabelwe ukunciphisa lokhu kuya ngokuya kubonakala.
Izindleko eziqondile zezehlakalo ze-cyber: izibalo ezesabekayo
Uma kuhlaziywa izimangalo zomshuwalense we-inthanethi ngezinga elikhulu, kuba sobala ukuthi ukwephulwa kwedatha kanye nokuvuza kolwazi uhlobo lwesigameko oluvame kakhulu futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, yilona ekugcineni elidala ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezezimali. Sikhuluma ngamacala asukela kubantu abambalwa abathintekile kuya ezigamekweni ezithinta amakhasimende angaphezu kwesigidi, konke lokhu okubandakanya izaziso, ukuphathwa kwezinkinga, ukumelwa kwezomthetho, izinhlawulo, kanye nokulimala kwedumela.
Ucwaningo lomhlaba wonke olusekelwe ezicelweni zomshuwalense ezingu-4.650 emazweni angaba ngu-90 eminyakeni eyishumi edlule lubeka isilinganiso sezindleko zokuhlaselwa kwe-inthanethi cishe ku-$2,4 million ngesigameko ngasinye. Uma inkinga ihilela ukwephulwa kwedatha okukhulu, umthelela uyanda nakakhulu: isilinganiso sezindleko zokwephulwa kwedatha cishe ku-$3,9 million, okuhlanganisa izindleko zobuchwepheshe, zomthetho, zokusebenza, kanye nedumela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthelela "wezigameko ezinkulu" mkhulu kakhulu: u-4% kuphela wezigameko udlula uphawu lwezigidi eziyi-10 zamaRandi, kodwa leli qembu elincane libalelwa cishe ku-91% wokulahlekelwa okuphelele okurekhodiwe. Ngokweqile, ezinye izimangalo zifinyelele izibalo ezimangalisayo ezifika ku-$331 million, okubonisa amandla abhubhisayo okuhlasela okuqondiswe kahle enhlanganweni evezwe kakhulu.
Esinye isici esibonakala ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuntuleka kwezinyathelo zokuphepha ezanele . Cishe ingxenye yesine yokulahlekelwa okuhlaziyiwe ivela ekuvikeleni okungekuhle: izinhlelo ezingakalungiswa , izilawuli zokufinyelela ezibuthakathaka, ukuntuleka kokuqapha kwabathengisi, noma ukuntuleka kwezinhlelo zokuphendula nezokubuyisela ezivumela ukubuyela ngokushesha ekusebenzeni.
Izimbangela eziyinhloko zokulahlekelwa: abantu besithathu, amaphutha abantu kanye ne-ransomware
Uma sibheka umsuka weziningi zalezi zigameko, kuba sobala ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yokulahlekelwa okuvela ekuphulweni kwedatha ihlobene nabaphakeli kanye nabantu besithathu . Cishe ingxenye yalezi zigameko ivela ekuhlulekeni noma ekuhlaselweni okuthinta abalingani abagcina noma abacubungula idatha yamakhasimende kanye neyabasebenzi. Lokhu kudinga ukubuyekezwa okuphelele nokujwayelekile kokuphepha kwe-inthanethi kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka, hhayi ngaphakathi kwenhlangano uqobo.
Amaphutha abantu asalokhu eyimbangela evamile. Cishe u-24% wokulahlekelwa okuhlobene nokwephulwa kwedatha kuhlobene nokunganaki noma imikhuba emibi yabasebenzi noma ozakwethu: ukuchofoza izixhumanisi kuma-imeyili e-phishing, ukuphendula imiyalezo yokukhwabanisa, ukuthumela amadokhumenti abucayi kumamukeli ongalungile, noma ukwabelana ngeziqinisekiso ngaphandle kwezinyathelo zokuqapha ezanele. Uhlelo oluhle lokungena kanye nokuqeqeshwa lunciphisa kakhulu lezi zingozi.
