- I-Ubuntu 26.04 LTS yethula i-kernel 7.0, i-GNOME 50 ku-Wayland kuphela, kanye nezinsiza ezibalulekile ezibhalwe kabusha ku-Rust ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha nokusebenza.
- Le nguqulo iqinisa ukuphepha ngokubethela kwediski okusekelwa yi-TPM ezinzile, i-cryptography ye-post-quantum ngokuzenzakalelayo, kanye neSikhungo Sokuphepha esisha esiphakathi.
- Kufaka phakathi ukwesekwa kwendabuko kwe-AMD ROCm kanye ne-NVIDIA CUDA, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha ezizenzakalelayo, kanye nokuphathwa kwesofthiwe okuhlanganisiwe okwengeziwe nge-App Center.
- Kunconywa ukulinda i-Ubuntu 26.04.1 ukuze uthole izibuyekezo ze-LTS→LTS ezinhlelweni ezibalulekile, ukuhlela ama-backup kanye nokuhlolwa kwangaphambilini ezindaweni zokuhlola.
Ukuthuthukela ku-Ubuntu 26.04 LTS sekungenye yezinqumo ezibaluleke kakhulu kunoma ubani osebenzisa i-distro ye-Canonical nsuku zonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ku-PC yakhe, i-laptop ene-dual-boot, noma amaseva okukhiqiza. Lokhu akuyona nje enye inguqulo: lolu hlobo lwe-LTS luphawula inguquko ohlelweni lwe-Ubuntu, ngobuchwepheshe obusha, ushintsho oluqondile oluya eWayland, ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nokusekelwa okungahlala iminyaka efinyelela kweyi-15.
Iyini i-Ubuntu 26.04 LTS futhi ukusekelwa kwayo kuhlala isikhathi esingakanani?
I-Ubuntu 26.04 LTS, ebizwa ngokuthi “i-Resolute Raccoon” , iyinguqulo entsha ye-Canonical ye-Long Term Support (LTS). Igcina ifilosofi ye-LTS: ukuzinza, ukuphepha, kanye nendawo ehambisanayo iminyaka eminingi, ishiya ukuhlolwa okunamandla kakhulu kokukhishwa okuphakathi.
I-Canonical inikeza iminyaka emihlanu yokusekelwa okujwayelekile kwalolu hlobo (izibuyekezo zokuphepha nokugcinwa kuze kube ngu-Ephreli 2031), futhi, ngenxa yohlelo lwe -Ubuntu Pro , iminyaka emihlanu eyengeziwe yama-patches amaphakheji e-universe anwetshiwe kanye nama-repository. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesengezo se-"Legacy" sezindawo zebhizinisi, ukwesekwa kungandiswa kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-15 , okwenza kube isisekelo esiqinile kakhulu sengqalasizinda ebalulekile.
Njengokujwayelekile, ukuthuthukiswa okuqondile okuvela ku-Ubuntu 24.04 LTS ngeke kuvunyelwe ngokusemthethweni kumphathi wokuvuselela kuze kufike i- Ubuntu 26.04.1 , ehlelelwe u-Agasti 2026. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, noma ubani ofuna ukuthuthukisa kuzodingeka aphoqe inqubo ngamapharamitha akhethekile, ecabanga ukuthi kunengozi enkulu yamaphutha.
Umjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa ulandele iphethini yakudala: izithombe eziningana zokuhlola, ukumiswa kwesici, i-beta yomphakathi, kanye nokukhishwa okuzinzile ngo-Ephreli. Nakuba izinombolo zenguqulo (isb., i-kernel 7.0) zingase zibonakale sengathi zigxuma kakhulu, empeleni zibonisa kakhulu isinqumo sokufaka izinombolo kunokuhlukana okuphelele nomklamo wangaphambilini.
Izici zobuchwepheshe eziyinhloko ze-Ubuntu 26.04 LTS
I-Ubuntu 26.04 LTS isiqongelele iminyaka emibili yokusebenza kusukela ngo-24.04, ngakho-ke igcwele izinguquko kuzo zonke izendlalelo: i-kernel, ideskithophu, ukuphepha, ukuphathwa kwesofthiwe, ukubethela kanye nokusekelwa kwehadiwe yesimanje.
