ImiGangatho ye-ISO yoPhuhliso lweSoftware: UkuPhuculwa koMgangatho

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Uphuhliso lweSoftware yintsimi ehlala iguquka efuna imigangatho ephezulu yomgangatho kunye nokusebenza kakuhle ukuqinisekisa ukwaneliseka komsebenzisi kunye nempumelelo yeprojekthi. Imigangatho ye-ISO (i-International Organisation for Standardization) idlala indima ephambili kule ndawo ngokubonelela ngezikhokelo kunye neemfuno ezivunyiweyo kwihlabathi jikelele. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga eyona migangatho ifanelekileyo ye-ISO yophuhliso lwesoftware, siqaqambisa ukubaluleka kwayo kunye nezibonelelo. Ukusuka kulawulo lomgangatho ukuya kukhuseleko lolwazi, le migangatho ibonelela ngesakhelo esiqinileyo sokuphuhlisa isoftware ethembekileyo, ephezulu yokusebenza.

ImiGangatho ye-ISO yoPhuhliso lweSoftware

Ukusetyenziswa kwemigangatho ye-ISO kuphuhliso lwesoftware yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo kushishino. Le migangatho ijongana nemiba eyahlukeneyo yenkqubo yophuhliso, ukusuka kulawulo lomgangatho ukuya kukhuseleko lolwazi kunye nokusebenzisana. Apha ngezantsi kukho eyona migangatho ifanelekileyo ye-ISO yophuhliso lwesoftware:

1. ISO 9001: Ulawulo lomgangatho

Umgaqo ISO 9001 imisela iimfuno zenkqubo yolawulo lomgangatho osebenzayo. Isebenza kwimibutho yawo nawuphi na ubungakanani okanye icandelo, kubandakanywa nophuhliso lwesoftware. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-ISO 9001 kuvumela iinkampani ukuba ziphucule umgangatho weemveliso kunye neenkonzo zazo, zandise iinkqubo zangaphakathi kunye nokwandisa ukwaneliseka kwabathengi. Inganceda njani i-ISO 9001 kuphuhliso lwesoftware?

• Ukuphucula ukucwangciswa kunye nokwenziwa kweeprojekthi zophuhliso.
• Ukuseka imigangatho ecacileyo yomgangatho wesoftware.
• Iququzelela ukuchongwa kunye nokulungiswa kweengxaki kwinkqubo yophuhliso.
• Ukhuthaza ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kunye nokufunda kombutho.

2. ISO/IEC 25000: Umgangatho weSoftware

I-ISO/IEC 25000, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-SQuaRE (IiMfuno zoMgangatho weMveliso yeSoftware kunye noVavanyo), ibonelela ngesakhelo sovavanyo lomgangatho wesoftware kunye nokuphuculwa. Lo mgangatho useka isethi yeempawu kunye ne-subcharacteristics evumela ukulinganisa kunye nokuvavanya umgangatho wesofthiwe kwiinkalo ezifana nokusebenza, ukuthembeka, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ziziphi iingenelo zokusebenzisa i-ISO/IEC 25000 kuphuhliso lwesoftware?

• Ivumela umgangatho wesoftware ukuba uvavanywe ngendlela enenjongo kunye necwangcisiweyo.
• Ibonelela ngezalathi zomgangatho ezicacileyo eziququzelela ukwenziwa kwezigqibo.
• Inceda ekuchongeni iindawo zokuphucula kwaye ibeke phambili iinzame zophuhliso.
• Ukwandisa ukuzithemba kwabathengi kunye nokuphela komsebenzisi.

3. ISO/IEC 27001: Ukhuseleko loLwazi

Ukhuseleko lolwazi luyinkalo ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwesoftware, ngakumbi kwimeko yokwanda kolwaphulo-mthetho lwe-cyber kunye nokhuseleko lwedatha yomntu. Umgangatho we-ISO/IEC 27001 useka iimfuno zokuseka, ukuphumeza, ukugcina kunye ukuphucula inkqubo yolawulo inkqubo yolawulo lokhuseleko lolwazi (ISMS). Kutheni kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-ISO/IEC 27001 kuphuhliso lwesoftware?