Okwamanje, ukuhlaselwa kwe-ransomware kuyaqhubeka nokuthambekela kwabo okukhuphukayo. Lolu hlobo lwe-malware lubethela noma luvala izinhlelo nedatha, lufuna isihlengo ukuze kubuyiselwe ukufinyelela. Ezimweni eziningi, luhlanganiswa nokwebiwa kwedatha kanye nokushicilelwa ukuze kwandiswe ingcindezi. Imodeli isibe yinkimbinkimbi kangangokuthi abaqhubi bavele benikeza i-ransomware-as-a-service , behlinzeka ngamakhithi, ingqalasizinda, kanye nokusekelwa kwezinye izigebengu ngokushintshana nephesenti lesihlengo.
Lesi simo senza kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nohlelo lokuqhubeka kwebhizinisi oluklanywe kahle, oluvivinyiwe, nolusesikhathini kanye nohlelo lokutakula : ama-backups aqinile futhi ahlukanisiwe, izinqubo ezicacile zokuhlukanisa izinhlelo ezisengozini, ukuxhumana kwangaphakathi nangaphandle okuhlelekile, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuzilolonga njalo ukuze kugwenywe ukusungula izinto ezintsha lapho inkampani ihlaselwa.
Igebe phakathi kwengozi kanye nesabelomali ekuphepheni kwe-inthanethi
Nakuba abahlaseli belungisa amathuluzi nezindlela zabo, ukusetshenziswa kwemali ekuvikeleni akuhlali kuhambisana nesivinini. Ezimakethe ezifana neSpain, izilinganiso zakamuva zisikisela ukuthi izindleko zobugebengu be-inthanethi zingakhuphuka ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-148 ngo-2028, zifinyelele cishe ku-€69.000 billion. Kodwa-ke, isabelomali esabelwe ukuphepha kwe-inthanethi sikhula ngesilinganiso sonyaka esingaphansi kuka-6%, okudala igebe elikhathazayo phakathi kwenani lezingozi ezicatshangwayo kanye nezinga lokuzivikela kwangempela.
Lesi simo sibaluleke kakhulu emikhakheni yeqhinga , lapho ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi kungagcini nje ngokudala ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho kodwa futhi kunomthelela ekuphepheni kwezwe, ekuhlinzekeni, kanye nezinsizakalo ezibalulekile. Ngonyaka odlule, imboni yokukhiqiza ibilokhu ibhekene cishe nengxenye yesine yokuhlaselwa okurekhodiwe, kulandelwa imikhakha yamandla nokuhlinzeka, kanye nezokuthutha, nazo ezibe nengxenye enkulu yezehlakalo.
Amacala adumile njengokuhlaselwa kwe-inthanethi enkampanini enkulu yezimoto yaseBrithani, ebhekwa njengenye yezindleko ezinkulu kulelo zwe, akwenza kucace ukuthi isigameko esisodwa singaphazamisa ukukhiqizwa, siphazamise izintambo zokuhlinzeka, sonakalise idumela, futhi siholele ezicelweni zesinxephezelo sezigidi zamaRandi.
Naphezu kwalesi simo, izinhlangano eziningi zisabonisa amazinga aphansi okuvuthwa kokuphepha kwe-inthanethi. Imibiko yakamuva ikhombisa ukuthi ingxenye encane kuphela yezinkampani, cishe u-2%, isebenzise isu eliphelele lokumelana ne-inthanethi—okungukuthi, indlela ephelele engazami nje ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa kodwa futhi nokumelana nakho nokululama kukho ngokushesha nangendlela elawulwayo.
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi iningi labaphathi manje seliyabona isidingo sokuqinisa le ndawo. Izinkampani ezingaphezu kwezingxenye ezintathu kwezine zilindele ukwandisa isabelomali sazo sokuphepha kwe-inthanethi esikhathini esifushane, futhi inani elikhulu lihlela ukwenyuka kwezinombolo ezimbili, liqaphela ukuthi ukuqhubeka nokuhlehlisa lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali kwenza izindleko zesikhathi esizayo zibe ziphezulu.