Okokuqala, uhlelo luqala i-Linux kernel 7.0 , luthatha indawo ye-6.8 ye-LTS yangaphambilini. Nakuba inombolo ihlaba umxhwele, iqiniso liwukuthi uTorvalds uqhubeke nomkhuba wakhe "wokusetha kabusha" inombolo ephezulu lapho engezansi isondela ku-20, njengoba nje kwenzekile ngokushintsha kusuka ku-2.6 kuya ku-3.0, 3.x kuya ku-4.0, kanye no-5.x kuya ku-6.0. Noma kunjalo, i-kernel 7.0 iletha ukuthuthuka okubaluleke kakhulu.
Phakathi kwezinguquko ze-kernel, eziphawuleka kakhulu ukusekelwa kwezizukulwane ezintsha zama-CPU njenge-Intel Nova Lake kanye ne-AMD Zen 6, ukusekelwa kokuqala kwamapulatifomu e-ARM anamuhla njenge-Qualcomm Snapdragon X2, kanye nokuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwezinhlelo zamafayela njenge- EXT4, i-exFAT, kanye ne-F2FS . Konke lokhu kuholela ekuvumelaneni okungcono nehadiwe yamanje kanye nokuqina okukhulu kwesitoreji.
Iphuzu elilodwa lobuchwepheshe okufanele liqashelwe yindlela entsha yokwandisa isikhathi ku-scheduler . Lokhu kuvumela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile (isibonelo, imidlalo noma isofthiwe yomsindo yesikhathi sangempela) ukuthi zicele isandiso esifushane se-CPU kusuka ku-kernel uma ziphakathi nokusebenza okubalulekile, okunciphisa ukuguguleka nokuphazamiseka. Kumaseva, umthelela mncane, kodwa kuma-desktop, unikeza intuthuko ebonakalayo ekusheleleni okubonakalayo.
Kanye nalokhu, i-Ubuntu 26.04 LTS iqinisa ukwesekwa kwehluzo ngesitaki esibuyekeziwe: i-Mesa 26, ukuhlanganiswa okungcono nemidlalo ngenxa ye-NTSYNC (ethuthukisa ukusebenza kwezihloko ze-Windows eziqhutshwa yi-Wine noma i-Proton) kanye nokuxhumana okuhle ne-Wayland ye-HDR, i-VRR kanye nokukala okuyingxenye.
I-GNOME 50, i-Wayland ephoqelekile, kanye nezinguquko zedeskithophu
Ushintsho oluphawuleka kakhulu kubasebenzisi bedeskithophu ukufika kwe-GNOME 50 njengendawo ezenzakalelayo, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukususwa kweseshini ye-GNOME phezu kwe-X11. Kusukela ku-Ubuntu 26.04 LTS, uma usebenzisa uhlelo oluyinhloko lwe-Ubuntu, iseshini yakho yezithombe izoba yi-Wayland kuphela , kanti i-XWayland izosebenza njengesendlalelo sokuhambisana kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezindala ezisancike ku-X11.
Lokhu kunyakaza kuphawula ukuphela kweminyaka ecishe ibe ngamashumi amane yomlando we-X11 njengohlelo oluvelele lwe-windowing ku-Linux. I-Wayland inikeza ukwakheka kwesimanje kakhulu okunezendlalelo ezimbalwa zefa, ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe (okuvimbela uhlelo lokusebenza olulodwa ukuthi "luhlole" kalula okuqukethwe komunye), kanye nokubambezeleka okuphansi. Empeleni, lokhu kuhunyushwa ekuzinzeni okungcono kokubona, ukusekelwa kwezikrini ezisezingeni eliphezulu lokuvuselela, kanye nokuphathwa okuthuthukisiwe kwezibonisi eziningi.
Uma ukuhamba komsebenzi wakho kusathembele kakhulu ku-X11 (isibonelo, ukuthwebula amathuluzi, ukusakaza, noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingasebenzi kahle ku-Wayland), unezinketho eziningana: namathela ku-Ubuntu 24.04 LTS isikhashana, sebenzisa ukunambitheka okufana ne-Kubuntu, i-Xubuntu, noma i-MATE okusanikeza amaseshini e-X11, noma ufake ngesandla izingxenye ezengeziwe ze-X11 uma ukulungele umzabalazo.
I-GNOME 50 iphinde ingeze ikhono lokugcina nokubuyisela iseshini yakho : lapho iqala kabusha, uhlelo luzama ukuvula kabusha amafasitela nezinhlelo zokusebenza lapho zazikhona, okuyinto elula kakhulu kulabo abasebenza nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. I-Nautilus (umphathi wefayela) ithuthukiswe ngokuzimisela: ukuvula amafolda kushesha kaningana futhi ukukhiqiza izithonjana kushesha ngokuphawulekayo.