• Khusela ulwazi olubuthathaka kunye noluyimfihlo kwisoftware.
• Ukuseka ulawulo lokhuseleko ukuthintela kunye nokufumanisa izoyikiso ezinokubakho.
• Iqinisekisa ubumfihlo, imfezeko kunye nokufumaneka kolwazi.
• Iyahambelana neemfuno zomthetho nezolawulo ezinxulumene nokhuseleko lolwazi.

4. ISO/IEC 9126: Umgangatho weMveliso yeSoftware

I-ISO/IEC 9126, ngoku ithathelwe indawo yi-ISO/IEC 25000, igxile kumgangatho wemveliso yesoftware kwaye yaseka imodeli esemgangathweni eneempawu kunye ne-subcharacteristics. Nangona i-ISO/IEC 9126 ingasasemthethweni, imigaqo kunye neengqikelelo zayo zisabalulekile kuphuhliso lwesoftware. Zeziphi ezona mpawu ziphambili zomgangatho we-ISO/IEC 9126?

• Ukusebenza: ukukwazi kwesoftware ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezichaziweyo.
• Ukuthembeka: ukukwazi kwesoftware ukugcina umgangatho olindelekileyo wokusebenza.
• Ukusebenziseka: lula ukusetyenziswa kunye nokwaneliseka komsebenzisi.
• Ucikizeko: ubudlelwane phakathi kwezibonelelo ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye neziphumo ezifunyenweyo.

5. ISO/IEC 12207: IiNkqubo zoMjikelo woBomi beSoftware

Umjikelo wobomi besoftware usukela ekukhawulweni nasekuphuhliseni ukuya kugcino kunye nomhlalaphantsi wemveliso. I-ISO/IEC 12207 ibonelela ngezikhokelo zeenkqubo kwi umjikelo wobomi besoftware, kubandakanywa ukufunyanwa, ukubonelela, uphuhliso, ukusebenza kunye nokugcinwa. Ziziphi iingenelo zokulandela i-ISO/IEC 12207 kuphuhliso lwesoftware?

• Useka isiseko esiluqilima sophuhliso nolawulo lweeprojekthi zesoftware.
• Ubonelela ngesakhelo esicwangcisiweyo sokucwangcisa kunye nokwenza imisebenzi.
• Ukuphucula unxibelelwano kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kwabadlali abahlukeneyo ababandakanyekayo.
• Iququzelela ukuchongwa kunye nokunciphisa imingcipheko kwinqanaba ngalinye lomjikelo wobomi.

Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo

1. Imele ntoni i-ISO kwimigangatho ye-ISO yophuhliso lwesoftware?

I-ISO imele i-International Organisation for Standardization, umbutho wamazwe ngamazwe ozimeleyo ophuhlisa kwaye upapashe imigangatho eyaziwayo kwihlabathi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka uphuhliso lwesoftware. Le migangatho ibonelela ngezikhokelo kunye neemfuno ezinceda ukuphucula umgangatho, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokhuseleko kuphuhliso lwesoftware.

2. Yintoni ukubaluleka kwemigangatho ye-ISO yophuhliso lwesoftware?

Imigangatho ye-ISO yophuhliso lwesoftware ibalulekile kuba ibeka imigangatho kunye iindlela ezingcono yaziwa kwihlabathi jikelele. Ngokulandela le migangatho, imibutho inokuphucula umgangatho weemveliso zayo, yandise iinkqubo zophuhliso, kwaye iqinisekise ukhuseleko lolwazi. Ukongeza, ukuthobela imigangatho ye-ISO kunokwakha ukuthembana kubathengi kunye nabasebenzisi bokugqibela.