Ukwenziwa kwedijithali, ukuxhumana kanye nendawo entsha yokuhlasela
Ukuguqulwa kwedijithali kushintshe imikhuba yokusebenza emikhakheni eyahlukahlukene njengezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo, ezokuthutha, ukulungiswa kwengqalasizinda, kanye nezokuvikela. Amadivayisi eselula nama-laptop axhunyiwe avumela ukufinyelela kolwazi lwesikhathi sangempela, ukwenza ngcono imizila, ukuxhumanisa amaqembu, kanye nokunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuxhumana okufanayo kwandisa nenkundla yokudlala yabahlaseli . Ukuguqulwa kwedijithali kudinga izinyathelo ezithile zokugwema ukuphindaphinda ingozi.
Ezindaweni ezikude noma ensimini, lapho ukuqapha okuqondile kwethimba le-IT kunqunyelwe noma kungekho khona, izingozi ziyanda: ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe ezinhlelweni zezinkampani, ukulahleka noma ukwebiwa kwamadivayisi aqukethe idatha ebucayi, ukuxhumana namanethiwekhi angenantambo angavikelekile, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingalawulwa. Konke lokhu kudala isimo esifanele sokuthi ukwephulwa kokuphepha okubonakala kuncane kukhule kube yinkinga enkulu.
Amadivayisi aqinile (ama-laptop namathebulethi aphathekayo) asetshenziswa kule mikhakha aklanyelwe ukusebenza ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu futhi anikeza ukuxhumana okuthuthukile, kungaba yi-4G LTE noma i-5G, ngisho nasezindaweni ezikude. Kodwa-ke, ukuxhumana okwandisiwe ngaphandle kwesu lokuphepha elifanele kuyindlela yokudala inhlekelele: izindawo zokungena ezengeziwe, amadivayisi amaningi okufanele uwalungise, kanye nobunikazi obuningi okufanele ubuphathe.
Ukuze kuncishiswe lezi zingozi, indlela yokuvikela enezingqimba eziningi, egxile ekugcineni inengqondo: ihadiwe enezici zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe kusukela ezingeni le-firmware, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezilungiselelwe ngezimiso zokuphepha ezizenzakalelayo, izilawuli zobunikazi eziqinile (njengokuqinisekiswa kwezinto eziningi), ukubethela okugcwele kwediski nokuxhumana, kanye namathuluzi okuqapha avumela ukutholakala komsebenzi osolisayo ngesikhathi sangempela.
Ngaleso sisekelo, kuyalulekwa ukwengeza izendlalelo ezengeziwe njengokusetshenziswa okuhlelekile kwama -VPN aphephile ukuze kufinyelelwe kude, izinqubomgomo eziqinile zokuphatha isofthiwe kanye nezibuyekezo ze-firmware (ukugwema ukushiya amafasitela evulekele ubuthakathaka obaziwayo) kanye nezinhlelo zokuphendula ezigamekweni ezicabangela umongo othize womsebenzi wasensimini.
Linganisa ubungozi be-cyber bese ubeka phambili ukutshalwa kwezimali
Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ezinkampanini eziningi ukusuka ezinqumweni ezisekelwe ekuqondeni noma ukwesaba okuvamile kuya endleleni yokulinganisa yokuphathwa kwezingozi ze-cyber . Iningi labaphathi liyavuma ukuthi ukulinganisa ingozi ye-cyber kuzoba yisihluthulelo ekunqumeni ukuthi uzokwabela kuphi izimali, ukuthi yimaphi amaphrojekthi okufanele abekwe phambili, nokuthi yiziphi izilawuli ezingabizi kakhulu maqondana nokunciphisa ukuvezwa.
Kodwa-ke, izinhlangano ezimbalwa kuphela ezibika ukwaba izinsiza ngendlela ehambisana nezindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu. Phakathi kwezithiyo ezivame kakhulu ukungaqiniseki mayelana nobukhulu beqiniso bezinsongo , ukuntuleka kwedatha ethembekile, ubunzima bokuguqula lolo lwazi lube yizilinganiso eziqondakalayo ebhizinisini, kanye nokungazethembi amamodeli okukala atholakalayo.
Naphezu kwalokhu, ukusetshenziswa kokuhlolwa komthelela wezezimali ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezigameko kuyathuthuka. Lezi zixazululo zisiza ekuqageleni, isibonelo, ukuthi ukuvalwa kwesikhathi eside kohlelo olubucayi kungabiza malini, noma ukuthi ukwephulwa kwedatha yamakhasimende okukhulu kungaba namuphi umthelela kuye ngomkhakha, imithethonqubo esebenzayo, kanye namandla okuphendula enkampani.