Ngokubukeka, kukhona nezinguquko: itimu ye-Yaru evuselelwe , izithonjana ezintsha zefolda, izithombe ze-GNOME Shell ezicwebezelisiwe, iphepha lodonga elivuselelwe, kanye nesikrini sokungena ngemvume esinomehluko omkhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, manje usungakwazi ukulawula ukudlala kwemidiya kusuka esikrinini sokukhiya, okuwusizo uma uvame ukulalela umculo ngenkathi usebenza.
I-Ubuntu 26.04 LTS iphinde ibuyekeze izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningana ezizenzakalelayo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-Papers (isibukeli se-PDF kanye ne-annotator esakhiwe kabusha ku-GTK4 kanye nengxenye ku-Rust), i-Loupe (isibukeli sesithombe esisha esiku-Rust), i-Resources (isibonisi sesistimu esibonakalayo nesimanje), i-Ptyxis (i-terminal enokusheshiswa kwe-GPU), i-Showtime njengesidlali sevidiyo ekufakweni okunwetshiwe, i-Security Center yokuhlanganisa izilungiselelo zokuphepha nokubethela, kanye ne -Sysprof yokuhlaziya ukusebenza.
Ukugqwala enhliziyweni yesistimu: ama-sudo-rs kanye nama-uutils
Enye yezinyathelo okukhulunywa kakhulu ngazo kule LTS ukuthi i-Ubuntu 26.04 ithatha indawo ye-sudo yakudala (ebhalwe ku-C) nge -sudo-rs , i-Rust reimplementation, futhi isebenzisa i-uutils njengokufaka esikhundleni samathuluzi amaningi ayisisekelo e-coreutils (ls, cp, mv, cat, njll.), nawo abhalwe ku-Rust.
Isizathu esiyisisekelo ukuphepha kwememori . Ubuthakathaka bomlando obufana ne-CVE-2021-3156 edumile (ukugcwala kwe-buffer ku-sudo okuvumela ukwanda kwamalungelo cishe iminyaka eyishumi kungatholakali) kuncike ngqo emaphutheni ajwayelekile e-C. Ukugqwala, ngokuklama, kugwema lezi zinhlobo zamaphutha ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa, okunciphisa kakhulu indawo yokuhlasela ezingxenyeni ezinjalo ezibucayi.
Kumsebenzisi ojwayelekile, ushintsho luzocishe lungabonakali: imiyalo izoqhubeka nokusebenza ngendlela efanayo , nge-syntax kanye nokuziphatha okufanayo okulindelekile. Kodwa-ke, ngaphakathi, ushintsho olubalulekile: Ubuntu uba ngomunye wemisebenzi yokuqala emikhulu yokuphatha ukuphepha kwememori njengesidingo esiyisisekelo sezinsiza eziyinhloko.
Kuyafaneleka ukuqaphela ukuthi uma kuvela izinkinga ezingajwayelekile zokungahambelani, izinguqulo zakudala ze-GNU coreutils zihlala ezindaweni zokugcina futhi zingafakwa uma kudingeka ezindaweni ezithile. Noma kunjalo, i-uutils isivele idlula cishe u-80-90% wokuhlolwa kokuhambisana ne-GNU coreutils, ngakho ezimweni eziningi ngeke uqaphele noma yimuphi umehluko.
Ngaphandle kwe-sudo kanye ne-coreutils, ezinye izinsiza zesistimu ezibalulekile nazo zibhalwa kabusha kancane kancane ku-Rust, ngenhloso yokuqeda yonke imindeni yeziphazamisi okunzima ukuzibona. I-Canonical izimisele ngokusobala kule ndlela yokuqinisa i-Ubuntu njengeplatifomu ephephile nehlala isikhathi eside.
Ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe: Ukubethela kwe-TPM kanye ne-cryptography ye-post-quantum
Emkhakheni wezokuphepha, i-Ubuntu 26.04 LTS ithatha izinyathelo ezibalulekile eziningana ezithinta abasebenzisi basekhaya kanye nalabo abasebenzisa amaseva noma ama-laptop ezinkampani.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukubethela idiski eligcwele ngokusekelwa kwe-TPM 2.0 akuseyona inketho yokuhlola kodwa kuyisici esisekelwa ngokugcwele esilungele ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni. Umfakisi usebenzisa i-TPM yekhompyutha ukuxhumanisa okhiye bokubethela kwihadiwe kanye nesimo sokuqalisa esivikelekile, ukuze uma othile esusa idiski bese ezama ukuyifaka kwenye isistimu, ukubethela kuzohluleka.