3. Ziziphi iingenelo zokusebenzisa imigangatho ye-ISO kuphuhliso lwesoftware?

Ukusebenzisa imigangatho ye-ISO kuphuhliso lwesoftware kuneenzuzo ezininzi, kubandakanya:

1. Ukuphucula umgangatho wesoftware kunye nokwaneliseka kwabathengi.
2. Lungiselela iinkqubo zangaphakathi kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle.
3. Ukuseka imigangatho ecacileyo nenenjongo yolawulo lomgangatho.
4. Ukwandisa ukuzithemba kwabathengi kunye nokuphela komsebenzisi.
5. Ukhuthaza ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kunye nokufunda kombutho.

4. Yeyiphi imigangatho ye-ISO efanelekileyo kukhuseleko lolwazi kuphuhliso lwesoftware?

I-ISO/IEC 27001 ibaluleke kakhulu kukhuseleko lolwazi kuphuhliso lwesoftware. Lo mgangatho umisela iimfuno zokumisela, ukuphumeza, ukugcinwa kunye ukuphucula inkqubo yolawulo inkqubo yolawulo lokhuseleko lolwazi (ISMS). Ukuthobela i-ISO/IEC 27001 kunceda ukukhusela ulwazi olubuthathaka noluyimfihlo, ukuseka ulawulo lokhuseleko, kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zomthetho nezolawulo.

5. Yintoni ubudlelwane phakathi kwemigangatho ye-ISO kunye nomgangatho wesoftware?

Imigangatho ye-ISO ibonelela ngezikhokelo kunye neemfuno zokuphucula umgangatho wesoftware. Zombini i-ISO 9001 kunye ne-ISO/IEC 25000 (eyayisakuba yi-ISO/IEC 9126) igxile kwimiba yomgangatho wesoftware efana nolawulo lomgangatho, uvavanyo lomgangatho, kunye nenkcazo yeempawu kunye ne-subcharacteristics yokulinganisa nokuvavanya umgangatho wesoftware.

6. Ndingayisebenzisa njani imigangatho ye-ISO kwiprojekthi yam yophuhliso lwesoftware?

Ukuphumeza imigangatho ye-ISO kwiprojekthi phuhliso lwe software, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ulandele la manyathelo alandelayo:

1. Ziqhelanise nemigangatho ye-ISO efanelekileyo kuphuhliso lwesoftware.
2. Vavanya imeko yangoku yeprojekthi yakho ngokunxulumene neemfuno zemigangatho ye-ISO.
3. Chonga iinkalo zokuphucula kunye nokuseka isicwangciso sokusebenza sokuphumeza iimfuno zemigangatho ye-ISO.
4. Nxibelelana kwaye uqeqeshe iqela lakho kwiimfuno kunye noncedo lwemigangatho ye-ISO.
5. Useka iindlela zokubeka iliso kunye nokulawula ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho ye-ISO.
6. Khangela isatifikethi se-ISO esihambelanayo ukuze uqinisekise ukuphunyezwa kwemigangatho eyimpumelelo kwiprojekthi yakho.

Isiphelo

Imigangatho ye-ISO yophuhliso lwesoftware zizixhobo ezinamandla zokuphucula umgangatho, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko kwinkqubo yokudala iinkqubo kunye nokusetyenziswa. Ukusuka kulawulo lomgangatho ukuya kukhuseleko lolwazi, le migangatho ibonelela ngesakhelo esomeleleyo esinceda imibutho iphuhlise isoftware ethembekileyo, ephezulu. Ngokusebenzisa imigangatho ye-ISO, iinkampani zinokuphucula iinkqubo zazo zangaphakathi, zonyuse ukwaneliseka kwabathengi kunye nokwakha ukuthembana kubasebenzisi bokugqibela. Ukuba ufuna ukuthatha iiprojekthi zakho zophuhliso lwesoftware ukuya kwinqanaba elilandelayo, ungalijongeli phantsi ixabiso lemigangatho ye-ISO!