Ngaphandle kwezinkampani ezinkulu, ngisho nama-SME angazuza ngezindlela ezilula zokulinganisa lokhu, uma nje kuqhathaniswe inani elilinganiselwe lokulahlekelwa okungenzeka uma kuqhathaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwemali kwamanje ekuvikeleni. Lokhu kuqhathanisa kuvame ukwembula futhi kugqamisa ukuthi ukutshala imali eshibhile ekuphepheni kwe-inthanethi empeleni kuqhathaniswa nezindleko zesigameko esingathi sína.
Kulesi simo, ukubambisana okuseduze nabahlinzeki bomshuwalense kanye nabathengisi abakhethekile kungaba usizo kakhulu. Ukwabelana ngolwazi mayelana nabahlinzeki, ukwakheka kobuchwepheshe, kanye nezinqubo zebhizinisi kuvumela ukulungiswa okungcono kwemingcele yenqubomgomo, ukumbozwa, kanye nokungafakwa, kunciphisa amathuba okumangala okungathandeki uma kwenzeka isimangalo.
Yini esetshenziswayo ngempela: icala lama-SME aseSpain
Uma sibheka izinga lamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo (ama-SME), iqiniso liwukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali ekuphepheni kwe-inthanethi kuvame ukuba kuphansi kakhulu . Ucwaningo lwamuva olusekelwe ezingxoxweni nama-SME aseSpain angaphezu kwenkulungwane lubonisa ukuthi cishe ingxenye yawo ichitha imali engaphansi kwama-euro angu-500 ngonyaka ekuphepheni kwedijithali, okusobala ukuthi akwanele uma ubheka izingozi abhekene nazo.
Esigabeni esilandelayo, cishe ama-SME angu-18% abika ukuthi abela phakathi kuka-€500 no-€2.000 ngonyaka, kuyilapho iphesenti elincane kuphela lidlula uphawu luka-€2.000. Phakathi kwezithiyo ezinkulu zokutshalwa kwezimali, umbono wokuthi izindleko zokuqalisa ziphakeme kakhulu uyabonakala , into evame ukubangelwa ukungaqondi kahle kunamanani angempela.
Ezinye izithiyo zihlobene kakhulu namasiko noma zihlobene nombono: ingxenye yesine yama-SME ikholelwa ukuthi asikho isidingo sokudlula lokho asenakho kakade (yize lokho kuvame ukuba yinto engeyona nje i-antivirus eyisisekelo). Okungeziwe kulokhu umuzwa wokuthi ukuphepha kwe-inthanethi kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuba kungaphathwa noma ukuthi abasebenzi abafanelekayo abatholakali, okuholela izinkampani eziningi ukuba zigweme ukuthatha isinyathelo, naphezu kokuba khona kwezixazululo nezinsizakalo ezilawulwayo ezenzelwe cishe noma yisiphi isabelomali.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe ingxenye yalezi zinkampani ibona imithetho yaseYurophu yokwenza izinto zibe yidijithali njengesithiyo kunokuba usizo, okuziphoqa ukuba zihambisane nezidingo ezizibona zinzima ukuhlangabezana nezinsiza zazo zamanje. Ngokumangalisayo, eziningi zalezi zinhlangano ziyavuma ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali ekwenzeni izinto zibe yidijithali kanye nezinsizakalo zamafu sekuvele kukhiqiza izinzuzo zomnotho kanye nokusebenza kahle kokusebenza.
Eqinisweni, ama-SME amane kwayishumi abika ukuthi asevele ebona inzuzo enhle ekusetshenzisweni kwedijithali, kanti amaphesenti amaningi abheka ukuphepha kwe-inthanethi njengento engaba nomthelela omuhle empumelelweni yawo. Inkinga ngokuvamile akuyona ukuntuleka kobufakazi benani, kodwa kunalokho ubunzima bokuhumusha lelo nani libe yizinqumo zesabelomali eziqondile nezisimeme.