Ukusuka ku -Security Center entsha ungaphatha izici ezifana nokwengeza noma ukususa i-PIN yokuvula, ukubuyekeza izexwayiso mayelana nokuhambisana kwe-kernel module, futhi kwezinye izimo, ngisho nokubhala kabusha idiski ngaphandle kokufaka kabusha lonke uhlelo, okuyinto elula kakhulu ngakho akudingeki uqale kusukela ekuqaleni lapho izinqubomgomo zokuphepha zishintshwa.
Enye insika enkulu ukusetshenziswa okuzenzakalelayo kwe- post-quantum cryptography ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile. I-OpenSSH manje isebenzisa uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe olufana ne- mlkem768x25519-sha256 , oluhlanganisa ama-algorithms akudala nezindlela ezimelana nokuhlaselwa kwe-quantum, futhi i-OpenSSL isebenzisa ama-scheme afanayo (X25519+ML-KEM) okuxhumana kwe-TLS. Umqondo uwukulungiselela isimo lapho amakhompyutha e-quantum anamandla anele angaphula ama-algorithms amanje.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izaziso zemvume zinikwe amandla kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Snap , ukuze lapho uhlelo lokusebenza olufakwe kusuka ku-Snap Store luzama ukufinyelela ikhamera, imakrofoni, noma izingxenye ezibucayi zesistimu yamafayela, umsebenzisi athole isaziso futhi angasamukela noma enqabe isicelo. Ohlangothini lwe-kernel, kufakwe ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe obufana ne- Intel TDX , obusiza imishini ebonakalayo ehlukanisiwe nehadiwe ezindaweni ezibucayi zamafu.
Izinguquko ekuphathweni kwesofthiwe kanye nokuvalelisa kancane “Izinhlelo nezibuyekezo”
Enye inkinga ebucayi nge-Ubuntu 26.04 LTS ukuhlela kabusha ukuphathwa kwesofthiwe . Esinye sezinqumo ze-Canonical kube ukususa ithuluzi lesithombe elithi "Izinhlelo Nokubuyekezwa" kusethi eyisisekelo yezinhlelo zokusebenza ekufakweni okusha.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi iyanyamalala ngokuphelele: i-utility ihlala ezindaweni zokugcina futhi ingafakwa nge-apt uma kudingeka. Kodwa-ke, ayisabhekwa njengengxenye "ebalulekile" kumsebenzisi ojwayelekile. Ngakho-ke i-Canonical izama ukwenza lula nokuhlanganisa imisebenzi eyayisakazwa ngaphambilini kumathuluzi amaningana axhunyiwe kancane.
Umqondo uwukuthi ukuphathwa kwesitoreji sesofthiwe manje kuzohlanganiswa ne- App Center/Snap Store , kuyilapho ukukhethwa kwabashayeli abangochwepheshe (ikakhulukazi i-NVIDIA) kuzophathwa ngethuluzi le -Software Update . Inqubo yokubhalisa ye-Ubuntu Pro izophinde ithuthelwe eSikhungweni Sokuphepha esisha.
Inkinga, futhi abasebenzisi abaningi abangochwepheshe bayakugxeka lokhu, ukuthi ulwazi lokuphathwa kwesofthiwe ku-Ubuntu belungaguquguquki iminyaka eminingi . I-App Center/Snap Store ibingaziwa njalo ngokusebenza kwayo noma ukuthembeka kwayo, futhi iqiniso lokuthi incike ezindleleni ezimbili zokubuyekeza (kuye ngokuthi zivela kuma-deb repositories noma kuma-snaps) liyaqhubeka nokudala ukudideka.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi oluhle, le LTS ithatha isinyathelo esifanele: i -App Center manje ingaphatha amaphakheji e-deb ngaphezu kwama-snaps, ibonise ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifakiwe, futhi, kwezinye izimo, ivumele izibuyekezo zephakheji zendabuko kusuka ku-interface yesithombe. Izaziso zokuvuselela nazo zilungisiwe, ngesithonjana esizinikele kuphaneli ukukwazisa ngama-patches alindile.
Kunoma ikuphi, uma uphuthelwa ukuphathwa okuvamile kwama-repositories nama-PPA, noma indlela yendabuko yokukhetha abashayeli, usengasebenzisa "Izinhlelo kanye nezibuyekezo" ukuze uzifake ngesandla. Futhi, vele, indlela yokugcina ene-apt ayipheli, ngenhlanhla.
I-Snap, i-PipeWire ku-Snap kanye nomthelela kumsebenzisi wedeskithophu
I-Canonical iyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza ngenkani i-Snap package ecosystem yayo . Ku-Ubuntu 26.04 LTS, esinye sezinyathelo eziphawuleka kakhulu ukuthi i-PipeWire , ingxenye yomsindo nevidiyo yesimanje ethatha indawo ye-PulseAudio ezindaweni eziningi, izonikezwa njengephakheji ye-Snap.
Lokhu kunomphumela osebenzayo: uma unquma ukususa ngokuphelele i-snapd ohlelweni lwakho, ungalahlekelwa ukusebenza komsindo. Empeleni, i-Ubuntu 24.04 LTS kwakuyinguqulo yokugcina ye-LTS eyakuvumela ukuthi "ukhiphe" ku-Snap ecosystem ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa izici ezibalulekile eziyinhloko.
Isisusa se-Canonical sicacile: ukuhlanganisa ukuphathwa kohlelo lokusebenza nokwenza konke kudlule ku-App Center, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlelo lusatshalaliswa njenge-.deb noma i-Snap. Kodwa engxenyeni yomphakathi, ebilokhu iqaphela iminyaka eminingi yezikhathi zokulayisha, ukusetshenziswa kwediski, kanye nezinkinga ezithile ze-sandboxing nge-Snaps, lesi sinyathelo singaba yinto yokugcina ebenza bacabangele ezinye izinhlobo noma ngisho nezinye izabelo.
Esimweni seseva, i-Snaps inomthelela omncane kakhulu , njengoba iningi lezinsizakalo ezibalulekile lisapakishwa njengamaphakheji endabuko e-.deb. Nokho, kudeskithophu, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi ukhululekile yini ngale ndlela noma uma ukhetha ezinye izindlela ezifana ne-Kubuntu noma i-Xubuntu, lapho i-Snaps inomthelela omncane kokuhlangenwe nakho kwansuku zonke.
I-ROCm yomdabu kanye ne-CUDA: Ubuntu 26.04 njengesisekelo sekhompyutha ye-AI kanye ne-GPU
Uma usebenza ngokufunda komshini, isayensi yedatha, noma i-GPU-accelerated computing , i-Ubuntu 26.04 LTS iyathakazelisa kakhulu. I-Canonical ifake ngokusemthethweni kokubili i-AMD ROCm kanye ne -NVIDIA CUDA ezindaweni zokugcina izinto zokusabalalisa.
Kuze kube manje, ukufaka i-ROCm bekuyiphupho elibi elincane: Ama-repositories angaphandle e-AMD, okhiye bokusayina, ukuncika ngesandla… Ngale LTS, umyalo olula ofana sudo apt install rocm Ukuze kufakwe, kugcinwe, futhi kubuyekezwe nge-apt, i-Canonical isungule nethimba elithile lokugcina la maphakheji ngokusekelwa iminyaka efinyelela kweyi-15 ezindaweni ze-LTS.
Isimo sifana ne-CUDA: ukufakwa kwayo kukhathalogi esemthethweni ye-Ubuntu kwamenyezelwa ngo-2025 , okwenza inqubo ibe lula kakhulu kulabo abasebenzisa amaqoqo okuqeqesha, ama-compute node, noma ama-workstation e-AI. Kuhlanganiswe nokusekelwa kwezakhiwo ezifana ne-NVIDIA Vera Rubin NVL72 , i-Ubuntu 26.04 izibeka njengenye yamapulatifomu asebenziseka kalula kakhulu ezingqalasizinda zobuhlakani bokwenziwa.
Kudeskithophu yasekhaya, lokhu kubuye kube ukuthuthuka lapho udlala imidlalo noma usebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzisa i-GPU, njengoba ukuhlanganiswa kwabashayeli kanye nemitapo yolwazi kuhlanzekile futhi izibuyekezo zifika ngendlela ehlelekile.