I-AI, ukukhiqiza, kanye nezinselele ezintsha zokuphepha
Esinye isici esibalulekile sezindleko zangempela zokuphepha kwe-cyber ukwamukelwa kwamathuluzi obuhlakani bokwenziwa . Emkhakheni wama-SME, umbiko ongaphezu kwesithathu usuvele usebenzisa izixazululo ezisekelwe ku-AI, kanye nabasizi bokukhiqiza abadlala indima ebalulekile ekuphathweni kwamadokhumenti, ekucutshungulweni kombhalo, ekuhlaziyweni kwedatha, kanye nokusekelwa kokumaketha, ukuthengisa, noma isevisi yamakhasimende.
Phakathi kwalabo asebeqalile ukusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe, isisusa esiyinhloko ukwandisa umkhiqizo kanye nokusebenza kahle : ukunciphisa umsebenzi wezandla, ukusheshisa ukukhiqizwa kokuqukethwe, ukuthuthukisa isevisi yamakhasimende ngama-chatbot, noma ukwenza lula ukwenza izinqumo ngokuhlaziya okuzenzakalelayo. Inani elikhulu lalezi zinkampani lihlela ukwandisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwazo ku-AI ezinyangeni ezizayo.
Kodwa-ke, phakathi kwama-SME angakafiki ezingeni elifanele, isithiyo esikhulu ngokuvamile akuzona izindleko zezimali, okukhulunywa ngazo kuphela ngamaphesenti amancane kakhulu njengenkinga yawo eyinhloko. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuntuleka kwesimo esicacile sokusetshenziswa ebhizinisini lawo lansuku zonke noma ukuntuleka kolwazi ngezixazululo ezitholakalayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinhlangano eziningi zilahlekelwa amathuba okuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwazo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ziqinise ukuphepha kwazo ngamathuluzi asekelwe ku-AI.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-AI ngokwayo isibe yisikhali ezandleni zabahlaseli. Ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi obukhiqizwe ngokuzenzakalelayo , ama-deepfake ezwi namavidiyo, kanye nokuhlaselwa kobunjiniyela bezenhlalo okuyinkimbinkimbi kuphakamisa izinga lokuhlukanisa umzamo wokukhwabanisa nokuxhumana okusemthethweni. Lokhu kubeka ingcindezi eyengeziwe ezinkampanini ukuthi ziqinise izinhlelo zazo zokuphepha ze-AI kanye nezilawuli zobuchwepheshe.
Kulesi simo, inhlanganisela ye-AI yokuthuthukisa izinqubo kanye nokutholakala kwezinsongo, kanye nezinqubomgomo ezicacile zokusetshenziswa kwala mathuluzi ngendlela efanele, kungenza umehluko phakathi kokuthola ukusebenza kahle ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuphepha, noma ukuvula ngokungaqondile ubuthakathaka obusha enhlanganweni.
Indima yezinqubomgomo zobungozi be-cyber kanye nemikhawulo yazo
Izinqubomgomo zomshuwalense wengozi ye-inthanethi seziyinto ebalulekile ohlelweni lokuphathwa kwengozi. Ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo lomshuwalense lumboza izimangalo ezihlobene nezehlakalo ezifana nobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi ngokwephulwa kwedatha, ukuphazamiseka kwebhizinisi, ukuhlaselwa kwe-ransomware, kanye nezinye izehlakalo ezihlobene nezinhlelo zedijithali kanye nempahla.
Ukuhlaziywa kwezimangalo kukhombisa ukuthi, ekwephulweni kwedatha okuningi, cishe u-94% wokulahlekelwa umbozwa yilezi zinqubomgomo, uma nje lesi sigameko sihlangabezana nemibandela evunyelwene ngayo. Kodwa-ke, uma imbangela yenkinga ingaphakathi kwenhlangano enomshwalense uqobo, lelo phesenti lokumbozwa okusebenzayo lehla laya cishe ku-83%.