Izidingo zehadiwe kanye nokusebenza kwangempela
Enye yezimpikiswano eziphathelene ne-Ubuntu 26.04 LTS ukwanda kwe-RAM enconyiwe . I-Canonical isisuke ekuphakamiseni i-4 GB ekukhishweni kwangaphambilini kwe-LTS yaya manje ekuphakamiseni i-6 GB yememori ukuze ujabulele ulwazi oluphelele ngedeskithophu ye-GNOME kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zesimanje.
Izidingo ezisemthethweni zimayelana ne -CPU engu-2 GHz dual-core, i-RAM engu-6 GB, kanye nesikhala sediski esingu-25 GB sohlelo lwedeskithophu. Ngenguqulo yeseva, ubuncane buncane kakhulu: cishe i-RAM engu-1,5 GB kanye nesikhala sediski esingu-5 GB sohlelo oluyisisekelo olungenayo indawo enezithombe. Uma ufuna ukuqhathanisa la manani nezincomo eziphelele, bheka imininingwane nezici ze-Ubuntu.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi lolu shintsho alusho ukuthi i-Ubuntu 26.04 ngokuzumayo "idla" izinsiza eziningi kakhulu kunezandulelayo. I-Canonical imane ilungisa izinsiza ezinconywayo ukuze zibonise amaphethini ethu okusebenzisa angempela: iziphequluli ezinamathebhu amaningi, amadeskithophu adingayo, ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi eminingi ngezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningana ezidinga izinsiza eziningi, njalo njalo. Nge-4 GB, ungafaka futhi usebenzise uhlelo, kodwa ukusebenza kuzophazamiseka, futhi isikhala sokushintshana cishe sizogcwala sifinyelele umthamo.
Uma ikhompyutha yakho ine -RAM engu-4 GB noma ngaphansi , isiphakamiso esinengqondo ukubheka ukusatshalaliswa okulula njengo- Lubuntu noma u-Xubuntu, okusebenza kangcono kakhulu ngehadiwe encane. Kunoma ikuphi, kuye kwabonakala ukuthi kungenzeka ukufaka i-Ubuntu 26.04 kumakhompyutha ane-4 GB (noma ngisho nangaphansi kancane), kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi uzobe ucindezela imingcele.
Ezivivinyweni ezingokoqobo ezijulile (izinsuku ezimbalwa njengohlelo oluyinhloko), i-Ubuntu 26.04 LTS izizwa ishesha kakhulu kune-24.04 emisebenzini eminingi yansuku zonke: ukuvula amafasitela, ukushintsha phakathi kwama-desktop, ukuphatha izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningana ezivulekile… I-GNOME 50 ibonakala inokusetshenziswa okungcono kwezinsizakusebenza okulungisiwe, yize ukusetshenziswa kwe-RAM kuphakeme kancane, into okufanele ilindelwe ngenxa yezici ezintsha.
Ngokuhambisana, ulwazi oluphelele luhle: iziphequluli, ama-office suites, amathuluzi okuthuthukisa, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-multimedia zisebenza ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Lapho kungase kuvele khona izinkinga kungamathuluzi asathembele ku-X11 (njengezinye izinsiza zokubamba/zokusakaza zohlobo lwe-OBS ezinamakhadi athile ehluzo e-NVIDIA), ngezinye izikhathi ezingasebenzi kahle ngaphansi kwe-Wayland. Lezi akuzona izinkinga ezinkulu, kodwa kufanelekile ukuzikhumbula uma umsebenzi wakho uncike kuleyo software.
Indlela yokuthuthukisa kusuka ku-Ubuntu 24.04 LTS kuya ku-26.04 LTS isinyathelo ngesinyathelo
Uma uvela ku- Ubuntu 24.04 LTS futhi ucabanga ukuthuthukisa, inkambo ehlakaniphile kakhulu yokwenza iwukulinda i-Canonical ukuthi ikhiphe isibuyekezo esisemthethweni se-LTS→LTS ngemuva kuka-26.04.1 . Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuphoqa ukuthuthukiswa kusenesikhathi ngengozi yakho. Kunoma ikuphi, kunezinyathelo ezimbalwa okufanele uzilandele nakanjani.
Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze, ngaphambi kokuthinta noma yini, ukwenza isipele esiphelele sedatha yakho ebalulekile (futhi, uma kungenzeka, isithombe sesistimu noma sokuhlukanisa). Uma kukhona okungahambi kahle, kuzodingeka ukwazi ukubuyela esimweni sangaphambilini ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Ukusuka lapho, kungcono uqinisekise ukuthi ukufakwa kwakho kwamanje kusesikhathini ngokuphelele.