Phakathi kwezizathu zokungqubuzana kokumbozwa, ezintathu zivelele ikakhulukazi: ukufakwa kwezicelo ngaphandle kwesikhathi esibekiwe , ukwehluleka ukusebenzisa izigaba ezithile ezazidinga izinyathelo ezithile ngumshwalense, kanye nezinqumo ezenziwe yinkampani ngaphandle kokuthola imvume yangaphambilini yomshwalense, kwezinye izimo ezingase zenze ingxenye yeziqinisekiso ingasebenzi.
Ukuze kugwenywe lezi zimo, kubalulekile ukuthi izinhlangano ziqonde ngokugcwele ukuthi inqubomgomo yazo ihlanganisani, ukuthi yini okungafakwa kuyo, nokuthi yiziphi izibopho zazo uma kwenzeka isigameko. Ukuxhumana kusenesikhathi nokuguquguqukayo nomthengisi kanye nomshwalense, okunikeza ulwazi mayelana nabaphakeli ababalulekile, izimpahla ezibucayi, kanye nobuthakathaka obaziwayo, kuqinisekisa ukuthi inqubomgomo yomshwalense ilungiselelwe ngempela ukuchayeka kwenkampani.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganisa inqubomgomo ngaphakathi kwesu elibanzi lokumelana ne-cyber kuvimbela umbono ongamanga wokuthi umshwalense uzoxazulula konke. Ukumbozwa kwezezimali kusiza ekubambeni umthelela, kodwa akuvimbeli ukuhlaselwa futhi akuthathi indawo yesidingo sezinqubo eziqinile, abasebenzi abaqeqeshwe, kanye nobuchwepheshe obufanele.
UMthetho omusha Wokuphepha Kwe-inthanethi kanye nezindleko zokuwulandela
EYurophu, ukuguqulwa komyalelo we-NIS2 ngoMthetho omusha Wokuphepha Kwe-Cyber kuphakamisa izinga lezibopho zezinkulungwane zezinkampani, ikakhulukazi lezo ezisebenza emikhakheni ebhekwa njengebalulekile noma ebalulekile emnothweni nasemphakathini. ESpain, kulinganiselwa ukuthi izinhlangano ezingaba ngu-6.000 kuzodingeka zivumelane nalo mthethonqubo futhi zithwale izindleko zokusebenzisa ezihambisana nawo.
Umthetho uhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlangano ezibalulekile nezibalulekile . Izinhlangano ezibalulekile zihambisana kakhulu nezinkampani ezisezindaweni ezibaluleke kakhulu (amandla, ezokuthutha, amabhange, ezempilo, ukuphathwa kwamanzi, ingqalasizinda yedijithali, izinsizakalo ze-ICT zabantu besithathu, isikhala, noma imboni yenuzi) ezidlula nosayizi othile kanye nemingcele yemali engenayo, kanye nabahlinzeki bezinsizakalo ezithembekile, izizinda, kanye namanethiwekhi okuxhumana omphakathi, phakathi kwezinye. Zonke ezinye izinhlangano eziwela ngaphansi kobubanzi bomthetho kodwa ezingahlangabezani nezidingo ezibalulekile zibhekwa njengezinhlangano ezibalulekile.
Izindleko zokuzivumelanisa nezimo ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi uqala kuphi. Ezinhlanganweni ezinkulu okumele zakhe ingqalasizinda yazo yokuphepha kwe-inthanethi kusukela ekuqaleni, isilinganiso sokutshalwa kwezimali esilinganiselwayo singu-€180.000. Labo asebevele benazo cishe u-27% wezinyathelo ezidingekayo ezisetshenzisiwe bangabona izindleko zokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezicishe zibe ngu-€131.000.
Uma kuziwa ezinhlanganweni ezibalulekile , izibalo ziyanda kakhulu: lezo eziqala ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu lokuqaliswa zingadinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okungaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili zama-euro, kuyilapho lezo esezihlangabezana cishe nengxenye yezimfuneko zingadinga cishe izigidi eziyi-1,19 zama-euro. Izinkampani esezilawulwa ngaphansi kohlaka lwangaphambilini (NIS1) zinezindleko ezengeziwe eziphansi kakhulu, esifundeni sama-€100.000, ukuze zivumelane nezimfuneko ezintsha.