Vula itheminali bese uqalisa:
sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade -y
Lokho kuzobuyekeza ngokugcwele i-Ubuntu 24.04 LTS . Ngemuva kwalokho, qiniseka ukuthi ufake ingxenye edingekayo yokubuyekezwa kwenguqulo:
sudo apt install update-manager-core
Uma isilungile, ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile (lapho i-Canonical ivumela indlela esemthethweni kusukela ku-24.04 kuya ku-26.04 ngemuva kuka-26.04.1) ivele iqalise:
sudo do-release-upgrade
Uma unquma ukubuyekeza ngaphambi kokuba inguqulo 26.04.1 ikhishwe , kuzodingeka uyiphoqe usebenzisa imodi yonjiniyela:
sudo do-release-upgrade -d
I-wizard izolanda amaphakheji adingekayo, ikwazise ngezinguquko, noma yimaphi amaphakheji aphelelwe yisikhathi, ama-PPA azocishwa, futhi, ngezinye izikhathi, ikubuze ukuthi wenzeni ngamafayela athile okucushwa. Inqubo ingathatha phakathi kwemizuzu engama-30 nengama-45 (noma ngaphezulu uma uxhumano lwakho luhamba kancane), futhi uma isiqediwe, izokucela ukuthi uqale kabusha uhlelo lwakho.
Ngemva kokuqala kabusha, ungahlola inguqulo yakho nge:
lsb_release -a
Uma konke kuhambe kahle, uzobona ukuthi uhlelo manje lubika i- Ubuntu 26.04 LTS . Uma kwenzeka amaphutha angavamile ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa (njengokufakwa okuphazamisekile, izimpendulo ezingalungile ezingxoxweni ezithile, noma ukucima kukagesi), imiphumela ingasukela kumaphutha amancane ezithombe kuya ohlelweni olungeke luqalise kahle, ngakho-ke ukwenza isipele kusengaphambili akuyona into ongayikhetha; cishe kuyimpoqo.
Okuhlangenwe nakho kokuthuthukiswa kwangempela nezinkinga ezivamile
Abanye abasebenzisi abake bazama phoqa isibuyekezo sibe yizinguqulo ezintsha kusenesikhathi (isibonelo, ukusebenzisa sudo do-release-upgrade -d noma ngokuphendula imibuzo ebucayi ngendlela engafanele ngesikhathi senqubo) baye bahlangabezana nezimo ezithile ezingathandeki.
Kunezimo zokufakwa lapho, ngemva kwephutha phakathi nenqubo (isibonelo, ukuphendula u- "N" lapho ushintsho kufayela eliyisihluthulelo kufanele ngabe lwamukelwe ), ideskithophu iqala ukuziphatha ngendlela engajwayelekile, iseshini iyanqanyulwa, noma uhlelo lugcina lukhombisa izikrini zamaphutha njengokuthi "O cha, kukhona okungahambanga kahle" lapho uzama ukungena ku-GNOME.
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, abanye abasebenzisi kuye kwadingeka basuse i-Ubuntu partition ku-Windows bese beyifaka kabusha ngokuphelele kusukela ekuqaleni (isibonelo, ukubuyela ku-22.04 LTS kusuka kudrayivu ye-USB, bese bethuthukela ku-24.04 LTS bese bephinda inqubo ngokucophelela). Lezi yizimo ezimbi kakhulu, kodwa zibonisa ukuthi kungani i-Canonical ikhetha ukulibazisa indlela esemthethweni yokuthuthukisa i-24.04 kuya ku-26.04 kuze kube ngu-26.04.1: badinga isikhathi sokulungisa amaphutha okuqala.
Uma, ngemva kokuzama ukubuyekeza, ungaboni noma yiziphi izinguquko kodwa i-apt ayibiki noma yimaphi amaphutha (konke kubuyela "kuhlanzekile," ngaphandle kwamanye amaphakheji esigabeni sokukhishwa kancane kancane), kungenzeka ukuthi isibuyekezo asikakavunyelwa uhlelo lwakho okwamanje noma ukuthi indlela ivinjiwe ngezizathu zokuzinza. Kulezi zimo, ukusebenzisa imiyalo efanayo ngokuphindaphindiwe ngokuvamile ngeke kulungise lutho: kungcono ukufunda amadokhumenti asemthethweni, ubuyekeze amalogi ku- /var/log/dist-upgrade , bese ucabanga ukuthi kufanelekile yini ukulinda.