Uma yonke le mizamo ihlanganiswa, uHulumeni ulinganisela ukuthi wonke umkhakha wokukhiqiza othintekile ungatshala imali ecishe ibe yi-€2.250 billion ekuzivumelaniseni nomthetho omusha. Lesi yisibalo esibalulekile, kodwa kumele sihunyushwe ngokubheka izindleko, kokubili ngokwemali kanye nomthelela wezenhlalo, zochungechunge lwezehlakalo ezinkulu emikhakheni yamasu ngaphandle kwezinga eliphansi lokuvikelwa elivamile.
Izinyathelo ezidingekayo: kusukela ekuphathweni kwezingozi kuya ekujezisweni
UMthetho Wokuphepha Kwe-inthanethi udlula izincomo ezijwayelekile: uphoqa izinkampani ezingaphakathi kobubanzi bawo ukuthi zamukele isethi ephelele yezinyathelo , kusukela ekuphathweni kwezingozi kuya ekuqeqeshweni kwabasebenzi. Izidingo ezibalulekile zifaka phakathi ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubomgomo zokuphepha eziqinile, ukuhlaziywa kwezingozi okuvamile, ukuphathwa kobuthakathaka okuhlelekile , kanye nokusungulwa kwezinqubo ezicacile zokuphendula ezigamekweni.
Isidingo sokusekela njalo nokwethembekile, izindlela zokulungisa izinhlekelele , kanye nezinqubo zokuphatha izinhlekelele ukuvimbela izehlakalo zokuphepha ukuthi zingaphazamisi imisebenzi izinsuku noma amasonto nakho kugcizelelwe. Ukuphepha kwe-supply chain kuphinde kwaba phambili, okuphoqa izinhlangano ukuthi ziqaphe ukuphepha kwabaphakeli bazo kanye nabalingani bezobuchwepheshe.
Esinye isici esibalulekile ukuxazulula izigameko nokubika . Izinkampani kumele zibe nezinsizakalo ezikwazi ukuphendula ngokushesha lapho zibona inkinga, zinciphise umthelela wayo, futhi zibuyisele isimo esijwayelekile ngokushesha okukhulu, kanye nokwazisa iziphathimandla ezifanele kanye nabantu abathintekayo ngaphakathi kwezikhathi ezichazwe kahle kanye nolwazi oluchazwe ngokucacile.
Lo mthethonqubo udinga futhi ukuqokwa kwesikhulu sokuphepha kolwazi ukuze sisebenze njengendawo yokuxhumana yangaphakathi kanye nokuxhumana neziphathimandla. Uqinisa ukubaluleka kokuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo kokuphepha kwe-inthanethi kwabaphathi nabasebenzi, beqaphela ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bodwa abwanele uma abantu bengakwazi ukuhlonza nokuphatha izingozi.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela imithetho, kuhlelwa izindlela zokuqinisekisa izinhlangano ezibalulekile, ukuzihlola okuqondiswayo kwezinhlangano ezibalulekile, kanye namandla abanzi eziphathimandla eziphethe, ezizokwazi ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa kwamabhuku, ukucela ulwazi, nokubeka izinhlawulo. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, izinhlawulo zingafinyelela ku-€10 million, futhi izinyathelo ezifana nokumiswa kwezitifiketi noma ukuvinjelwa kwesikhashana kwemisebenzi yezikhulu eziphezulu kuze kube yilapho ukuntuleka okutholiwe kulungisiwe nakho kuyacatshangelwa.
Uma uqhathanisa izibalo zokutshalwa kwezimali ezidingekayo ukuqinisa ukuphepha nomthelela ongaba khona kwezomnotho, kwezomthetho, kanye nedumela lesigameko esingathi sína, kuba sobala ukuthi ukungazinaki kubiza kakhulu . Ukuqonda izindleko zangempela zokuphepha kwe-inthanethi kusho ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuvikela izinhlelo, idatha, kanye nezinqubo akuyona izindleko ezibangelwa yingozi, kodwa kuyisici esiyinhloko semodeli yebhizinisi; lapho izinkampani zishesha ukufaka lokhu ngaphakathi, kulapho zizokhokha khona kancane intengo yokungenzi lutho lapho kwenzeka ukuhlaselwa okulandelayo.