Uma uhlelo luphahlazeka ngempela futhi lungafiki ngisho nakudeskithophu, ezimweni eziningi inketho esheshayo nengebuhlungu kakhulu ukululama kusuka ku-USB ebukhoma ukuze uthole idatha, kulandelwe ukufakwa okuhlanzekile. Ngakho-ke kugcizelelwa ekudaleni ama-backups ngaphambi kokushintsha kusuka kunguqulo eyodwa ye-LTS uye kwenye, ikakhulukazi uma unezindlela eziningi zokwenza ngokwezifiso, ama-PPA, noma abashayeli abangewona ajwayelekile.
Ingabe kufanele ngithuthukisele ku-Ubuntu 26.04 LTS manje noma ngilinde?
Umbuzo omkhulu cishe wonke umuntu uthi: ingabe kufanelekile ukuthuthukela ku-Ubuntu 26.04 LTS njengamanje? Impendulo incike kakhulu ezidingweni zakho kanye nesimo samanje.
Uma ungumsebenzisi wedeskithophu onehadiwe yesimanje , ungathembeli ku-X11 nganoma yini ebalulekile, futhi ukhangwa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Wayland, i-GNOME 50, ukwesekwa okungcono kwemidlalo, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha, khona-ke ukuthuthukisa kunengqondo kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma uvela ku-24.04 LTS noma ngisho nenguqulo yangaphambilini. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukulinda i -Ubuntu 26.04.1 , elungisa amaphutha amakhulu kusukela ekukhishweni kwayo kokuqala.
Uma umusha ngokuphelele kwi-Linux futhi usanda kufaka i-Ubuntu 24.04 LTS ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule, akukho ukushesha. Kungcono ukugxila ekufundeni izisekelo, ekulungiseleleni indawo yakho, nasekuzijwayezeni nge-terminal, ama-partitions, kanye nama-backups ngaphambi kokuzibophezela ekuthuthukisweni okukhulu. Kumuntu osaqalayo, kunempilo kakhulu ukunamathela kwinguqulo esebenzayo isikhashana bese uthuthukela kwi-LTS entsha lapho uhlelo lwe-ecosystem seluvuthiwe.
Kumaseva okukhiqiza , isincomo sakudala sihlala sifana: asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa i-LTS entsha. I-Ubuntu 24.04 LTS isekelwa kuze kube ngu-2029, futhi ukuthuthela ku-26.04 kufanele kuhlelwe ngokucophelela: hlola ezindaweni zokubeka izigaba , uqinisekise ukuhambisana (ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa isofthiwe esebenzisana ne-kernel, abashayeli abakhethekile, izitsha, njll.), bese uhlela ukufuduka kuphela. Abaphathi abaningi bakhetha ukuqala ukusebenzisa i-LTS entsha kumaphrojekthi amasha, beshiya ingqalasizinda ekhona ku-LTS yangaphambilini kuze kube yilapho konke sekuqinisekisiwe.
Uma usebenzisa i-GNOME ne-X11 ngezizathu ezihlobene nomsebenzi (isibonelo, isofthiwe ethile yokuthwebula, amathuluzi ehluzo angasebenzi kahle ne-Wayland, noma imisebenzi yokusakaza eqondile kakhulu), kufanelekile ukucabangela ukuhlala ne-24.04, ukushintshela ku-flavour ye-X11, noma ngisho nokuhlola ezinye izabelo uma ukusetshenziswa kwakho kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ngamafuphi, i-Ubuntu 26.04 LTS isilungele ukuba ngenye yezinkampani ezibaluleke kakhulu ezikhishwe ohlelweni lwe-Ubuntu eminyakeni edlule: ihlanganisa i-Wayland, ihlanganisa i-Rust ezinsizeni eziyinhloko, ivula indlela yesikhathi se-post-quantum, iqinisa ukubethela nge-TPM, futhi yenza i-distro ibe yipulatifomu ekhangayo kakhulu ye-AI kanye ne-GPU computing. Ukuthatha isikhathi sokunquma ukuthi uzothuthukisa nini futhi kanjani kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokusebenzisa ngokugcwele konke lokhu ngaphandle kokuguqula umshini wakho ube yindawo yokuhlola ngengozi.
